The leading company in Romania's machinery and equipment market in 2023 was Schaeffler România, with a revenue of over 3.9 billion Romanian lei, followed by Bosch Automotive, with an income of three billion Romanian lei. The most significant net profit was also recorded by Bosch Automotive - 60.9 million Romanian lei, while Frigoglass România suffered a net loss of 78.2 million Romanian lei.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Romania was worth 382.77 billion US dollars in 2024, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of Romania represents 0.36 percent of the world economy. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Romania GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This statistic shows the share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) in Romania from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, the share of agriculture in Romania's gross domestic product was 3.88 percent, industry contributed approximately 26.69 percent and the services sector contributed about 60.73 percent.

The latest data from show economic growth of 0.6 percent, which is an increase from the rate of growth of 0.4 percent in the previous quarter and
a decrease compared to the growth rate of 1.9 percent in the same quarter last year. The economic growth time series for Romania cover the period from...

Romania: Economic growth forecast: The latest value from 2030 is 3.5 percent, an increase from 3.4 percent in 2029. In comparison, the world average is 3.25 percent, based on data from 182 countries. Historically, the average for Romania from 1980 to 2030 is 1.99 percent. The minimum value, -12.93 percent, was reached in 1991 while the maximum of 10.43 percent was recorded in 2004.

Full Year GDP Growth in Romania decreased to 0.90 percent in 2024 from 2.40 percent in 2023. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Romania Full Year GDP Growth.

Key information about Romania Real GDP Growth

• The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Romania expanded 2.9 % YoY in Mar 2023, following a growth of 4.3 % in the previous quarter.
• Real GDP Growth YoY data in Romania is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1996 to Mar 2023, with an average rate of 3.5 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 11.9 % in Dec 2004 and a record low of -7.9 % in Jun 2020.

CEIC calculates Real GDP Growth from quarterly Real GDP. The National Institute of Statistics provides Real GDP in local currency, at chain linked 2000 prices.


Related information about Romania Real GDP Growth

• In the latest reports, Nominal GDP of Romania reached 86.0 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 14.4 % in Mar 2023.
• GDP Per Capita in Romania reached 14,987.8 USD in Dec 2021.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 14.5 % in Mar 2023.
• For Nominal GDP contributions, Investment accounted for 18.7 % in Mar 2023.
• Public Consumption accounted for 18.4 % in Mar 2023.
• Private Consumption accounted for 67.1 % in Mar 2023.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Romania stagnated 0 percent in the first quarter of 2025 over the previous quarter. This dataset provides - Romania GDP Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

More than 80 percent of respondents believed that providing low-interest loans to companies investing in the job market is an essential measure due to the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on the Romanian economy. Only 3.4 percent of respondents stated that this type of action is not important.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

In 2024, the GDP is increase by *** percent in Romania. The forecast for 2025 and 2026 anticipates a GDP growth of 2.5 and *** percent, respectively.

Economic growth, quarterly in Romania, March, 2025 The most recent value is 0 percent as of Q1 2025, a decline compared to the previous value of 0.5 percent. Historically, the average for Romania from Q2 1995 to Q1 2025 is 0.71 percent. The minimum of -9.7 percent was recorded in Q1 2009, while the maximum of 12.1 percent was reached in Q1 1996. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Romania expanded 0.30 percent in the first quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Romania GDP Annual Growth Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Romania RO: Potential Output of Total Economy: Volume data was reported at 1,307.469 RON bn in 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,272.080 RON bn for 2025. Romania RO: Potential Output of Total Economy: Volume data is updated yearly, averaging 891.607 RON bn from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2026, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,307.469 RON bn in 2026 and a record low of 586.281 RON bn in 2002. Romania RO: Potential Output of Total Economy: Volume data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.EO: GDP: Potential Output and Output Gap: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. GDPVTR-Potential output of total economy, volume OECD calculation, see OECD Economic Outlook database documentation

Contains data from the World Bank's data portal covering the following topics which also exist as individual datasets on HDX: Agriculture and Rural Development, Aid Effectiveness, Economy and Growth, Education, Energy and Mining, Environment, Financial Sector, Health, Infrastructure, Social Protection and Labor, Poverty, Private Sector, Public Sector, Science and Technology, Social Development, Urban Development, Gender, Millenium development goals, Climate Change, External Debt, Trade.

