Inflation is an important measure of any country’s economy, and the Retail Price Index (RPI) is one of the most widely used indicators in the United Kingdom, with the rate expected to be 4.1 percent in 2025, compared with 3.6 percent in 2024. This followed 2022, when RPI inflation reached a rate of 11.6 percent, by far the highest annual rate during this provided time period. CPI vs RPI Although the Retail Price Index is a commonly utilized inflation indicator, the UK also uses a newer method of calculating inflation, the Consumer Price Index. The CPI, along with the CPIH (Consumer Price Index including owner occupiers' housing costs) are usually preferred by the UK government, but the RPI is still used in certain instances. Increases in rail fares for example, are calculated using the RPI, while increases in pension payments are calculated using CPI, when this is used as the uprating factor. The use of one inflation measure over the other can therefore have a significant impact on people’s lives in the UK. High inflation falls to more typical levels by 2024 Like the Retail Price Index, the Consumer Price Index inflation rate also reached a recent peak in October 2022. In that month, prices were rising by 11.1 percent and did not fall below double figures until April 2023. This fall was largely due to slower price increases in key sectors such as energy, which drove a significant amount of the 2022 wave of inflation. Inflation nevertheless remains elevated, fueled not only by high food inflation, but also by underlying core inflation. As of February 2025, the overall CPI inflation rate was 2.8 percent, although an uptick in inflation is expected later in the year, with a rate of 3.7 percent forecast for the third quarter of the year.

The inflation rate for the Retail Price Index (RPI) in the United Kingdom was 4.5 percent in April 2025, up from 3.2 percent in the previous month. From 2021 onwards, prices in the UK rose rapidly, with the RPI inflation rate peaking at 14.2 percent in October 2022. Although inflation fell in subsequent months, it wasn't until July 2023 that inflation fell below double digits, and as of late 2024, the RPI rate was still above three percent. The CPI and CPIH While the retail price index is still a popular method of calculating inflation, the consumer price index (CPI) is the current main measurement of inflation in the UK. There is also an additional price index, which includes some extra housing costs, known as the Consumer Price Index including homer occupiers' costs (CPIH) index, which is seen by the UK's Office of National Statistics as the official inflation rate. As of December 2024, the CPI inflation rate stood at 2.5 percent, while the CPIH rate was 3.5 percent. Core inflation down in 2024 Another way of measuring inflation is to strip out the volatility of energy and food prices and look at the underlying core inflation rate. As of December 2024, this was 3.2 percent, slightly higher than the overall CPI rate, but more aligned with the overall figure than it was in 2022 and 2023. When inflation peaked at 11.2 percent in October 2022, for example, core inflation stood at just 6.5 percent. After energy prices in 2023 fell relative to 2022, the overall inflation rate in the UK declined quite rapidly, with core inflation overtaking the overall rate in July 2023. During the most recent period of high inflation, core inflation peaked at 7.1 percent in May 2023, and while taking longer to fall than the overall figure, has generally been declining since then.

The Retail Price Index (RPI) is one of the main measures of inflation used to calculate the change in the price of goods and services within the British economy. In the first quarter of 2025 the index value was 393.7, indicating that the price for a fixed basket of goods had increased by almost 294 percent since 1987. The RPI inflation rate for March 2025 was 3.2 percent, down from 3.4 percent in the previous month. Inflation and UK living standards For UK consumers, high inflation is one of the main drivers of the ongoing cost of living crisis. With wages struggling to keep up with the pace of inflation for a long period between 2021 and 2023, UK households saw their living standards fall significantly. In 2022/23, real household disposable income in the UK is estimated to have fallen by 2.1 percent, which was the biggest fall in living standards since 1956. While there have been some signals that the crisis eased somewhat in 2024, such as falling energy and food inflation, an increasing share of UK households have reported increasing living costs since Summer 2024. Additional inflation indicators Aside from the Retail Price Index, the UK also produces other inflation indices such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Consumer Price Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH). While these particular indices measure consumer price increases slightly differently, they both provide an overall picture of rising prices. More specific inflation rates, such as by sector, are also produced, while other indices omit certain items, such as core inflation, which excludes food and energy inflation, to provide a more stable measure of inflation.

Retail Price Index in the United Kingdom increased to 4.50 percent in April from 3.20 percent in March of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Retail Price Index YoY- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This statistic shows the predicted change in retail prices index (RPI) in the United Kingdom (UK) between 2017 and 2023. A slight and steady decline is forecasted to occur during the period from 2018 to 2023.

France Retail Price Index (RPI) data was reported at 125.370 2015=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 125.210 2015=100 for Feb 2025. France Retail Price Index (RPI) data is updated monthly, averaging 100.100 2015=100 from Jan 2005 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 235 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 125.700 2015=100 in Aug 2023 and a record low of 88.000 2015=100 in Jan 2005. France Retail Price Index (RPI) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. The data is categorized under Global Database’s France – Table FR.I041: Retail Price Index: 2015=100. Due to the global Covid-19 pandemic, the price collection in stores other than hypermarkets and supermarkets was adjourned from mid-March 2020 to mid-June 2020, thus impacting the data quality and forcing the source to skip the data release for April, May and June 2020.

