The Romanian city with the most permanent residents in 2023 was Bucharest, with over 2.14 million inhabitants. Iași was the second largest city, populated by around 392.6 thousand people, followed by Cluj-Napoca and Timișoara.

The city with the highest pollution index in Romania in 2025 was Bucharest, with an index of 75.4, followed by Iasi. Brasov ranked fifth, with a pollution index of 35.7.

This statistic shows the biggest cities in Romania in 2021. In 2021, approximately **** million people lived in București, also known as Bucharest, making it the biggest city in Romania.

Romania RO: Population in Largest City data was reported at 1,830,515.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,839,695.000 Person for 2016. Romania RO: Population in Largest City data is updated yearly, averaging 1,886,986.500 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,060,655.000 Person in 1992 and a record low of 1,002,300.000 Person in 1960. Romania RO: Population in Largest City data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population in largest city is the urban population living in the country's largest metropolitan area.; ; United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.; ;

Population in the largest city (% of urban population) in Romania was reported at 16.89 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Romania - Population in the largest city - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Population in largest city in Romania was reported at 1767520 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Romania - Population in largest city - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

In 2019, Brasov was the city with the highest purchasing power index in Romania, reaching *****. Romania's capital, Bucharest, ranked fourth, with a purchasing power index of *****.

Romania RO: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population data was reported at 17.328 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 17.324 % for 2016. Romania RO: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 16.910 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.986 % in 1977 and a record low of 15.918 % in 1960. Romania RO: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population in largest city is the percentage of a country's urban population living in that country's largest metropolitan area.; ; United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.; Weighted average;

Abstract

The survey is the follow-up of the Diagnostic Review on Consumer Protection and Financial Literacy conducted by the World Bank in 2008-2009. The Diagnostic Review in Romania was the fourth in a World Bank-sponsored pilot program to assess consumer protection and financial literacy in developing and middle-income countries.1 The objectives of this Review were three-fold to: (1) refine a set of good practices for assessing consumer protection and financial literacy, including financial literacy; (2) conduct a review of the existing rules and practices in Romania compared to the good practices; and (3) provide recommendations on ways to improve consumer protection and financial literacy in Romania. The Diagnostic Review was prepared at the request of the National Authority for Consumers' Protection (ANPC), whose request was endorsed by the Ministry of Economy and Finance. Support was provided by the National Bank of Romania (BNR), which supervises banks and non-bank credit institutions. Further assistance was given by the supervisory commissions for securities (CNVM), insurance (CSA) and private pensions (CSSPP).

The Diagnostic Review found that the basic foundations needed for consumer protection and financial literacy are in place in Romania but they benefit from further strengthening support. The Review proposes improvements in six areas: consumer awareness, information and disclosure for consumers, professional competence, dispute resolution, financial education and financial literacy surveys.

Consequently, in 2010 the World Bank commissioned a nation-wide survey of the levels of financial literacy. A consultant (sociologist Manuela Sofia Stanculescu) developed the survey methodology (sampling methodology and questionnaire) in line with the Financial Literacy Survey in Russia (the World Bank, 2008) and the baseline survey Financial Capability in the UK (Financial Services Authority, 2005).2 The final form of the questionnaire was agreed with representatives of the National Bank of Romania (BNR), the Romanian Banking Institute (IBR), the National Authority for Consumers' Protection (ANPC), and the Financial Companies Association in Romania (ALB). The Institute for World Economy (Romanian Academy) collected the data in May 2010.

The main objective of this work is the establishment (and later the evaluation) of a well targeted national program of financial education.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Household, individual

Universe

Non-institutionalized persons aged 18 or older

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample of the survey is probabilistic, two-stage, stratified, representative at national level with an error of +/- 3% at a 95% confidence level.

The sample is based on two stratification criteria: (i) historical region (8 regions) and (ii) type of locality (7 types depending on the city size, in urban areas, and on the synthetic index of community development,4 in the rural ones).

