The Romanian city with the most permanent residents in 2023 was Bucharest, with over 2.14 million inhabitants. Iași was the second largest city, populated by around 392.6 thousand people, followed by Cluj-Napoca and Timișoara.

This statistic shows the biggest cities in Romania in 2021. In 2021, approximately 1.72 million people lived in București, also known as Bucharest, making it the biggest city in Romania.

The city with the highest pollution index in Romania in 2024 was Bucharest, with an index of 75.2, followed by Iasi. Brasov ranked fifth, with a pollution index of 33.9.

Nearly 40 percent of respondents stated that health services was the most important issue in their city in 2020, followed by air pollution and road infrastructure. At the same time, 11 percent of Romanian respondents complained about the lack of green spaces in their city, and seven percent were concerned about the architectural quality of the buildings in their city.

Romania RO: Population in Largest City data was reported at 1,830,515.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,839,695.000 Person for 2016. Romania RO: Population in Largest City data is updated yearly, averaging 1,886,986.500 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,060,655.000 Person in 1992 and a record low of 1,002,300.000 Person in 1960. Romania RO: Population in Largest City data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population in largest city is the urban population living in the country's largest metropolitan area.; ; United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.; ;

Romania's industrial and logistics real estate market showed robust growth in 2023, with average rents reaching 4.7 euros per square meter. This figure reflects the increasing demand for industrial space across the country, particularly in major cities like Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca. The capital city, Bucharest, commanded the highest rent at 4.7 euros per square meter, underscoring its position as the primary hub for industrial and logistics operations in Romania. Expanding industrial landscape The industrial sector in Romania has been experiencing significant expansion. By 2024, the country's modern industrial stock reached 7.9 million square m, with 690,000 square m of new leasable space added, which represents a 40 percent increase compared to 2023. Bucharest continued to dominate the market, accounting for 28 percent of the new industrial supply. The growth trend is expected to continue, with an additional 260,000 square m projected to be completed by the end of 2024. Regional centers attractive to investors While Bucharest remains the focal point of industrial and logistics activities, other regions are also seeing development. The Western and North-Western regions collectively held about 26.8 percent of the total stock. Cities like Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, and Brașov are attracting investments, with rental rates slightly lower than the capital. In terms of available space, over 355,000 square m were ready for rent in 2023, with Bucharest holding nearly 60 percent of this stock. Timișoara followed as the second most available market with 67,400 square m, indicating growing interest in regional industrial hubs.

In 2019, Brasov was the city with the highest purchasing power index in Romania, reaching 67.91. Romania's capital, Bucharest, ranked fourth, with a purchasing power index of 58.75.

Graph and download economic data for Geographical Outreach: Number of Branches in 3 Largest Cities, Excluding Headquarters, for Credit Unions and Financial Cooperatives for Romania (ROUFCBODULNUM) from 2008 to 2015 about branches, credit unions, Romania, financial, and depository institutions.

The city in Romania with the highest crime index was Constanta with 50.8, it was followed by Craiova, with an index value of 45.5. These values are high, given that the higher the index value, the higher the level of crime. Nevertheless, theses values are way above the overall crime index in Romania, which by 2023 increased to 32.

Abstract

To strengthen and promote an evidence-based protection response, UNHCR and its partners have been implementing a protection monitoring exercise since May 2022 to regularly collect and analyze data about the profiles, needs and intentions of refugees from Ukraine and monitor changes over time. The exercise covers the following countries that have received refugees from Ukraine: Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova (5,035), Poland, Romania and Slovakia.

The protection monitoring involves household-level interviews conducted at border crossing points, reception and transit centres, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities using a structured questionnaire. Trained enumerators from UNHCR and partners collect data in face-to-face interviews. While respondents are randomly selected to reduce bias, the sample is considered a non-probability sample and results should be considered indicative, meaning they cannot be extrapolated to the population of refugees from Ukraine. The result reflects the refugees' situation and intentions at the time of data collection.

