In 2024, the total population of Russia was around 146.1 million people. Only a fraction of them live in the major Russian cities. With almost 12.5 million inhabitants, Moscow is the largest of them. In the upcoming years until 2030, the population was forecast to decline.Russia's economy Russia is one of the major economies in the world and is one of the wealthiest nations. Following the 1998 Russian financial crisis, Russia introduced several structural reforms that allowed for a fast economic recovery. Following these reforms, Russia experienced significant economic growth from the early 2000s and improved living standards in general for the country. A reason for the momentous economical boost was the rise in commodity prices as well as a boom in the total amount of consumer credit. Additionally, Russia is highly dependent on the mining and production of natural resources, primarily in the energy department, in order to promote economic growth in the country. Due to large energy reserves throughout the country, Russia has developed a stable economy capable of sustaining itself for many years into the future. The majority of Russian oil and energy reserves are located in the Western Siberian areas. These natural gas liquids, along with oil reserves that consist of crude oil, shale oil and oil sands are constantly used for the production of consumable oil, which is an annually growing industry in Russia. Oil products are one of Russia’s primary exports and the country is able to profit entirely off of sales due to high prices as well as high demand for such goods.

As of January 1, 2025, more than 146 million people were estimated to be residing on the Russian territory, down approximately 30,000 from the previous year. From the second half of the 20th century, the population steadily grew until 1995. Furthermore, the population size saw an increase from 2009, getting closer to the 1995 figures. In which regions do most Russians live? With some parts of Russia known for their harsh climate, most people choose regions which offer more comfortable conditions. The largest share of the Russian population, or 40 million, reside in the Central Federal District. Moscow, the capital, is particularly populated, counting nearly 13 million residents. Russia’s population projections Despite having the largest country area worldwide, Russia’s population was predicted to follow a negative trend under both low and medium expectation forecasts. Under the low expectation forecast, the country’s population was expected to drop from 146 million in 2022 to 134 million in 2036. The medium expectation scenario projected a milder drop to 143 million in 2036. The issues of low birth rates and high death rates in Russia are aggravated by the increasing desire to emigrate among young people. In 2023, more than 20 percent of the residents aged 18 to 24 years expressed their willingness to leave Russia.

Both low and medium expectation set-ups forecast the population in Russia to follow a negative trend and decline between 2021 and 2036. Only under the high expectation scenario, the Russian population was predicted to increase, exceeding 150 million individuals at the beginning of 2036.

In December 2022, Russia had nearly ******* more employees aged 60 to 69 years compared to the same month of the previous year. The employed population decreased significantly in the age groups from 20 to 34 years. The reasons for the decline were a demographic crisis and emigration.

Since 1991, the governments of 15 countries, formerly integrated into a unified cultural, economic, social, and legal framework within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, have sequentially decided to secede from the union and build sovereign nation-states with independent foreign and domestic policies. The dataset has been compiled with the aim of studying the demographic policies of post-Soviet countries, including the Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Belarus, Kyrgyz Republic, and Republic of Estonia. For consistency in comparison, demographic statistics were obtained from a single source: the non-profit, non-governmental resource “Database.earth,” which bases its data on the report titled “2024 Revision of World Population Prospects” prepared by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations.The files include two tables (with corresponding charts): 1. The natural increase rate in the studied countries over the period from 1990 to 2024. 2. Urban-rural population ratio in the studied countries as of 2024. The natural increase rate is a standardized indicator that allows comparisons between different states regardless of their size or level of economic development. Private trends for individual states. 1. The Russian Federation. After a stable period of positive growth in the late 1980s, the country faced a deep crisis in the first half of the 1990s (-5.7% in 1995). By the beginning of the 21st century, dynamics stabilized, but the overall trend remains negative. Attempts to restore fertility led to temporary improvement in 2015 (+0.3%). 2. Republic of Kazakhstan. The country maintained a positive growth dynamic almost throughout the observation period. The highest peak of growth falls on the early 2010s (13.6% in 2010, 15.2% in 2015), demonstrating high rates of population reproduction. However, by the end of the observed period (2024), there is also a gradual slowdown in growth noted. 3. Republic of Belarus. The situation in Belarus is characterized by alternating positive and negative phases. The beginning of the 1990s was marked by a significant drop, followed by a weak recovery period. Nevertheless, the general tendency is towards maintaining low levels of growth, transitioning into an insignificant minus by the 2020s. 4. Kyrgyz Republic. The only country showing sustained positive values of growth over the entire study period. Although some reduction in positive figures has been observed, nevertheless, it maintains relatively high rates of natural increase (approximately +15-18%). 5. Estonian Republic. This country stands out with the strongest volatility among the reviewed states. Except for one year (2010), natural growth remained consistently negative. The significant fall was observed in the mid-1990s and continued through the first decades of the 21st century.