The sample volume is 2048,5 out of which 148 cases represent a boost of persons aged 16, 17 or those had their 18th birthday after November 2009.6 Respondents were randomly selected from electoral registers corresponding to 185 voting sections (randomly selected), located in 141 localities (77 communes, 63 towns/cities and the capital Bucharest).

The sample includes a slight over-representation of men, rural respondents, and elderly particularly due to the boost of young but also to the fact that people left abroad concentrate among the 25-44 age category. Nevertheless, the sample fairly reproduces the structure (by gender, age categories and area of residence) of the country population 16+ years according to the data for 2009 provided by the National Institute for Statistics. Socio-demographic structure of the sample is presented in table 3 of the survey report.

Demographic data and data regarding the use of financial services were collected for all members of respondents? households. In the respondents? households live 5406 persons overall. This extended sample has also a slight over-representation of rural respondents and an under-representation of children (0-14 years) and persons 25-24 years (most probably young people who left abroad with children).

MORE INFORMATION ON THE SAMPLING METHODOLOGY

Sample volume: 2,200 non-institutionalized persons aged 18 or older. In addition, the sample will be boosted with 180 persons aged 16-18 years old. Overall, at least 2,000 valid questionnaires should be completed during fieldwork.

Type of the sample: Probabilistic, two-stage, stratified, representative at national level, with an error of +/- 2.8% at a 95% confidence level.

Stratification criteria: The sampling scheme is based on two stratification criteria

(a) Historical region (8 regions) (b) Type of locality, with 7 theoretical strata

i. Urban areas - 4 strata 1. very small towns under 30 thou inhabitants 2. small towns 30,001-100 thou inhabitants 3. medium cities 100,001-199 thou inhabitants 4. large cities 200 thou inhabitants or more

ii. Rural areas - 3 strata determined based on the synthetic index of community development 37 1. poor communes (the 30% communes with the lowest level of development within the country) 2. medium developed communes 3. developed communes (the 30% communes with the highest level of development within the country).

Sampling stages: The sampling scheme includes two stages.

Sampling units: There are two sampling units corresponding to the two sampling stages. In the first sampling stage, voting sections are selected and in the second stage, non-institutionalized persons aged 18 years or more.

Selection: Random selection in all sampling stages.

Sampling scheme: In the first stage the sample is distributed proportionally with the volume of population for each of the 56(= 8 x 7) theoretical strata different from zero.

The corresponding number of voting sections for each strata is determined taking into account on the one hand, the volume of each strata sub-sample (= sample size x share of total population in that strata) and, on the other hand, a minimum level of 10 questionnaires for each sampling point. The voting sections which will represent sampling points are then randomly selected based on the exhaustive national list of voting sections (the latest available from the Permanent Electoral Authority).

The sample has 188 sampling points (voting sections) of which 104 are in urban areas, and 84 are in rural localities, including the capital city.

For each sampling point is computed the number of corresponding questionnaires by dividing the strata sub-sample by the number of sampling points of that strata. In the second sampling stage, the electoral registers corresponding to the voting sections (selected as sampling points) are used as sampling frame. Non-institutionalized persons aged 18 or more are randomly selected from the electoral registers based on the mechanical step method.

In those localities where the electoral registers are not available (or the municipality do not grant access), the random route method will be used. All these cases will be specified and explained in the fieldwork report, except for Bucharest, where the random route method will be used for all voting sections, as the rate of replacement from electoral registers is high in all national representative surveys.

The electoral registers include only persons 18 years or more. Accordingly, the sample will include a boost of persons aged 16, 17 or persons that had their 18th birthday after November 2009.39 For each voting section, one person aged 16-18 years will be added. They will be selected based on the random route method.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Response rate

The overall response rate of the survey is 95.2%. More detailed information is provided in "Table 2 Response rates and quality of the sampling frame by sampling method (%) " of the survey report.

The city in Romania with the highest crime index was Constanta with ****, it was followed by Craiova, with an index value of ****. These values are high, given that the higher the index value, the higher the level of crime. Nevertheless, theses values are way above the overall crime index in Romania, which by 2024 increased to *****.