Key information about Romania Market Capitalization: % of GDP

• Romania Market Capitalization accounted for 19.8 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with a percentage of 18.3 % in the previous year
• Romania Market Capitalization: % Nominal GDP is updated yearly, available from Dec 1995 to Dec 2024
• The data reached an all-time high of 21.4 % in Dec 2006 and a record low of 0.2 % in Dec 1996

CEIC calculates Market Capitalization as % of Nominal GDP from annual Market Capitalization and annual Nominal GDP. Bucharest Stock Exchange provides Market Capitalization in local currency. The National Institute of Statistics provides Nominal GDP in local currency.


Further information about Romania Market Capitalization: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Bucharest Stock Exchange (BVB) recorded a monthly P/E ratio of 8.6 in Jan 2025
• RON closed at 17,520.8 points in Feb 2025

Nearly two thirds of respondents were of the opinion that it would take more than six months for Romania's economy to recover from the coronavirus (COVID-19) impact. Only one out of ten people believed that the economy could get better in one to three months. For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Abstract This data repository contains data at municipality data in Romania about population and population change, wages, agregate turnover, sectorial employment, and e,ployees by types of capital (FDI-capital, domestic and public). The data explores the spatial dynamics of the labor market at the subnational level, providing insights into wage moderation and repression in export-led growth regimes in Central and Eastern Europe. The data are used to investigate the spatial concentration of specialized economies within cities and their periurban areas, where the regional labor force is leveraged to moderate wage increases and attract populations in economies heavily reliant on FDI, in Romania. The data and models are used to show that this leads to the formation of ‘enclave economies’, characterized by localized labor regimes shaped by territorial zoning strategies that regulate labor migration and economic zoning of capital. Employing spatial regression with SARAR-SUR, we model population change and concentration to identify different labor regimes in regional enclaves, examining the impact of wages, sectorial employment, and types of capital. Our findings demonstrate that the sub-national distribution of FDI-led growth in Romania primarily revolves around labor-intensive activities and low capitalization costs, rather than urbanization. Additionally, we observe that changes in employment within public services are not significantly associated with population changes, suggesting that the state does not play a major role as a competitor in the labor markets. Furthermore, our analysis captures the specific labor requirements of multinational firms operating in business services and manufacturing, highlighting the negative impact of foreign companies in the business service sector on the population of core cities.

Data Dependent Variable - The dependent variable in our analysis is population change, which we measure using the population ratio of 2012 to 2011 on a natural logarithmic scale due to its mathematical similarity to percent growth. Dual citizens of Romanian descent from Moldova and Ukraine are drawn to the eastern region, particularly border towns in Suceava, Botoșani, Iași, and Vaslui counties. These immigrants often use their Romanian citizenship to migrate within the EU. To account for this regional trend, we substracted from the population the number of emigrants from each locality over the past decade (both in 2011 and 2021)

Independent variables - We model population change at locality level using wages as a pull factor, capital type and economic sector. To assess the impact of personal income on employment, we have utilized personal income tax data to estimate aggregated wages at the local level as provided on the data portal of the Romanian's Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration. - The Romanian National Institute of Statistics categorizes individuals as employed or working to account for those not receiving wages, including self-employed and contributing family workers. Agricultural workers make up most of the un-waged working population. To measure waged relations within the labor pool, we used the ratio of waged employees to the active age population (16-65 years), which serves as a measure of the size of the labor market at the local level. - We obtained employment data from the National Institute of Statistics, which provided aggregated balance sheets of all companies at the subsidiary level for 2011 and 2021. - We used a dummy variable to distinguish between foreign and domestic companies, and we separately aggregated the number of employees working in local and foreign companies. For the purposes of this study, a company was deemed foreign if it was incorporated in Romania and had 50% or more of its equity shares or share capital owned by a natural or legal person residing outside of Romania. - NACE codes related to manufacturing were used to isolate the companies of interest. To differentiate business services from other service activities, NACE codes related to activities such as information and communication, financial and insurance activities, real estate activities, professional, scientific, and technical activities, and administrative and support service activities were used to filter companies. The aim is to capture the growth of outsourcing in this sector while excluding other service activities such as social services and commerce and logistics. - The first layer of municipalities surrounding the 260 cities in Romania are referred to as periurban area, as they represent the transitional zone between urban and rural environments (Dadashpoor and Ahani, 2019; Stahl, 1969). Out of the 319 cities in Romania, 59 towns are located within the periurban areas adjacent to larger cities in terms of population. This classification creates three typologies of administrative territorial units (3180): core cities (260), periurban localities (1330), and villages (1590). These locality types (core city, periurban localities, and villages) were transformed into dummy variables and utilized as interaction variables. - In Romania, periurban areas are defined by Law no. 246/2022, which focuses on metropolitan areas and involves modifications and additions to certain normative acts. For municipalities, the periurban area includes the first two layers of municipalities surrounding the core city, while for cities, it encompasses only the first layer. However, it's important to note that the majority of population growth occurred in the first layer of municipalities. Due to this, we considered the periurban area for all 260 cities to be equivalent to the first layer of municipalities. - An alternative approach for analysis would have been to use the functional urban area, as defined by Eurostat, which covers the localities within the commuting range of the central city. Nevertheless, this scale is unsuitable for examining population change, as it shows only a negligible percentage change (0.1%) between 2003 and 2020. In contrast, periurban areas exhibited a much more significant population change of 5% during the same period. Consequently, we opted to present our analysis using the concept of periurban areas.