This dataset includes 5,275 household interviews conducted in Romania between May and December 2022. It is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

Geographic coverage

Countrywide

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

Refugees from Ukraine

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Households were randomly sampled at border crossing points, reception and transit centres, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities. While households were randomly sampled, the sample is considered non-probability.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Structured questionnaire implemented using UNHCR's mobile data collection tool, Kobo Toolbox

Nearly four out of ten respondents were of the opinion that real estate prices in the main cities in Romania would stay the same in 2021. However, 27 percent of respondents expected real estate prices to decrease in the next 12 months.

To strengthen and promote an evidence-based protection response, UNHCR and its partners have been implementing a protection monitoring exercise since May 2022 to regularly collect and analyze data about the profiles, needs and intentions of refugees from Ukraine and monitor changes over time. The exercise covers the following countries that have received refugees from Ukraine: Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova (5,035), Poland, Romania and Slovakia.

The protection monitoring involves household-level interviews conducted at border crossing points, reception and transit centres, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities using a structured questionnaire. Trained enumerators from UNHCR and partners collect data in face-to-face interviews. While respondents are randomly selected to reduce bias, the sample is considered a non-probability sample and results should be considered indicative, meaning they cannot be extrapolated to the population of refugees from Ukraine. The result reflects the refugees' situation and intentions at the time of data collection.

This dataset includes 5,275 household interviews conducted in Romania between May and December 2022. It is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

Despite the increasingly recognized eco-epidemiological importance of ticks as vectors for numerous zoonotic pathogens in urban areas, data regarding the pathogen diversity and co-infection rates in ticks and wildlife hosts in urban and peri-urban Romania are scanty. We aimed to establish the risk of human exposure to co-infected ticks in Cluj-Napoca, a major city in Romania. DNA was isolated from 151 questing ticks: Ixodes ricinus (n = 95), Haemaphysalis punctata (n = 53), Dermacentor reticulatus (n = 2), and Dermacentor marginatus (n = 1); 222 engorged ticks: I. ricinus (n = 164), I. hexagonus (n = 36), H. punctata (n = 16), H. concinna (n = 6), and 70 tissue samples collected from wildlife hosts during 2018 in five urban, and two peri-urban sites. Using a pre-designed Fluidigm real-time PCR dynamic array, all DNA samples were individually screened for the presence of 44 vector-borne pathogens. Subsequently, conventional PCRs were performed for a selection of samples to allow validation and sequencing. In total, 15 pathogens were identified to species and 6 to genus level. In questing ticks, single infections were more common than co-infections. Seven Borrelia spp. were detected in questing I. ricinus, and three in H. punctata ticks. An overall high prevalence 26.35% (95% CI: 19.46–34.22) and diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was seen in urban questing ticks. Other pathogens of the order Rickettsiales were present with variable prevalence. Co-infections occurred in 27.4% (95% CI: 18.72-37.48) of all infected questing ticks. In engorged ticks the overall Bo. burgdorferi sensu lato prevalence was 35.6% (95% CI: 29.29–42.27), with five species present. Pathogens of the order Rickettsiales were also frequently detected. We report for the first time in Romania the presence of Rickettsia aeschlimannii and Rickettsia felis. Overall, from the infected engorged ticks, 69.2% showcased co-infections. In Ixodes spp., dual co-infections, namely Borrelia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Rickettsia helvetica and A. phagocytophilum were the most prevalent. Given the outcome, we underline the need to establish proper tick-surveillance programs in cities and include co-infections in the management plan of tick-borne diseases in Romania.

As of 2023, almost half of Romania's video game developer studios were based in the capital Bucharest (101 studios), followed by Cluj-Napoca with 36 studios. Other major Romanian cities that were active in the gaming sector were Iași, Timișoara, Ilfov and Brașov.

