The inflation rate for the Retail Price Index (RPI) in the United Kingdom was 4.3 percent in May 2025, down from 4.5 percent in the previous month. From 2021 onwards, prices in the UK rose rapidly, with the RPI inflation rate peaking at 14.2 percent in October 2022. Although inflation fell in subsequent months, it wasn't until July 2023 that inflation fell below double digits, and as of late 2024, the RPI rate was still above three percent. The CPI and CPIH While the retail price index is still a popular method of calculating inflation, the consumer price index (CPI) is the current main measurement of inflation in the UK. There is also an additional price index, which includes some extra housing costs, known as the Consumer Price Index including homer occupiers' costs (CPIH) index, which is seen by the UK's Office of National Statistics as the official inflation rate. As of December 2024, the CPI inflation rate stood at 2.5 percent, while the CPIH rate was 3.5 percent. Core inflation down in 2024 Another way of measuring inflation is to strip out the volatility of energy and food prices and look at the underlying core inflation rate. As of December 2024, this was 3.2 percent, slightly higher than the overall CPI rate, but more aligned with the overall figure than it was in 2022 and 2023. When inflation peaked at 11.2 percent in October 2022, for example, core inflation stood at just 6.5 percent. After energy prices in 2023 fell relative to 2022, the overall inflation rate in the UK declined quite rapidly, with core inflation overtaking the overall rate in July 2023. During the most recent period of high inflation, core inflation peaked at 7.1 percent in May 2023, and while taking longer to fall than the overall figure, has generally been declining since then.

Inflation is an important measure of any country’s economy, and the Retail Price Index (RPI) is one of the most widely used indicators in the United Kingdom, with the rate expected to be 4.1 percent in 2025, compared with 3.6 percent in 2024. This followed 2022, when RPI inflation reached a rate of 11.6 percent, by far the highest annual rate during this provided time period. CPI vs RPI Although the Retail Price Index is a commonly utilized inflation indicator, the UK also uses a newer method of calculating inflation, the Consumer Price Index. The CPI, along with the CPIH (Consumer Price Index including owner occupiers' housing costs) are usually preferred by the UK government, but the RPI is still used in certain instances. Increases in rail fares for example, are calculated using the RPI, while increases in pension payments are calculated using CPI, when this is used as the uprating factor. The use of one inflation measure over the other can therefore have a significant impact on people’s lives in the UK. High inflation falls to more typical levels by 2024 Like the Retail Price Index, the Consumer Price Index inflation rate also reached a recent peak in October 2022. In that month, prices were rising by 11.1 percent and did not fall below double figures until April 2023. This fall was largely due to slower price increases in key sectors such as energy, which drove a significant amount of the 2022 wave of inflation. Inflation nevertheless remains elevated, fueled not only by high food inflation, but also by underlying core inflation. As of February 2025, the overall CPI inflation rate was 2.8 percent, although an uptick in inflation is expected later in the year, with a rate of 3.7 percent forecast for the third quarter of the year.

The Retail Price Index (RPI) is one of the main measures of inflation used to calculate the change in the price of goods and services within the British economy. In the first quarter of 2025 the index value was 393.7, indicating that the price for a fixed basket of goods had increased by almost 294 percent since 1987. The RPI inflation rate for March 2025 was 3.2 percent, down from 3.4 percent in the previous month. Inflation and UK living standards For UK consumers, high inflation is one of the main drivers of the ongoing cost of living crisis. With wages struggling to keep up with the pace of inflation for a long period between 2021 and 2023, UK households saw their living standards fall significantly. In 2022/23, real household disposable income in the UK is estimated to have fallen by 2.1 percent, which was the biggest fall in living standards since 1956. While there have been some signals that the crisis eased somewhat in 2024, such as falling energy and food inflation, an increasing share of UK households have reported increasing living costs since Summer 2024. Additional inflation indicators Aside from the Retail Price Index, the UK also produces other inflation indices such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Consumer Price Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH). While these particular indices measure consumer price increases slightly differently, they both provide an overall picture of rising prices. More specific inflation rates, such as by sector, are also produced, while other indices omit certain items, such as core inflation, which excludes food and energy inflation, to provide a more stable measure of inflation.

