In 2024, the total population of Russia was around 146.1 million people. Only a fraction of them live in the major Russian cities. With almost 12.5 million inhabitants, Moscow is the largest of them. In the upcoming years until 2030, the population was forecast to decline.Russia's economy Russia is one of the major economies in the world and is one of the wealthiest nations. Following the 1998 Russian financial crisis, Russia introduced several structural reforms that allowed for a fast economic recovery. Following these reforms, Russia experienced significant economic growth from the early 2000s and improved living standards in general for the country. A reason for the momentous economical boost was the rise in commodity prices as well as a boom in the total amount of consumer credit. Additionally, Russia is highly dependent on the mining and production of natural resources, primarily in the energy department, in order to promote economic growth in the country. Due to large energy reserves throughout the country, Russia has developed a stable economy capable of sustaining itself for many years into the future. The majority of Russian oil and energy reserves are located in the Western Siberian areas. These natural gas liquids, along with oil reserves that consist of crude oil, shale oil and oil sands are constantly used for the production of consumable oil, which is an annually growing industry in Russia. Oil products are one of Russia’s primary exports and the country is able to profit entirely off of sales due to high prices as well as high demand for such goods.

Techsalerator’s Location Sentiment Data for Russia

Techsalerator’s Location Sentiment Data for Russia provides valuable insights into how people perceive various locations across the country. This dataset is essential for businesses, researchers, and policymakers looking to analyze public sentiment, social trends, and economic factors at a regional and national level.

For access to the full dataset, contact us at info@techsalerator.com or visit Techsalerator Contact Us.

Top 5 Key Data Fields

• Geographical Location – Identifies the city, region, or district for precise sentiment analysis.
• Sentiment Score – Measures positive, neutral, or negative sentiment levels using advanced NLP techniques.
• Source of Sentiment – Categorizes sentiment sources such as social media, news, reviews, and surveys.
• Timeframe of Sentiment – Provides timestamps to track sentiment shifts over time.
• Demographic Breakdown – Analyzes sentiment by age, gender, profession, and other key demographics.

Top 5 Location Sentiment Trends in Russia

• Urban vs. Rural Sentiment Divide – Larger cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg show higher economic optimism, while rural areas exhibit concerns over infrastructure and job opportunities.
• Political and Social Sentiment Variability – Public sentiment shifts in response to government policies, economic sanctions, and international relations.
• Tourism and Cultural Sentiment – Foreign visitors and locals express strong opinions about major tourist destinations, affecting travel trends.
• Consumer Behavior Insights – Sentiment data reveals trends in shopping, dining, and entertainment preferences across different regions.
• Environmental Concerns – Increasing public discussions about climate change, pollution, and sustainability, influencing governmental and corporate policies.

Top 5 Applications of Location Sentiment Data in Russia

• Market Research & Business Strategy – Helps companies understand consumer attitudes and improve location-based marketing strategies.
• Urban Planning & Development – Assists policymakers in making data-driven decisions to enhance public services and infrastructure.
• Election Campaigns & Political Analysis – Supports candidates and analysts in gauging public opinion on policies and governance.
• Crisis Management & Risk Assessment – Enables organizations to monitor sentiment fluctuations and respond to crises effectively.
• Tourism & Hospitality Industry – Provides insights into tourist satisfaction and areas for improvement in the travel sector.

Accessing Techsalerator’s Location Sentiment Data

To obtain Techsalerator’s Location Sentiment Data for Russia, contact info@techsalerator.com with your specific requirements. Techsalerator offers customized datasets based on requested fields, with delivery available within 24 hours. Ongoing access options can also be discussed.

Included Data Fields

• Geographical Location
• Sentiment Score
• Source of Sentiment
• Timeframe of Sentiment
• Demographic Breakdown
• Public Opinion on Key Topics
• Industry-Specific Sentiment Insights
• Economic Sentiment Indicators
• Tourism & Hospitality Sentiment Analysis
• Contact Information

For a comprehensive understanding of public perception and sentiment trends across Russia, Techsalerator’s dataset is a critical resource for businesses, researchers, and decision-makers.

In December 2022, Russia had nearly ******* more employees aged 60 to 69 years compared to the same month of the previous year. The employed population decreased significantly in the age groups from 20 to 34 years. The reasons for the decline were a demographic crisis and emigration.