The purpose of this research is to identify the best time of year for open-air tourism in ten of Romania's most populated cities. The climate conditions were assessed using the enhanced tourism climate index (ETCI) on a temporal scale of 10 days over 61 years (1961-2021) to determine the best times of year for outdoor tourism. For observing any change, we compared the last 10 years (2012-2021) to the entire period of the current study. Daily mean temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation and sunshine, maximum temperature, and minimum relative humidity were employed. The trend detection methods were the Mann-Kendall test combined with Sen’s slope and the parameters considered for change detection were the frequency of days ranked as good, very good, excellent and ideal for outdoor tourism; the duration of the occurrence period, the first and the last day of occurrence of each class. We found that the most appropriate weather for open-air tourism usually begins in the third 10-day period of April and ends during the second 10-day period of October. This study could become an extremely useful tool for better planning events for tourism and recreation in the short and mid-term.

This statistic shows the degree of urbanization in Romania from 2013 to 2023. Urbanization means the share of urban population in the total population of a country. In 2023, 54.67 percent of Romania's total population lived in urban areas and cities. The shrinking population of Romania About half of Romania's population lives in urban areas, with the largest city and capital Bucharest only having about 1.9 million inhabitants - not very much considering that Romania reported a population of about 20 million people in 2015. Bucharest is also significantly larger than any of the other small cities around the country, which only have close to or less than 300,000 inhabitants each. The fact that Romania has not urbanized to the same level of most developed countries is an indicator that the country is still developing. As Romania progresses, it has an important advantage over other developing nations: It is a member of the European Union, and thus has access to the European market. However, unlike other developing countries, the Romanian population is decreasing and expected to shrink by more than half a million by 2020. This is caused by a low fertility rate, which is less than the replacement rate, by emigration and by an aging population. The median age of the Romanian population is expected to increase to as high as 44 years in 2020. A contributing factor to this may be the fact that while the older generation stays in Romania, the younger people migrate to other countries within the European Union which have stronger economies and more employment opportunities than Romania.

Graph and download economic data for Geographical Outreach: Number of Branches in 3 Largest Cities, Excluding Headquarters, for Credit Unions and Financial Cooperatives for Romania (ROUFCBODULNUM) from 2008 to 2015 about branches, credit unions, Romania, financial, and depository institutions.

In 2019, Bucharest was the city with the highest gross domestic product in Romania, totaling nearly *** billion Romanian lei. It was followed by Cluj and Timis, each with a GDP of approximately ** billion Romanian lei.

In 2005, Penny's strategy was to first expand in medium-sized cities. Since 2010, ** percent of Penny's supermarkets have been concentrated in small cities, while since 2015, the supermarket chain had over ** percent of its stores in big cities.

RO：最大城市人口占城市总人口的百分比在12-01-2017达17.328%，相较于12-01-2016的17.324%有所增长。RO：最大城市人口占城市总人口的百分比数据按年更新，12-01-1960至12-01-2017期间平均值为16.910%，共58份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于12-01-1977，达18.986%，而历史最低值则出现于12-01-1960，为15.918%。CEIC提供的RO：最大城市人口占城市总人口的百分比数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于World Bank，数据归类于全球数据库的罗马尼亚 – 表 RO.世行.WDI：人口和城市化进程统计。

It comes as no surprise that the most important foreign direct investment stock in Romania, totaling over 64.6 billion euros, was directed to Bucharest since the city is not only the capital but also the biggest city in Romania. In other words, the Bucharest-Ilfov region concentrated approximately 64 percent of the FDI stock in Romania. Counties such as Timiș, Prahova, Cluj and Brașov were the next ones to attract foreign investments.

The largest investments made in the commercial real estate business in the second quarter of 2024 in Bucharest were made in the industrial sector - 168 million euros, showing a continuing interest in retail parks in metropolitan areas of big cities. However, there were no investments in the office sector, compared to the first quarter of the year when 10.5 million euros were invested.

In 2020, Baneasa Shopping City was the biggest shopping center in Bucharest, Romania. It was followed by Afi Cotroceni and Sun Plaza, with a surface area of over 80 thousand square meters each.