The statistic shows the inflation rate in Russia from 1997 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. The inflation rate is calculated using the price increase of a defined product basket. This product basket contains products and services, on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. They include expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. In 2022, the average inflation rate in Russia was at about 13.75 percent compared to the previous year. Russia's economic uplift Based on economic power and economic standards, Russia is recognized as one of the biggest economic powers in the world. With a population of around 143 million people and a re-awakened population growth since 2010, Russia has tried to establish itself as one the world’s largest economies and wealthiest nations and succeeded, being the sixth largest economy in the world today. The gross domestic product (GDP) increase in Russia from 2009 to 2014 is also a good indicator of Russia’s economic growth and strength. After the 1998 Russian financial crisis, several reforms were introduced to the Russian economy which allowed it to recover. Not only did the Russian economy experience a great boost but the quality of life in Russia as well as the people’s satisfaction with the direction of the country has also improved. In comparison to the previous year - with the exception of 2009 -, the Russian real gross domestic product growth rate has increased over the past decade. The trade balance of goods has been experiencing a rapid increase since the beginning of the millennium, with the exceptions of 2007 and 2009 due to the global economic crisis. This allowed Russia to export more goods than it imported. This high trade balance of goods resulted in a low inflation rate in 2012, the lowest recorded inflation rate since 2004.

The database contains the survey on the changes of gender time allocation during two waves of the coronavirus lockdown (self-isolative restrictions) in Russia. Self-isolation included shift to remote work and study, the closure of childcare facilities, restrictions of mobility, etc.

Sample information

The survey was conducted on Yandex.Survey platform. The first wave was conducted on 22-23 th of May, 2020, after 2 months of the beginning of first lockdown. The second wave took place on 17-19th of November, 2020 after 1 month of the second lockdown’start.

Data was collected via online service Yandex.Survey. The platform offers a service for conducting an online survey among 50 million users of the Yandex advertising network with the ability to make a random sample, including a sample by demographic, geographic and some socio-economic characteristics.

The respondents were women of predominantly working/reproductive age (15-55) from Russia. 1411 women took part in the first wave and 1408 in the second. After cleaning data and removing outliers 2795 respondents left.

The coincidence of the distributions with the general population in terms of the main parameters (age, size of the settlement, employment, household composition) is satisfactory. The observed (insignificant) deviations are as follows: the proportion of women aged 30-43, living in cities with a population over one million has increased; decreased - at the age of 50-54 years, living in settlements with a population of less than 100 thousand people working in agriculture.

The female respondents were asked if they spend more or less time household chores and care, including: cleaning, cooking, laundry, shopping, management, child care, other care or nothing. If a woman marked, that she is living with a partner during the lockdown, she was also asked if her partner spends more or less time on each chore.

The survey also includes questions concerning the occupation type (work, work and study, study, child care leave, doesn’t work), if a woman works (or works and studies), how the lockdown effected on her job: shift to remote work, fired, paid leave, unpaid leave, no income on restrictions, continues in-person work, and if a woman lives with a partner the same question was asked considering his work on the lockdown. Further, occupational features were divided into three: income (or husband’s income) means that a woman (or her partner) has her income on the lockdown which includes remote work, in person work, paid leave; gotowork means a woman (in her partner’s case – husb_gotowork) continues in person work; and distant if a woman is working online (husb_distant for her partner). Further, we asked whether a woman has an experience of remote work: no, and it is impossible, no, but it is possible, yes. We also asked about the size and type of her employer (small, medium, large firm or state firm).

The next set of questions considers who a woman is living with on self isolation: alone, children, partner, parents, parents-in-law, others. At last, we asked respondents age, number of children and the age of the youngest child (if the number of children >0).