The statistic shows the inflation rate in Russia from 1997 to 2024, with projections until 2030. The inflation rate is calculated using the price increase in a defined product basket. This product basket contains products and services, on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. They include expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities and raw materials (e.g., gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. In 2022, the average inflation rate in Russia was at about 13.75 percent compared to the previous year. Russia's economic uplift Based on economic power and economic standards, Russia is recognized as one of the biggest economic powers in the world. With a population of around 143 million people and a re-awakened population growth since 2010, Russia has tried to establish itself as one of the world’s largest economies and wealthiest nations and succeeded, being the sixth-largest economy in the world today. The gross domestic product (GDP) increase in Russia from 2009 to 2014 is also a good indicator of Russia’s economic growth and strength. After the 1998 Russian financial crisis, several reforms were introduced to the Russian economy which allowed it to recover. Not only did the Russian economy experience a great boost, but the quality of life in Russia as well as the people’s satisfaction with the direction of the country has also improved. In comparison to the previous year - with the exception of 2009 -, the Russian real gross domestic product growth rate has increased over the past decade. The trade balance of goods has been experiencing a rapid increase since the beginning of the millennium, with the exceptions of 2007 and 2009 due to the global economic crisis. This allowed Russia to export more goods than it imported. This high trade balance of goods resulted in a low inflation rate in 2012, the lowest recorded inflation rate since 2004.

The database contains the survey on the changes of gender time allocation during two waves of the coronavirus lockdown (self-isolative restrictions) in Russia. Self-isolation included shift to remote work and study, the closure of childcare facilities, restrictions of mobility, etc.

Sample information

The survey was conducted on Yandex.Survey platform. The first wave was conducted on 22-23 ^th of May, 2020, after 2 months of the beginning of first lockdown. The second wave took place on 17-19^th of November, 2020 after 1 month of the second lockdown’start.

Data was collected via online service Yandex.Survey. The platform offers a service for conducting an online survey among 50 million users of the Yandex advertising network with the ability to make a random sample, including a sample by demographic, geographic and some socio-economic characteristics.

The respondents were women of predominantly working/reproductive age (15-55) from Russia. 1411 women took part in the first wave and 1408 in the second. After cleaning data and removing outliers 2795 respondents left.

The coincidence of the distributions with the general population in terms of the main parameters (age, size of the settlement, employment, household composition) is satisfactory. The observed (insignificant) deviations are as follows: the proportion of women aged 30-43, living in cities with a population over one million has increased; decreased - at the age of 50-54 years, living in settlements with a population of less than 100 thousand people working in agriculture.

The female respondents were asked if they spend more or less time household chores and care, including: cleaning, cooking, laundry, shopping, management, child care, other care or nothing. If a woman marked, that she is living with a partner during the lockdown, she was also asked if her partner spends more or less time on each chore.

The survey also includes questions concerning the occupation type (work, work and study, study, child care leave, doesn’t work), if a woman works (or works and studies), how the lockdown effected on her job: shift to remote work, fired, paid leave, unpaid leave, no income on restrictions, continues in-person work, and if a woman lives with a partner the same question was asked considering his work on the lockdown. Further, occupational features were divided into three: income (or husband’s income) means that a woman (or her partner) has her income on the lockdown which includes remote work, in person work, paid leave; gotowork means a woman (in her partner’s case – husb_gotowork) continues in person work; and distant if a woman is working online (husb_distant for her partner). Further, we asked whether a woman has an experience of remote work: no, and it is impossible, no, but it is possible, yes. We also asked about the size and type of her employer (small, medium, large firm or state firm).

The next set of questions considers who a woman is living with on self isolation: alone, children, partner, parents, parents-in-law, others. At last, we asked respondents age, number of children and the age of the youngest child (if the number of children >0).