In 2023, the retail price index (RPI) in Thailand was estimated to be at 297.1 index points, indicating an increase from the previous year. Meanwhile, the retail price index (RPI) in 2011 was the lowest at 190.21 index points.

Consumer Price Index CPI in Malta increased to 125.73 points in April from 121.79 points in March of 2025. This dataset provides - Malta Consumer Price Index (CPI) - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

As of December 2023, the retail price index of tables in India was approximately 150.7 This meant, the RPI of tables had increased by 50 percent compared to the base year of 2016.

Retail prices index is a measure of inflation published monthly by the Office for National Statistics. It measures the change in the cost of a representative sample of retail goods and services.

Consumer Price Index CPI in the United States increased to 320.80 points in April from 319.80 points in March of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Consumer Price Index (CPI) - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Measures of monthly UK inflation data including CPIH, CPI and RPI. These tables complement the consumer price inflation time series dataset.

The index showed 137.1 points in 2023, which means that wholesale prices of fish and fish products increased by around 37 percent compared to prices in 2015, the index year. Prices had also increased noticeably since 2021. The index is based on a representative sample, measuring the price development of wholesale goods sold domestically, as long as these sales are attributable to wholesale functions (deals with resellers, processors or other bulk purchasers).

The Prices Survey Microdata include the underlying price data used by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) to produce the Consumer Prices Index (CPI), the Retail Prices Index (RPI) and associated price indices. The CPI has become the main domestic measure of inflation for macroeconomic purposes in the UK. Since December 2003 it has been used for the inflation target that the Bank of England is required to achieve. The RPI is the most long-standing measure of inflation in the UK, and its uses have included the indexation of pensions, state benefits and index-linked gilts. The study also includes the data underlying the Producer Prices Index.

There are four levels of sampling for local price collection: locations/shopping areas; outlets/shops within locations; representative items/goods and services; and products and varieties (price quotes).

There are two basic price collection methods: local and central. Local collection is used for most items; prices are obtained from outlets in about 150 locations around the country. Some 110,000 quotations are obtained by this method. Normally, collectors must visit the outlet, but prices for some items may be collected by telephone. Central collection is used for items where all the prices can be collected centrally by the ONS with no field work. These prices can be further sub-divided into two categories, depending on their subsequent use: 1) central shops, where the prices are combined with prices obtained locally, and 2) central items, where the prices are used on their own to construct centrally calculated indices. There are about 130 items for which the prices are collected centrally.

The retail price data include the locations containing the shopping outlets from which the price quotes were obtained. These locations are intended to be broadly representative of a central shopping area and the areas where the local shopping population tend to live. The data also include the regions in which those shopping areas are located.

Linking to other business studies
The producer prices data contain Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research.

Latest edition information
For the thirty-fifth edition (May 2024), monthly Item Indices and Price Quotes data files for January to March 2024 have been added to the study.

In 2023, the retail price index (RPI) of food retail stores in Thailand was estimated at 376.4 index points. In the same year, the retail price index (RPI) in Thailand was estimated at 297.1 points.

Germany RPI: Incl VAT: SS: CR: Games & Toys data was reported at 106.200 2020=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 105.600 2020=100 for Feb 2025. Germany RPI: Incl VAT: SS: CR: Games & Toys data is updated monthly, averaging 94.700 2020=100 from Jan 1991 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 411 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 108.900 2020=100 in Jun 2023 and a record low of 86.500 2020=100 in Jan 1991. Germany RPI: Incl VAT: SS: CR: Games & Toys data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I048: Retail Price Index: Incl VAT: 2020=100.

Inflation Rate in the United Kingdom increased to 3.50 percent in April from 2.60 percent in March of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

India Retail Price Index: Industrial Workers: 2016p: Cardamom: Big data was reported at 105.900 2016=100 in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 105.600 2016=100 for Jan 2025. India Retail Price Index: Industrial Workers: 2016p: Cardamom: Big data is updated monthly, averaging 104.700 2016=100 from Sep 2020 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 54 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 111.300 2016=100 in Feb 2023 and a record low of 70.900 2016=100 in Aug 2023. India Retail Price Index: Industrial Workers: 2016p: Cardamom: Big data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Labour Bureau. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Inflation – Table IN.IH010: Retail Price Index: Industrial Workers: 2016=100: Food & Beverages: Salt & Spices.

The Regional Price Index contrasts the cost of a common basket of goods and services at a number of regional locations to the Perth metropolitan area. The RPIs were commissioned to assist with the calculation of the Western Australian State Government’s regional district allowance, and it has been used to assist in policy decision-making. Show full description

India Retail Price Index: Industrial Workers: 2016p: Makhana data was reported at 227.900 2016=100 in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 224.700 2016=100 for Jan 2025. India Retail Price Index: Industrial Workers: 2016p: Makhana data is updated monthly, averaging 124.700 2016=100 from Sep 2020 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 54 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 227.900 2016=100 in Feb 2025 and a record low of 103.000 2016=100 in Apr 2023. India Retail Price Index: Industrial Workers: 2016p: Makhana data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Labour Bureau. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Inflation – Table IN.IH007: Retail Price Index: Industrial Workers: 2016=100: Food & Beverages: Fruits Fresh & Dry.