This statistic shows the degree of urbanization in Romania from 2013 to 2023. Urbanization means the share of urban population in the total population of a country. In 2023, 54.67 percent of Romania's total population lived in urban areas and cities. The shrinking population of Romania About half of Romania's population lives in urban areas, with the largest city and capital Bucharest only having about 1.9 million inhabitants - not very much considering that Romania reported a population of about 20 million people in 2015. Bucharest is also significantly larger than any of the other small cities around the country, which only have close to or less than 300,000 inhabitants each. The fact that Romania has not urbanized to the same level of most developed countries is an indicator that the country is still developing. As Romania progresses, it has an important advantage over other developing nations: It is a member of the European Union, and thus has access to the European market. However, unlike other developing countries, the Romanian population is decreasing and expected to shrink by more than half a million by 2020. This is caused by a low fertility rate, which is less than the replacement rate, by emigration and by an aging population. The median age of the Romanian population is expected to increase to as high as 44 years in 2020. A contributing factor to this may be the fact that while the older generation stays in Romania, the younger people migrate to other countries within the European Union which have stronger economies and more employment opportunities than Romania.

RO：最大城市人口占城市总人口的百分比在12-01-2017达17.328%，相较于12-01-2016的17.324%有所增长。RO：最大城市人口占城市总人口的百分比数据按年更新，12-01-1960至12-01-2017期间平均值为16.910%，共58份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于12-01-1977，达18.986%，而历史最低值则出现于12-01-1960，为15.918%。CEIC提供的RO：最大城市人口占城市总人口的百分比数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于World Bank，数据归类于全球数据库的罗马尼亚 – 表 RO.世行.WDI：人口和城市化进程统计。

In 2019, Bucharest was the city with the highest gross domestic product in Romania, totaling nearly 250 billion Romanian lei. It was followed by Cluj and Timis, each with a GDP of approximately 50 billion Romanian lei.

In 1844, Romania had a population of just 3.6 million people. During the early entries in this data, Romania's borders were very different and much smaller than today, and control of this area often switched hands between the Austrian, Ottoman and Russian empires. The populations during this time are based on estimates made for incomplete census data, and they show that the population grows from 3.6 million in 1844, doubling to 7.2 million in 1912, part of this growth is due to a high natural birth rate during this period, but also partly due to the changing of Romania's borders and annexation of new lands. During this time Romania gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire as a result of the Russo-Turkish War in 1878, and experienced a period of increased stability and progress.

Between 1912 and 1930 the population of Romania grew by over 10 million people. The main reason for this is the huge territories gained by Romania in the aftermath of the First World War. During the war Romania remained neutral for the first two years, after which it joined the allies; however, it was very quickly defeated and overrun by the Central Powers, and in total it lost over 600 thousand people as a direct result of the war. With the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires after the war, Romania gained almost double it's territory, which caused the population to soar to 18.1 million in 1930. The population then decreases by 1941 and again by 1948, as Romania seceded territory to neighboring countries and lost approximately half a million people during the Second World War. From 1948 onwards the population begins to grow again, reaching it's peak at 23.5 million people in 1990.

Like many other Eastern European countries, there was very limited freedom of movement from Romania during the Cold War, and communist rule was difficult for the Romanian people. The Romanian Revolution in 1989 ended communist rule in the country, Romania transitioned to a free-market society and movement from the country was allowed. Since then the population has fallen each year as more and more Romanians move abroad in search of work and opportunities. The population is expected to fall to 19.2 million in 2020, which is over 4 million fewer people than it had in 1990.

In 2005, Penny's strategy was to first expand in medium-sized cities. Since 2010, 40 percent of Penny's supermarkets have been concentrated in small cities, while since 2015, the supermarket chain had over 20 percent of its stores in big cities.

In 2020, Nepi Rockcastle, which owned the commercial buildings Promenada Bucharest, Promenada Sibiu, Mega Mall, Shopping City Timisoara, and City Park Constanta, had a revenue worth over one billion Romanian lei. AFI Europe Romania ranked eighth, with a revenue of only 235 million Romanian lei.