The database’ structure

Survey's wave variables

Social and demographic variables

age of female respondent

size of the city

number of children

the age of the youngest child

age at last birth

woman lives with her husband

woman lives with children

woman lives with children over 18 years old

woman lives with her parents

woman lives with her husband's parents

woman lives alone

woman lives with someone else

type of activity

how the lockdown effected female occupation

field of employment

type of enterprise where woman works (or does not)

there is wife's income in household

how the lockdown effected her husband's occupation

there is husband's income in household

woman's work experience at a remote location

woman has remote work in the period of lockdown

her husband has remote work in the period of lockdown

her husband has out of home work in the period of lockdown

woman has out of home work in the period of lockdown

her husband is fired or doesn't have income temporarily because of the lockdown

her husband was fired because of the lockdown

Time use variables: the changes in lockdown

WOMAN MORE

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

WOMAN LESS

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

HER HUSBAND MORE

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

HER HUSBAND LESS

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

TOGETHER MORE

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

TOGETHER LESS

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

INSTEAD MORE

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

INSTEAD LESS

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

There are English and Russian versions of variables’ description.

During exploratory data analysis we introduced features instead or together. These new features are restricted to answers of women who live with partners. Whether a woman marks that she spends less(more) time on the chore and her husband spends more(less) time on that exact type of chore, that means he does it instead of his wife. Whether both a woman and her partner spend more (less) time one the chore, it means they do it together.

The variable “type of enterprise” was built on the criteria of credibility and stability during the corona-crisis from a small to a state firm (small, medium, large, state firm). Small and medium enterprises were hit the most by the pandemic (http://doklad.ombudsmanbiz.ru/2020/7.pdf), whether large and especially state firms had more resources to maintain employment and payments.

Comprehensive dataset on Russia's energy sector, economy, and socio-economic metrics from post-Soviet era to future projections.

This dataset provides a historical and projected overview of key economic, energy, and social indicators for Russia spanning from 1991 (post-Soviet dissolution) to 2025 (including forecasts). It focuses on the oil and gas sector, which has been a cornerstone of Russia's economy, alongside broader macroeconomic and demographic metrics. The data is useful for analyzing trends in energy production, exports, fiscal dependencies, inflation, and social inequality during periods of economic transformation, crises (e.g., 1998 ruble crisis, 2014 sanctions), and recent geopolitical events. Key Features:

Time Coverage: Annual data from 1991 to 2025 (with projections for 2024-2025 based on estimates). Rows: 35 (one per year). Columns: 29, covering energy production, prices, exports, fiscal indicators, demographics, and more. File Format: CSV (UTF-8 encoded for compatibility with special characters like en-dash in tax rates). Data Sources: Compiled from public sources including Rosstat, World Bank, IMF, EIA (U.S. Energy Information Administration), and Russian Central Bank reports. Projections for 2024-2025 are estimates based on trends and may require updates. Missing Values: Some fields (e.g., early years for FDI or import volumes) are blank due to data unavailability; handle with imputation if needed.

Column Descriptions

Column Name	Description	Unit	Notes
Year	Calendar year	-	From 1991 to 2025
oil_prices(barrel/USD)	Average annual price of crude oil	USD per barrel	Brent or Urals benchmark
gas_prices(MMBtu/USD)	Average annual price of natural gas	USD per million BTU	Henry Hub or European hub prices
Oil_production_volume(million_b/y)	Annual oil production	Million barrels per year	Russian Federation total
Gas_production_volume(billion_c_m/y)	Annual gas production	Billion cubic meters per year	Includes Gazprom and independents
Oil_export_volume(million tons)	Annual oil exports	Million tons	Crude and products
Gas_export_volume(billion_c_m)	Annual gas exports	Billion cubic meters	Pipeline and LNG
Share_of_oil_and_gas_revenues(%)	Oil & gas revenues as share of federal budget	%	Dependency on energy sector
TB(billion USD)	Trade balance	Billion USD	Exports minus imports
FDI(billion USD)	Foreign direct investment inflows	Billion USD	Net inflows
Import_volume(billion USD)	Total import volume	Billion USD	Goods and services
Key_rate(%)	Central Bank key interest rate	%	Average or end-of-year
level_of_public_debt(% of GDP)	Public debt as percentage of GDP	% of GDP	General government
tock_Market_Index(MOEX Index)	MOEX Russia Index value	Index points	Year-end or average
inflation_rate(%)	Annual inflation rate (CPI-based)	%	Consumer price index change
exchange_rates(RUB/USD)	Average RUB to USD exchange rate	RUB per USD	Annual average
GNP(milliard USD)	Gross National Product	Milliard USD (billion)	Nominal
ISI(0-10)	The index of sanctions pressure	Scale 0-10	Pressure on the economy through sanctions
Migration_rate(net_migration th/p)	Net migration rate	Thousands of people	Inflows minus outflows
Gini_coefficient(%)	Gini coefficient for income inequality	%	0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality
population_size(p)	Total population	People	Mid-year estimate
unemployment_rate(%)	Unemployment rate	%	Labor force survey
per_c_i(thousands USD)	Per capita income	Thousands USD	Nominal, PPP-adjusted in some years
Non_oil_GDP(%)	Non-oil GDP share	%	GDP excluding oil/gas extraction
CPI	Consumer Price Index	Index (base year varies)	Cumulative inflation measure
Military_expenditures(% of GDP)	Military spending as % of GDP	% of GDP	SIPRI or official data
tax_rates(VAT%)	Value-Added Tax rate	%	Standard rate
tax_rates(PIT%)	Personal Income Tax rate	% or range	Flat rate or progressive brackets (e.g., "13-15")
tax_receipts(billion USD)	Total tax receipts	Billion USD	Federal budget collections