Retail Price Index in the United Kingdom increased to 4.50 percent in April from 3.20 percent in March of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Retail Price Index YoY- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

France Retail Price Index (RPI) data was reported at 125.370 2015=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 125.210 2015=100 for Feb 2025. France Retail Price Index (RPI) data is updated monthly, averaging 100.100 2015=100 from Jan 2005 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 235 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 125.700 2015=100 in Aug 2023 and a record low of 88.000 2015=100 in Jan 2005. France Retail Price Index (RPI) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. The data is categorized under Global Database’s France – Table FR.I041: Retail Price Index: 2015=100. Due to the global Covid-19 pandemic, the price collection in stores other than hypermarkets and supermarkets was adjourned from mid-March 2020 to mid-June 2020, thus impacting the data quality and forcing the source to skip the data release for April, May and June 2020.

The inflation rate for the Retail Price Index in the United Kingdom in the fourth quarter of 2022 reached 13.9 percent, before falling in the subsequent quarters. The RPI rate in the fourth quarter of 2024 was 3.5 percent, with an uptick expected in RPI inflation expected in 2025, peaking at 4.6 percent in the third quarter of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index: Retail price Index: All Items for the United Kingdom (CPRPTT01GBM661N) from Jan 1960 to Feb 2018 about United Kingdom, all items, retail, CPI, housing, price index, indexes, and price.

Germany RPI: Motor Vehicles data was reported at 104.400 1995=100 in Dec 2000. This stayed constant from the previous number of 104.400 1995=100 for Nov 2000. Germany RPI: Motor Vehicles data is updated monthly, averaging 100.300 1995=100 from Jan 1991 (Median) to Dec 2000, with 120 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 104.600 1995=100 in Sep 2000 and a record low of 88.200 1995=100 in Feb 1991. Germany RPI: Motor Vehicles data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I057: Retail Price Index: 1995=100.

Germany RPI: Non Specialized Stores data was reported at 101.600 1995=100 in Dec 2000. This records an increase from the previous number of 101.400 1995=100 for Nov 2000. Germany RPI: Non Specialized Stores data is updated monthly, averaging 100.250 1995=100 from Jan 1991 (Median) to Dec 2000, with 120 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 102.900 1995=100 in Jun 1998 and a record low of 92.900 1995=100 in Jan 1991. Germany RPI: Non Specialized Stores data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I057: Retail Price Index: 1995=100.

Germany Retail Price Index (RPI): 2000=100: Include Motor Vehicles & Fuel data was reported at 108.700 2000=100 in Mar 2009. This records an increase from the previous number of 108.500 2000=100 for Feb 2009. Germany Retail Price Index (RPI): 2000=100: Include Motor Vehicles & Fuel data is updated monthly, averaging 102.300 2000=100 from Jan 1999 (Median) to Mar 2009, with 123 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 109.200 2000=100 in Oct 2008 and a record low of 99.600 2000=100 in Aug 2000. Germany Retail Price Index (RPI): 2000=100: Include Motor Vehicles & Fuel data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I056: Retail Price Index: 2000=100. Rebased from 2000=100 to 2005=100 Replacement series ID: 215126202

Montenegro RPI: PY=100: Other Goods & Services data was reported at 101.711 Prev Year=100 in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 101.660 Prev Year=100 for Sep 2018. Montenegro RPI: PY=100: Other Goods & Services data is updated monthly, averaging 100.486 Prev Year=100 from Jan 2009 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 118 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 104.100 Prev Year=100 in Feb 2012 and a record low of 97.300 Prev Year=100 in May 2012. Montenegro RPI: PY=100: Other Goods & Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Office of Montenegro. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Montenegro – Table ME.I012: Retail Price Index: Previous Year=100.

France RPI: Others data was reported at 136.390 1998=100 in Dec 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 136.430 1998=100 for Nov 2015. France RPI: Others data is updated monthly, averaging 124.505 1998=100 from Jan 2005 (Median) to Dec 2015, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 136.430 1998=100 in Nov 2015 and a record low of 110.260 1998=100 in Jan 2005. France RPI: Others data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies. The data is categorized under Global Database’s France – Table FR.I014: Retail Price Index: 1998=100. Others are retail outlets but not large and predominantly food stores and neighborhood stores (minimarkets, maxi discount, department stores, etc.).

