The inflation rate for the Retail Price Index (RPI) in the United Kingdom was 4.3 percent in May 2025, down from 4.5 percent in the previous month. From 2021 onwards, prices in the UK rose rapidly, with the RPI inflation rate peaking at 14.2 percent in October 2022. Although inflation fell in subsequent months, it wasn't until July 2023 that inflation fell below double digits, and as of late 2024, the RPI rate was still above three percent. The CPI and CPIH While the retail price index is still a popular method of calculating inflation, the consumer price index (CPI) is the current main measurement of inflation in the UK. There is also an additional price index, which includes some extra housing costs, known as the Consumer Price Index including homer occupiers' costs (CPIH) index, which is seen by the UK's Office of National Statistics as the official inflation rate. As of December 2024, the CPI inflation rate stood at 2.5 percent, while the CPIH rate was 3.5 percent. Core inflation down in 2024 Another way of measuring inflation is to strip out the volatility of energy and food prices and look at the underlying core inflation rate. As of December 2024, this was 3.2 percent, slightly higher than the overall CPI rate, but more aligned with the overall figure than it was in 2022 and 2023. When inflation peaked at 11.2 percent in October 2022, for example, core inflation stood at just 6.5 percent. After energy prices in 2023 fell relative to 2022, the overall inflation rate in the UK declined quite rapidly, with core inflation overtaking the overall rate in July 2023. During the most recent period of high inflation, core inflation peaked at 7.1 percent in May 2023, and while taking longer to fall than the overall figure, has generally been declining since then.

The Retail Price Index (RPI) is one of the main measures of inflation used to calculate the change in the price of goods and services within the British economy. In the first quarter of 2025 the index value was 393.7, indicating that the price for a fixed basket of goods had increased by almost 294 percent since 1987. The RPI inflation rate for March 2025 was 3.2 percent, down from 3.4 percent in the previous month. Inflation and UK living standards For UK consumers, high inflation is one of the main drivers of the ongoing cost of living crisis. With wages struggling to keep up with the pace of inflation for a long period between 2021 and 2023, UK households saw their living standards fall significantly. In 2022/23, real household disposable income in the UK is estimated to have fallen by 2.1 percent, which was the biggest fall in living standards since 1956. While there have been some signals that the crisis eased somewhat in 2024, such as falling energy and food inflation, an increasing share of UK households have reported increasing living costs since Summer 2024. Additional inflation indicators Aside from the Retail Price Index, the UK also produces other inflation indices such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Consumer Price Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH). While these particular indices measure consumer price increases slightly differently, they both provide an overall picture of rising prices. More specific inflation rates, such as by sector, are also produced, while other indices omit certain items, such as core inflation, which excludes food and energy inflation, to provide a more stable measure of inflation.

Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: SS: CR: Books data was reported at 110.100 2010=100 in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 111.100 2010=100 for Nov 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: SS: CR: Books data is updated monthly, averaging 97.650 2010=100 from Jan 1991 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 336 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 111.100 2010=100 in Nov 2018 and a record low of 77.000 2010=100 in May 1991. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: SS: CR: Books data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I050: Retail Price Index: Incl VAT: 2010=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100 Replacement series ID: 412821537

Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: NS: Others: With Non Food Predominating data was reported at 108.300 2010=100 in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 109.200 2010=100 for Nov 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: NS: Others: With Non Food Predominating data is updated monthly, averaging 101.650 2010=100 from Jan 2005 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 168 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 109.200 2010=100 in Nov 2018 and a record low of 96.900 2010=100 in Jan 2007. Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: NS: Others: With Non Food Predominating data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I054: Retail Price Index: Excl VAT: 2010=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100 Replacement series ID: 412822007

Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: SS: Household Equipment (HE) data was reported at 107.100 2010=100 in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 106.900 2010=100 for Nov 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: SS: Household Equipment (HE) data is updated monthly, averaging 93.350 2010=100 from Jan 1991 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 336 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 107.100 2010=100 in Dec 2018 and a record low of 80.600 2010=100 in Jan 1991. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: SS: Household Equipment (HE) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I050: Retail Price Index: Incl VAT: 2010=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100 Replacement series ID: 412821407

Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: NT: MI: Others data was reported at 100.000 2010=100 in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 100.400 2010=100 for Nov 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: NT: MI: Others data is updated monthly, averaging 99.100 2010=100 from Jan 1991 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 336 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 102.000 2010=100 in Dec 1999 and a record low of 92.300 2010=100 in Mar 1991. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: NT: MI: Others data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I050: Retail Price Index: Incl VAT: 2010=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100 Replacement series ID: 412821877

Inflation Rate in Netherlands decreased to 3.10 percent in June from 3.30 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Netherlands Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Inflation Rate in Italy increased to 1.70 percent in June from 1.60 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Italy Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation Rate in Poland increased to 4.10 percent in June from 4 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Poland Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In 2024, the average inflation rate in the United Kingdom was approximately 2.53 percent. Between 1980 and 2024, the figure dropped by around 14.32 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. The inflation is forecast to decline by about 0.53 percentage points from 2024 to 2030, fluctuating as it trends downward.This indicator measures inflation based upon the year-on-year change in the average consumer price index, expressed in percent. The latter expresses a country's average level of prices based on a typical basket of consumer goods and services.

Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: SS: CR: Music & Video Recordings data was reported at 93.200 2010=100 in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 89.900 2010=100 for Nov 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: SS: CR: Music & Video Recordings data is updated monthly, averaging 169.250 2010=100 from Jan 1991 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 336 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 182.200 2010=100 in Dec 1995 and a record low of 87.300 2010=100 in Feb 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: SS: CR: Music & Video Recordings data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I050: Retail Price Index: Incl VAT: 2010=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100 Replacement series ID: 412821577

Inflation Rate in Spain increased to 2.20 percent in June from 2 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Spain Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The UK inflation rate was 3.4 percent in May 2025, down from 3.5 percent in the previous month, and the fastest rate of inflation since February 2024. Between September 2022 and March 2023, the UK experienced seven months of double-digit inflation, which peaked at 11.1 percent in October 2022. Due to this long period of high inflation, UK consumer prices have increased by over 20 percent in the last three years. As of the most recent month, prices were rising fastest in the communications sector, at 6.1 percent, but were falling in both the furniture and transport sectors, at -0.3 percent and -0.6 percent respectively.
The Cost of Living Crisis High inflation is one of the main factors behind the ongoing Cost of Living Crisis in the UK, which, despite subsiding somewhat in 2024, is still impacting households going into 2025. In December 2024, for example, 56 percent of UK households reported their cost of living was increasing compared with the previous month, up from 45 percent in July, but far lower than at the height of the crisis in 2022. After global energy prices spiraled that year, the UK's energy price cap increased substantially. The cap, which limits what suppliers can charge consumers, reached 3,549 British pounds per year in October 2022, compared with 1,277 pounds a year earlier. Along with soaring food costs, high-energy bills have hit UK households hard, especially lower income ones that spend more of their earnings on housing costs. As a result of these factors, UK households experienced their biggest fall in living standards in decades in 2022/23. Global inflation crisis causes rapid surge in prices The UK's high inflation, and cost of living crisis in 2022 had its origins in the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the initial waves of the virus, global supply chains struggled to meet the renewed demand for goods and services. Food and energy prices, which were already high, increased further in 2022. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 brought an end to the era of cheap gas flowing to European markets from Russia. The war also disrupted global food markets, as both Russia and Ukraine are major exporters of cereal crops. As a result of these factors, inflation surged across Europe and in other parts of the world, but typically declined in 2023, and approached more usual levels by 2024.

Inflation Rate in South Africa remained unchanged at 2.80 percent in May. This dataset provides - South Africa Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: NS: Others: Exclude Food data was reported at 104.300 2010=100 in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 104.200 2010=100 for Nov 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: NS: Others: Exclude Food data is updated monthly, averaging 100.500 2010=100 from Jan 1991 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 336 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 104.800 2010=100 in Oct 2018 and a record low of 92.700 2010=100 in Jan 1991. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: NS: Others: Exclude Food data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I050: Retail Price Index: Incl VAT: 2010=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100 Replacement series ID: 412821257

Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: SS: HE: FL: Furniture data was reported at 107.400 2010=100 in Dec 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 107.400 2010=100 for Nov 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: SS: HE: FL: Furniture data is updated monthly, averaging 101.100 2010=100 from Jan 2005 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 168 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 107.400 2010=100 in Dec 2018 and a record low of 95.200 2010=100 in Jan 2007. Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: SS: HE: FL: Furniture data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I054: Retail Price Index: Excl VAT: 2010=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100 Replacement series ID: 412822227

Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: Other Goods data was reported at 114.800 2010=100 in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 114.500 2010=100 for Nov 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: Other Goods data is updated monthly, averaging 90.400 2010=100 from Jan 1991 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 336 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 114.800 2010=100 in Dec 2018 and a record low of 75.300 2010=100 in Sep 1991. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: Other Goods data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I050: Retail Price Index: Incl VAT: 2010=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100 Replacement series ID: 412821837

Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: SS: OG: Clothing data was reported at 109.800 2010=100 in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 112.500 2010=100 for Nov 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: SS: OG: Clothing data is updated monthly, averaging 102.200 2010=100 from Jan 2005 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 168 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 112.900 2010=100 in Oct 2018 and a record low of 95.200 2010=100 in Jul 2010. Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: SS: OG: Clothing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I054: Retail Price Index: Excl VAT: 2010=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100 Replacement series ID: 412822377

Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: SS: CR: Games & Toys data was reported at 111.300 2010=100 in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 110.200 2010=100 for Nov 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: SS: CR: Games & Toys data is updated monthly, averaging 102.600 2010=100 from Jan 2005 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 168 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 115.100 2010=100 in Sep 2018 and a record low of 98.300 2010=100 in Jun 2008. Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: SS: CR: Games & Toys data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I054: Retail Price Index: Excl VAT: 2010=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100 Replacement series ID: 412822357

Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: NS: With Food, Beverages & Tobacco data was reported at 114.800 2010=100 in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 115.000 2010=100 for Nov 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: NS: With Food, Beverages & Tobacco data is updated monthly, averaging 103.400 2010=100 from Jan 2005 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 168 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 115.200 2010=100 in Sep 2018 and a record low of 90.700 2010=100 in Aug 2005. Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: NS: With Food, Beverages & Tobacco data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I054: Retail Price Index: Excl VAT: 2010=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100 Replacement series ID: 412821957