Githab rep https://github.com/AsDo001/Forecasting-of-revenues-to-the-budget-of-the-Russian-Federation

Unemployment Rate in Russia increased to 2.20 percent in September from 2.10 percent in August of 2025. This dataset provides - Russia Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

An increase in prices concerned over 60 percent of Russians in February 2022, recorded as the most worrying problem in the society. An issue of unemployment growth was named as one of the most critical by nearly three out of ten survey participants. Besides political and economic matters, the deterioration of the environmental situation and a morality crisis were named among the most worrying topics.

Attitudes towards the foreign policy situation. Germany´s international and European role. Aims and instruments of German foreign policy. International Relations. Foreign Relations of the EU. Defence and Armaments Policy.

Topics: 1. Foreign policy situation: most important problem worldwide (open); urgent problems worldwide; foreign policy interest: uncertain times in view of the global economic and political situation; expected secure future for Germany; areas of urgent need for solutions worldwide (refugees and causes of flight, climate change, the global economy and free trade, combating terrorism, peacekeeping and avoiding military conflicts); expected increase in violent conflicts worldwide; expected increase in larger waves of refugees; greater risk of terrorist attacks because of refugees in Germany; Islam as a threat to Western democracies; assessment of various conflicts and regions with regard to the potential threat to world peace.

1. Germany´s international role: opinion on Germany´s participation in conflict resolution (general and military); opinion on the participation of the Bundeswehr in international anti-terrorism operations; opinion on Germany´s influence in the world; opinion on Germany´s reputation in the world; opinion on the assertion of German interests towards other states; advocacy of permanent membership of Germany in the UN Security Council.

2. Objectives of German foreign policy: opinion on Germany´s commitment to the economic interests of German companies; Germany´s resolute commitment to democracy versus rather restraint; Germany´s resolute commitment to human rights versus rather restraint.

3. Instruments of German foreign policy: preferred instruments of human rights policy; opinion on the scope of development aid; opinion on the conditionalisation of development aid; combating the causes of flight in Africa: significantly fewer refugees through other EU development and economic policies; Germany can make a substantial contribution to combating the causes of refugee flight in Africa.

4. international relations: role of the UN in international peacekeeping; assessment of Germany´s relations with France, the USA and Russia; concerns regarding the policy of US President Trump; USA under Trump as a reliable partner of Europe; call for greater cohesion in Europe because of the policy of Donald Trump; concerns regarding the policy of Russian President Putin; too much dependence on Russian gas; assessment of Western policy towards Russia as too hostile.

5. EU external relations: importance of EU unity in foreign policy issues; expected greater EU unity in foreign policy issues; advocacy of a leading role for Germany in Europe; future world order: world power against which Europe must defend itself most strongly (China, Russia or the USA); opinion on the future involvement of the EU in the resolution of international conflicts; European security policy: preference for the establishment of a separate military organisation versus Europeans should use NATO for this purpose; advocacy of joint European armed forces under European supreme command

6. Defence policy and arms exports: opinion on increasing German defence spending to 2%; opinion on the future of NATO; opinion on the level of future spending on the Bundeswehr and defence or on military missions abroad (split half); conditions for German arms exports.

Demography: sex; age; school-leaving qualification or desired school-leaving qualification; university degree; occupation; occupational status; job security; household size; number of persons in the household aged 18 and over; party affiliation; federal state.