Germany RPI: 2005=100: IV: SS: FB: Others data was reported at 123.000 2005=100 in Dec 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 122.300 2005=100 for Nov 2012. Germany RPI: 2005=100: IV: SS: FB: Others data is updated monthly, averaging 100.600 2005=100 from Jan 1991 (Median) to Dec 2012, with 264 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 123.000 2005=100 in Dec 2012 and a record low of 92.900 2005=100 in Feb 1991. Germany RPI: 2005=100: IV: SS: FB: Others data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I051: Retail Price Index: Incl VAT: 2005=100.

Montenegro RPI: PY=100: Footwear data was reported at 106.754 Prev Year=100 in Sep 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 99.928 Prev Year=100 for Aug 2018. Montenegro RPI: PY=100: Footwear data is updated monthly, averaging 100.500 Prev Year=100 from May 2004 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 173 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 110.200 Prev Year=100 in Dec 2004 and a record low of 94.100 Prev Year=100 in Feb 2013. Montenegro RPI: PY=100: Footwear data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Office of Montenegro. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Montenegro – Table ME.I012: Retail Price Index: Previous Year=100.

France RPI: HS: Meat data was reported at 140.810 1998=100 in Dec 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 140.410 1998=100 for Nov 2015. France RPI: HS: Meat data is updated monthly, averaging 127.940 1998=100 from Jan 2005 (Median) to Dec 2015, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 140.810 1998=100 in Dec 2015 and a record low of 115.390 1998=100 in Jan 2005. France RPI: HS: Meat data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies. The data is categorized under Global Database’s France – Table FR.I014: Retail Price Index: 1998=100.

Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: SS: CR: Books data was reported at 110.100 2010=100 in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 111.100 2010=100 for Nov 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: SS: CR: Books data is updated monthly, averaging 97.650 2010=100 from Jan 1991 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 336 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 111.100 2010=100 in Nov 2018 and a record low of 77.000 2010=100 in May 1991. Germany RPI: 2010=100: IV: SS: CR: Books data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I050: Retail Price Index: Incl VAT: 2010=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100 Replacement series ID: 412821537

Germany RPI: 2005=100: EV: SS: Other Goods (OG) data was reported at 106.900 2005=100 in Dec 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 106.500 2005=100 for Nov 2012. Germany RPI: 2005=100: EV: SS: Other Goods (OG) data is updated monthly, averaging 100.700 2005=100 from Dec 2004 (Median) to Dec 2012, with 97 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 106.900 2005=100 in Dec 2012 and a record low of 98.200 2005=100 in Aug 2007. Germany RPI: 2005=100: EV: SS: Other Goods (OG) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I055: Retail Price Index: Excl VAT: 2005=100.

Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: SS: FB: Bread, Cakes, Flour & Sugar Confectionery data was reported at 117.100 2010=100 in Dec 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 117.100 2010=100 for Nov 2018. Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: SS: FB: Bread, Cakes, Flour & Sugar Confectionery data is updated monthly, averaging 104.850 2010=100 from Jan 2005 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 168 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 117.100 2010=100 in Dec 2018 and a record low of 89.300 2010=100 in May 2005. Germany RPI: 2010=100: EV: SS: FB: Bread, Cakes, Flour & Sugar Confectionery data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I054: Retail Price Index: Excl VAT: 2010=100. Rebased from 2010=100 to 2015=100 Replacement series ID: 412822057

Germany RPI: 2005=100: IV: Stalls and Markets (SM) data was reported at 118.400 2005=100 in Dec 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 117.500 2005=100 for Nov 2012. Germany RPI: 2005=100: IV: Stalls and Markets (SM) data is updated monthly, averaging 94.300 2005=100 from Jan 1991 (Median) to Dec 2012, with 264 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 118.400 2005=100 in Dec 2012 and a record low of 82.700 2005=100 in Jan 1991. Germany RPI: 2005=100: IV: Stalls and Markets (SM) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.I051: Retail Price Index: Incl VAT: 2005=100.