The database’ structure

Survey's wave variables

Social and demographic variables

age of female respondent

size of the city

number of children

the age of the youngest child

age at last birth

woman lives with her husband

woman lives with children

woman lives with children over 18 years old

woman lives with her parents

woman lives with her husband's parents

woman lives alone

woman lives with someone else

type of activity

how the lockdown effected female occupation

field of employment

type of enterprise where woman works (or does not)

there is wife's income in household

how the lockdown effected her husband's occupation

there is husband's income in household

woman's work experience at a remote location

woman has remote work in the period of lockdown

her husband has remote work in the period of lockdown

her husband has out of home work in the period of lockdown

woman has out of home work in the period of lockdown

her husband is fired or doesn't have income temporarily because of the lockdown

her husband was fired because of the lockdown

Time use variables: the changes in lockdown

WOMAN MORE

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

WOMAN LESS

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

HER HUSBAND MORE

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

HER HUSBAND LESS

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

TOGETHER MORE

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

TOGETHER LESS

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

INSTEAD MORE

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

INSTEAD LESS

childcare

care

cleaning

cooking

laundry

shopping

management

nothing

There are English and Russian versions of variables’ description.

During exploratory data analysis we introduced features instead or together. These new features are restricted to answers of women who live with partners. Whether a woman marks that she spends less(more) time on the chore and her husband spends more(less) time on that exact type of chore, that means he does it instead of his wife. Whether both a woman and her partner spend more (less) time one the chore, it means they do it together.

The variable “type of enterprise” was built on the criteria of credibility and stability during the corona-crisis from a small to a state firm (small, medium, large, state firm). Small and medium enterprises were hit the most by the pandemic (http://doklad.ombudsmanbiz.ru/2020/7.pdf), whether large and especially state firms had more resources to maintain employment and payments.

An increase in prices concerned over 60 percent of Russians in February 2022, recorded as the most worrying problem in the society. An issue of unemployment growth was named as one of the most critical by nearly three out of ten survey participants. Besides political and economic matters, the deterioration of the environmental situation and a morality crisis were named among the most worrying topics.

The Crisis Monitor has been conducted regularly by the opinion research institute forsa on behalf of the Press and Information Office of the German Federal Government since calendar week 1/2023. The Crisis Monitor is a continuation of the representative population surveys Trendquestions Ukraine on the topic of Germany and the Ukraine war conducted regularly by forsa in the period from calendar week 13/2022 to 50/2022. The individual question areas were adjusted depending on the survey period. In the survey period from 18.04.2024 to 22.04.2024, the German-speaking resident population aged 14 and older was surveyed in telephone interviews (CATI). Respondents were selected using a multistage random sample.
Level of personal stress caused by the current situation surrounding the current crises in Germany; developments in Germany that cause the most personal concern; personal sense of security in Germany; reason for having less sense of security in Germany (increasing crime, armed crime, juvenile crime, foreigners and immigration, fear of the dark, economic situation, lack of awareness among citizens, politics, wars, media coverage of crime and criminal behaviour, brutalisation of society, lack of security authorities, general insecurity; level of personal stress caused by the war in Ukraine and the media content perceived about it; greatest responsibility for the conflict between Ukraine and Russia (Russia, Ukraine, USA, NATO, all equally); assessment of Putin´s interest in settling the war through negotiations; assessment of the German reaction to the Russian invasion of Ukraine; impact of Western sanctions on Russia´s economy.

Demography: sex; age (grouped); employment; education; party preference in the next federal election; voting behavior in the last federal election; income level low, medium, high (net equivalent income).

Additionally coded were: West/East region; federal state; weighting factor.

The Crisis Monitor has been conducted regularly by the opinion research institute forsa on behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government since calendar week 1/2023. The Crisis Monitor is the continuation of the representative population surveys conducted regularly by forsa from calendar week 13/2022 to 50/2022 on the topic of Germany and the war in Ukraine. The individual question areas were adjusted depending on the survey period. In the survey period from 25.11.2024 to 27.11.2024, the German-speaking resident population aged 14 and over was surveyed in telephone interviews (CATI). Respondents were selected using a multi-stage random sample.
Extent of concern about current developments in Germany, the war in Ukraine, the Middle East conflict and the USA; developments in Germany that personally cause the most concern (open question, coded answers); greatest responsibility for the continuation of the war in Ukraine (Russia, Ukraine, USA, NATO, all equally); assessment of the German reaction to the Russian invasion of Ukraine (support of Ukraine with weapons, economic sanctions against Russia, diplomatic efforts to end the war, financial support for Ukraine by Germany); assessment of Putin´s interest in settling the war through negotiations.

Demography: sex; age (grouped); employment; education; party preference in the next federal election; voting behavior in the last federal election; income situation low, medium, high (net equivalent income).