Additionally coded: Respondent ID; Berlin East/West; city size; reached via mobile or fixed network; weighting factor; mobile only: reached at home or elsewhere; reached via an additional fixed network number (homezone or home option) on the mobile phone; fixed network connection in the household; additional mobile phone number; fixed network: number of fixed network numbers and mobile phone numbers via which one can be reached; mobile phone ownership.

The article summarizes the historical experience of reforms in the agro-industrial complex of Russia in the transition period of the 1990-s, on the basis of which recommendations for further development of the industry are proposed. The author concludes about the crisis state of the agro-industrial complex of Russia in the mid-1990-s, caused by the long underestimation of the importance of this sphere in the socio-economic life of the country. At the beginning of perestroika, agriculture was still considered by the party-state leadership as the main source of material and demographic resources for the development of heavy industry.

Der Krisenmonitor wird vom Meinungsforschungsinstitut forsa im Auftrag des Presse- und Informationsamtes der Bundesregierung seit Kalenderwoche 1/2023 regelmäßig durchgeführt. Der Krisenmonitor ist die Fortsetzung der im Zeitraum von Kalenderwoche 13/2022 bis 50/2022 regelmäßig von forsa durchgeführten repräsentativen Bevölkerungsbefragungen Trendfragen Ukraine zum Thema Deutschland und der Ukraine-Krieg. Die einzelnen Fragengebiete wurden je nach Befragungszeitraum angepasst. Im Erhebungszeitraum 18.04.2024 bis 22.04.2024 wurde die deutschsprachige Wohnbevölkerung ab 14 Jahren in telefonischen Interviews (CATI) befragt. Die Auswahl der Befragten erfolgte durch eine mehrstufige Zufallsstichprobe. Stärke der persönlichen Belastung durch die aktuelle Situation rund um die derzeitigen Krisen in Deutschland; Entwicklungen in Deutschland, die persönlich am meisten Sorgen bereiten; persönliches Sicherheitsgefühl in Deutschland; Grund für das geringere Sicherheitsgefühl in Deutschland (zunehmende Kriminalität, bewaffnete Kriminalität, Jugendkriminalität, Ausländer und Zuwanderung, Angst in der Dunkelheit, wirtschaftliche Lage, fehlende Wahrnehmung der Bürger, politisches Geschehen, Kriege, Medienberichterstattung über Kriminalität und Verbrechen, Verrohung der Gesellschaft, fehlende Sicherheitsorgane, allgemeine Unsicherheit); Stärke der persönlichen Belastung durch den Krieg in der Ukraine und die darüber wahrgenommenen Medieninhalte; größte Verantwortung für den Konflikt zwischen der Ukraine und Russland (Russland, Ukraine, USA, NATO, alle gleichermaßen); Einschätzung von Putins Interesse an Beilegung des Krieges durch Verhandlungen; Bewertung der deutschen Reaktion auf russischen Einmarsch in die Ukraine; Auswirkung westlicher Sanktionen auf Russlands Wirtschaft. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter (gruppiert); Erwerbstätigkeit; Schulabschluss; Parteipräferenz bei der nächsten Bundestagswahl; Wahlverhalten bei der letzten Bundestagswahl; allgemeine Einschätzung des Einkommens (niedrig, mittel, hoch). Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Region; Bundesland; Gewichtungsfaktor. The Crisis Monitor has been conducted regularly by the opinion research institute forsa on behalf of the Press and Information Office of the German Federal Government since calendar week 1/2023. The Crisis Monitor is a continuation of the representative population surveys Trendquestions Ukraine on the topic of Germany and the Ukraine war conducted regularly by forsa in the period from calendar week 13/2022 to 50/2022. The individual question areas were adjusted depending on the survey period. In the survey period from 18.04.2024 to 22.04.2024, the German-speaking resident population aged 14 and older was surveyed in telephone interviews (CATI). Respondents were selected using a multistage random sample. Level of personal stress caused by the current situation surrounding the current crises in Germany; developments in Germany that cause the most personal concern; personal sense of security in Germany; reason for having less sense of security in Germany (increasing crime, armed crime, juvenile crime, foreigners and immigration, fear of the dark, economic situation, lack of awareness among citizens, politics, wars, media coverage of crime and criminal behaviour, brutalisation of society, lack of security authorities, general insecurity; level of personal stress caused by the war in Ukraine and the media content perceived about it; greatest responsibility for the conflict between Ukraine and Russia (Russia, Ukraine, USA, NATO, all equally); assessment of Putin´s interest in settling the war through negotiations; assessment of the German reaction to the Russian invasion of Ukraine; impact of Western sanctions on Russia´s economy. Demography: sex; age (grouped); employment; education; party preference in the next federal election; voting behavior in the last federal election; income level low, medium, high (net equivalent income). Additionally coded were: West/East region; federal state; weighting factor. Telephone interview: CATI Deutschsprachige Wohnbevölkerung ab 14 Jahren German-speaking resident population aged 14 and over