Model specification - We employed two specifications for the independent variables: a cross-sectional specification for 2021 and a first-differencing strategy that measures the difference between municipality-level values in 2011 and 2021. We used both specifications to assess the effect of employment composition across municipalities on population dynamics. The cross-sectional specification assumes that larger employment markets with more employees out of the active age population act as population magnets. However, it is influenced by idiosyncratic factors specific to each municipality. The first-differencing strategy controls for individual-level effects and plays a similar role to a fixed effect for two discontinuous time points, accounting for time-variant factors . It assumes that an increase in employment opportunities at the municipality level generates an overall population increase, irrespective of the size of the labor market out of the active age population. - Despite utilizing all three categories of the locality type simultaneously as a dummy system, multicollinearity did not pose a problem. The interaction term divided the independent variable into spatial components, forming spatial regimes, as described by Anselin and Rey (2014). Furthermore, when the locality type was used as an interaction effect in all models, the continuous variable only covered a portion of the population, specifically those within an economic sector. It did not account for the entire population of employees.

Model selection - We employed a three-stage least squares approach using Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) models. We incorporated Spatial Autoregressive terms and Spatial Autoregressive Disturbances (SARAR). R package spsur (Angulo et al., 2021) to estimate the model, and a row-standardized queen contiguity spatial weights matrix was computed from the geometries of Romanian localities to perform the regressions.

Files - data cross.csv: The data for the cross-sectional specification for 2021 - data diff.csv: The data for the first-differencing strategy that measures the difference between municipality-level values in 2011 and 2021 - model.csv: The data which contain the analysis for preparatory analysis and model selection - model A.R: The code in R with the preparatory analysis and model selection - model B.R: The code in R with the analysis with the two specifications for the independent variables - Vizualization.twbx: The Vizualization in Tableau of the data and the predicted values of the different models - codebook data cross.csv - codebook data diff.csv - codebook model.csv

The latest data from show economic growth of 0.6 pour cent, which is an increase from the rate of growth of 0.4 pour cent in the previous quarter and
a decrease compared to the growth rate of 1.9 pour cent in the same quarter last year. The economic growth time series for Romania cover the period...

GDP, billion currency units in Romania, March, 2025 The most recent value is 375.77 billion Romanian Leu as of Q1 2025, a decline compared to the previous value of 521.02 billion Romanian Leu. Historically, the average for Romania from Q1 1995 to Q1 2025 is 147.38 billion Romanian Leu. The minimum of 1.46 billion Romanian Leu was recorded in Q1 1995, while the maximum of 521.02 billion Romanian Leu was reached in Q4 2024. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Key information about Romania External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP

• Romania External Debt: Short Term accounted for 13.8 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 14.3 % in the previous year.
• Romania External Debt: Short Term: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from 2004 to 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 16.5 % in 2011 and a record low of 5.3 % in 2004.

CEIC calculates Short Term External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Short Term External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. The National Bank of Romania provides Short Term External Debt in EUR based on BPM6. The National Institute of Statistics provides Nominal GDP in local currency. The National Bank of Romania average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Short Term External Debt prior to 2008 is based on BPM5.


Related information about Romania External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Romania, Current Account recorded a deficit of 3.1 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 493.2 USD mn in Dec 2024.
• Romania Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 141.4 USD mn in Dec 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment fell by 1.6 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• Romania External Debt: Short Term value stood at 50.9 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 86.0 USD bn in Mar 2023.