Additionally coded were: West/East region; federal state; weighting factor.

Unemployment Rate in Russia remained unchanged at 2.30 percent in April. This dataset provides - Russia Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The performance of the Textile Preparation and Spinning industry in the EU primarily hinges on demand from key manufacturing sectors, like clothing and soft furnishings. Also, the cost of inputs, like wool and cotton, is pivotal in determining the industry's profitability. The industry has been experiencing a long-term drop recently, induced by factors like inflation and the climate crisis, leading to widespread concern. However, this trend can reverse as the industry gradually focuses on recyclable and organic materials. Industry revenue is expected to drop at a compound annual rate of 5.7% over the five years through 2024 to £22.3 billion – including an estimated 2% slump in the current year. Consumers increasingly demand environmentally friendly yarn because of the significant consumption of water and chemicals in producing raw materials and their transformation into fibres. Pesticides are often used extensively in the cultivation of cotton and other materials. Consequently, many industries invest in research and development to serve this emerging niche market. However, textile manufacturers face escalating competition from developing countries, where regulatory and labour costs are lower, resulting in a diminishing demand for domestically produced textiles. In response, manufacturers have begun focusing more on supplying the automotive and home furnishings markets to mitigate a more rapid drop in revenue. Consumers often associate European-manufactured products with higher price tags. As a result, businesses in the textile preparation and spinning industry must strategically adjust their marketing budgets to target new demographics of potential customers. Even so, manufacturers will continue experiencing substantial competition from low-cost imports. Industry revenue is expected to ascend at a compound annual rate of 4.3% over the five years through 2029 to £27.5 billion.

Dataset Card for Russia Ukraine Conflict

  Dataset Summary

Context

On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War that began in 2014. The invasion caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II, with more than 6.3 million Ukrainians fleeing the country and a third of the population displaced (Source: Wikipedia).

Content

This dataset is a collection of 407 news articles from NYT and Guardians related to ongoing… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/hugginglearners/russia-ukraine-conflict-articles.

The largest share of smartphones imported into Russia in 2022 was produced by Xiaomi, at 30 percent. The second leading brand was Realme, accounting for 16 percent of the shipments in units. Over the course of 2022, 24 million smartphones were sold in Russia.

Smartphone usage in Russia

The device's adoption continuously increased in Russia, and the share of the population owning a smartphone was one of the highest worldwide. The number of smartphone users across the country was forecast at approximately 115 million in 2025. Looking at customer affinity, Samsung was the favorite brand of those gadgets among Russians. In 2022, 86 percent of consumers were very satisfied or satisfied with their smartphone brand.

COVID-19 impact on smartphone sales in Russia

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in retail sales of electronics, as stores were closed during the lockdown in the second quarter of 2020. Facilitated by physical distancing, remote work and education, and entertainment services in the digital world, the demand for smartphones increased, as did their sales on major e-commerce platforms in the segment, such as M.Video, Svyaznoy, and MTS. At the same time, the crisis negatively impacted the population’s income, meaning that less people were able to spend money on smartphones, which resulted in a general market decline in 2020.

Inflation Rate in Russia decreased to 9.90 percent in May from 10.20 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - Russia Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The article summarizes the historical experience of reforms in the agro-industrial complex of Russia in the transition period of the 1990-s, on the basis of which recommendations for further development of the industry are proposed. The author concludes about the crisis state of the agro-industrial complex of Russia in the mid-1990-s, caused by the long underestimation of the importance of this sphere in the socio-economic life of the country. At the beginning of perestroika, agriculture was still considered by the party-state leadership as the main source of material and demographic resources for the development of heavy industry.

IntroductionIn addition to the health crisis that erupted during the COVID-19 pandemic, the war between Russia and Ukraine is impacting the mental health and wellbeing of the Romanian population in a negative way.ObjectivesThis study sets out to investigate the impact that social media consumption and an overload of information related to the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine is having on the distribution of fake news among Romanians. In addition, it explores the way in which several psychological features, including resilience, general health, perceived stress, coping strategies, and fear of war, change as a function of exposure to traumatic events or interaction with victims of war.MethodsParticipants (N = 633) completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the CERQ scale with its nine subscales, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the BRS scale (Brief Resilience Scale), the last of which measures resilience. Information overload, information strain and the likelihood of the person concerned spreading fake news were assessed by adapting items related to these variables.FindingsOur results suggest that information strain partially moderates the relationship between information overload and the tendency to spread false information. Also, they indicate that information strain partially moderates the relationship between time spent online and the tendency to spread false information. Furthermore, our findings imply that there are differences of high and moderate significance between those who worked with refugees and those who did not as regards fear of war and coping strategies. We found no practical differences between the two groups as regards general health, level of resilience and perceived stress.Conclusion and recommendationsThe importance of discovering the reasons why people share false information is discussed, as is the need to adopt strategies to combat this behavior, including infographics and games designed to teach people how to detect fake news. At the same time, aid workers need to be further supported to maintain a high level of psychological wellbeing.