After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic but before social payments made by the government, over 35 percent of the Russian population living in households with children up to three years old lived under the poverty line, according to the estimates made in the second quarter of 2020. Compared to the period prior to the crisis caused by the disease spread, that share increased by roughly 10 percent. As a result of the social support program, it decreased to nearly 30 percent.

The statistic shows the total population in Canada from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. In 2024, the total population in Canada amounted to about 41.14 million inhabitants. Population of Canada Canada ranks second among the largest countries in the world in terms of area size, right behind Russia, despite having a relatively low total population. The reason for this is that most of Canada remains uninhabited due to inhospitable conditions. Approximately 90 percent of all Canadians live within about 160 km of the U.S. border because of better living conditions and larger cities. On a year to year basis, Canada’s total population has continued to increase, although not dramatically. Population growth as of 2012 has amounted to its highest values in the past decade, reaching a peak in 2009, but was unstable and constantly fluctuating. Simultaneously, Canada’s fertility rate dropped slightly between 2009 and 2011, after experiencing a decade high birth rate in 2008. Standard of living in Canada has remained stable and has kept the country as one of the top 20 countries with the highest Human Development Index rating. The Human Development Index (HDI) measures quality of life based on several indicators, such as life expectancy at birth, literacy rate, education levels and gross national income per capita. Canada has a relatively high life expectancy compared to many other international countries, earning a spot in the top 20 countries and beating out countries such as the United States and the UK. From an economic standpoint, Canada has been slowly recovering from the 2008 financial crisis. Unemployment has gradually decreased, after reaching a decade high in 2009. Additionally, GDP has dramatically increased since 2009 and is expected to continue to increase for the next several years.

Over nine percent of children in Russia were estimated to fall into poverty additionally due to the economic crisis caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, based on the analysis from 2022. Russia had the most children among Eastern European and Central Asian countries. Furthermore, five percent of the Ukrainian child population was expected to experience poverty as a result of the economic shock. The economic decline caused by the war was also projected to increase adult poverty across the region, though to a lesser extent.

Russia had approximately ***** million households in 2020. The household count increased by nearly ** thousand from the previous year. The number of households recorded in the country's cities was more than ***** times higher than in rural areas.

What is a typical household structure in Russia?

Most Russians lived in extended households, which included parents and children as well as other relatives. Slightly less than one quarter of the population resided in a household with *** parents and a child or several children. Every ***** inhabitant had a single-person household. Russia's average household size was measured at *** persons.

How high is the household income in Russia?

Russia ranked lower than other European countries by household net adjusted disposable income. In 2019, it amounted to **** thousand U.S. dollars, compared to **** thousand U.S. dollars in Germany or **** thousand U.S. dollars in Czechia. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on poverty levels in the country. Even after social benefits to support the inhabitants during the crisis were paid, nearly 30 percent of the population living in households with children under three years old found themselves under the poverty line.

Russia's COVID-19 vaccination rate reached around 129 administered doses per 100 population as of May 26, 2023. The rate of fully vaccinated residents was nearly 55.1 per 100 people. Russia’s COVID-19 vaccination rate was among the lowest in Europe.

COVID-19 vaccination in Russia

The mass vaccination against COVID-19 in Russia started at the beginning of 2021. As of May 2023, over 88 million Russians got at least one vaccine dose. Several regions, including the capital Moscow, required companies in specific industries to vaccinate at least 60 percent of their staff. Such sectors included healthcare, education, retail, and various services, among others. The restrictions were largely lifted in the spring and summer of 2022.

Attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination in Russia

When asked if they planned to get vaccinated against COVID-19, over one-quarter of Russians stated they would definitely or most probably do it, according to a survey from June 2021. Furthermore, nearly one-fifth of respondents reported being vaccinated already at that point. The most common motives to get vaccinated for Russians were to be able to travel without restrictions and not to worry about their health. The main reason behind vaccination hesitancy was a concern about the long-term consequences of COVID-19 vaccines.

The gross domestic product (GDP) of Russia reached nearly 2.2 trillion U.S. dollars in 2024, having increased from the previous year. In the period between 2025 and 2030, the country's economy was expected to continue growing. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Russian economy The Russian economy is primarily directed by both the private sector and the state. As a member of the BRIC, Russia is currently experiencing an accelerated growth within the economy with a chance of earning a place in the G7 economies. As of the 1990s, a large amount of the country’s industrial and agricultural sectors were privatized, however energy and military production remained with the state for the most part. Thus, the majority of Russian exports consisted of energy products as well as high-tech military equipment. The effects of the global financial crisis of 2008 took a similar toll on the Russian economy, however only had short-term effects. Russia recovered after two years and has since experienced exponential economic growth and productivity due to aggressive and prompt actions from the government, providing Russia with one of the most profitable economies in the world. Additionally, unemployment reached an all-decade low from the recent Russian economic boom, which furthermore implies that there is a slight growth in wages, however is also accompanied by a large worker shortage.

In 1800, the population of the area of modern-day Lithuania was estimated to be just under 780,000. Lithuania’s rate of population growth would remain largely unchanged in the 19th century, as the Russian Empire would slowly but gradually develop its border regions. While large numbers of Lithuanians would emigrate west-ward (largely to the United States) between 1867 and 1868 after a famine in the country, growth would remain largely uninterrupted until the beginning of the First World War in 1912, which would see Lithuania, like much of the Baltic region, devastated as the battleground between the German and Russian Empires. As the conflict spread, those who were not made to evacuate by orders from the Russian government would face economic turmoil under German occupation, and as a result, Lithuania’s population would fall from just under 2.9 million in 1910, to under 2.3 million by 1920.

While Lithuania’s population would start to grow once more following the end of the First World War, this growth would be short-lived, as economic turmoil from the Great Depression, and later occupation and campaigns of mass extermination in the Second World War, most notably the extermination of 95 to 97 percent of the country’s Jewish population in the Holocaust, would cause Lithuania’s population growth to stagnate throughout the 1930s and 1940s. In the years following the end of the Second World War, Lithuania’s population would steadily climb, as industrialization by the Soviet Union would lead to improved economic growth and access to health, and campaigns of mass immunization and vaccination would lead to a sharp decline in child mortality. As a result, by the 1990s, Lithuania would have a population of over 3.7 million. However, Lithuania’s population would rapidly decline in the years following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, as economic crises and mass emigration from the country, paired with sharp declines in fertility, would result in a dramatic reduction in population. As a result, in 2020, Lithuania is estimated to have a population of just over 2.7 million.

The largest share of smartphones sold in Russia in 2024 was produced by Xiaomi, at ** percent. The second-leading brand was Tecno, accounting for ** percent of the market in units. Over the course of 2024, roughly ** million smartphones were sold in Russia. Smartphone usage in Russia The device's adoption continuously increased in Russia, and the share of the population owning a smartphone was one of the highest worldwide. The number of smartphone users across the country was forecast at approximately *** million in 2029. Looking at customer affinity, Samsung is the favorite brand of these gadgets among Russians. COVID-19 impact on smartphone sales in Russia The COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in retail sales of electronics, as stores were closed during the lockdown in the second quarter of 2020. Facilitated by physical distancing, remote work and education, and entertainment services in the digital world, the demand for smartphones increased, as did their sales on major e-commerce platforms in the segment, such as M.Video, Svyaznoy, and MTS. At the same time, the crisis negatively impacted the population’s income, meaning that fewer people were able to spend money on smartphones, which resulted in a general market decline in 2020.

The Second World War had a sever impact on gender ratios across European countries, particularly in the Soviet Union. While the United States had a balanced gender ratio of one man for every woman, in the Soviet Union the ratio was below 5:4 in favor of women, and in Soviet Russia this figure was closer to 4:3.

As young men were disproportionately killed during the war, this had long-term implications for demographic development, where the generation who would have typically started families in the 1940s was severely depleted in many countries.