Attitudes towards the foreign policy situation. Germany´s international and European role. Aims and instruments of German foreign policy. International Relations. Foreign Relations of the EU. Defence and Armaments Policy.

Topics: 1. Foreign policy situation: most important problem worldwide (open); urgent problems worldwide; foreign policy interest: uncertain times in view of the global economic and political situation; expected secure future for Germany; areas of urgent need for solutions worldwide (refugees and causes of flight, climate change, the global economy and free trade, combating terrorism, peacekeeping and avoiding military conflicts); expected increase in violent conflicts worldwide; expected increase in larger waves of refugees; greater risk of terrorist attacks because of refugees in Germany; Islam as a threat to Western democracies; assessment of various conflicts and regions with regard to the potential threat to world peace.

1. Germany´s international role: opinion on Germany´s participation in conflict resolution (general and military); opinion on the participation of the Bundeswehr in international anti-terrorism operations; opinion on Germany´s influence in the world; opinion on Germany´s reputation in the world; opinion on the assertion of German interests towards other states; advocacy of permanent membership of Germany in the UN Security Council.

2. Objectives of German foreign policy: opinion on Germany´s commitment to the economic interests of German companies; Germany´s resolute commitment to democracy versus rather restraint; Germany´s resolute commitment to human rights versus rather restraint.

3. Instruments of German foreign policy: preferred instruments of human rights policy; opinion on the scope of development aid; opinion on the conditionalisation of development aid; combating the causes of flight in Africa: significantly fewer refugees through other EU development and economic policies; Germany can make a substantial contribution to combating the causes of refugee flight in Africa.

4. international relations: role of the UN in international peacekeeping; assessment of Germany´s relations with France, the USA and Russia; concerns regarding the policy of US President Trump; USA under Trump as a reliable partner of Europe; call for greater cohesion in Europe because of the policy of Donald Trump; concerns regarding the policy of Russian President Putin; too much dependence on Russian gas; assessment of Western policy towards Russia as too hostile.

5. EU external relations: importance of EU unity in foreign policy issues; expected greater EU unity in foreign policy issues; advocacy of a leading role for Germany in Europe; future world order: world power against which Europe must defend itself most strongly (China, Russia or the USA); opinion on the future involvement of the EU in the resolution of international conflicts; European security policy: preference for the establishment of a separate military organisation versus Europeans should use NATO for this purpose; advocacy of joint European armed forces under European supreme command

6. Defence policy and arms exports: opinion on increasing German defence spending to 2%; opinion on the future of NATO; opinion on the level of future spending on the Bundeswehr and defence or on military missions abroad (split half); conditions for German arms exports.

Demography: sex; age; school-leaving qualification or desired school-leaving qualification; university degree; occupation; occupational status; job security; household size; number of persons in the household aged 18 and over; party affiliation; federal state.

Additionally coded: Respondent ID; Berlin East/West; city size; reached via mobile or fixed network; weighting factor; mobile only: reached at home or elsewhere; reached via an additional fixed network number (homezone or home option) on the mobile phone; fixed network connection in the household; additional mobile phone number; fixed network: number of fixed network numbers and mobile phone numbers via which one can be reached; mobile phone ownership.

As of September 2019, the majority of Russians believed there was an economic crisis in the country. Approximately a quarter of the respondents found no signs of crisis at the moment. The highest share of the population convinced of the crisis was observed in 2016 at 76 percent.

The Russian government allocated nearly 640 billion Russian rubles to support small- and medium-sized businesses, individual enterprises, and self-employed in 2020 due to COVID-19 and its negative impact on the economy. Furthermore, almost 500 billion Russian rubles were planned to be spent on that sector in the following year. The total financial assistance to the population suffering from the pandemic exceeded 869 billion Russian rubles in 2020 and 2021.