This statistic shows the evolution of affiliation to different religiouns in Russia between 2010 and 2050. In 2010, over 70 percent of the Russian population identified themselves as Christians. However, this amount is expected to shrink gradually in the coming years. Muslims were the second largest group of believers after Christians and their number is expected to grow steadily. Christianity is still forecast to be the strongly dominant religion of the country.

This statistic displays the opinions of Russians on whether people of different religious identities are a real Russian or not. According to the survey conducted by Ipsos a majority of respondents thought that Christians and Atheists were real Russians, with a plurality considering Muslims and Buddhists to be real Russians.

In 2019, Muslim households in Russia had the highest average number of people per household, measuring at 3.6. Christian households in the country had the smallest average size, at 3.1 people per household.

ethnic groups in Russia. name, image, country of origin, continent of origin, Language, Religion, religion, population

Two dominant explanations for ethnic bias in distributional outcomes are electoral incentives and outgroup prejudice. The paper proposes a novel, complementary explanation for this phenomenon: variation in legibility across ethnic groups. I argue that states will allocate fewer resources to groups from which they cannot gather accurate information and collect taxes. I support this argument using original data on state aid during the 1891-92 famine in the Russian Empire. Qualitative and quantitative analyses show that districts with a larger Muslim population experienced higher famine mortality, but received less generous public assistance. Historically ruled via religious intermediaries, the Muslims were less legible and generated lower fiscal revenues. State officials could not guarantee the repayment of food loans or collect tax arrears from Muslim communes, so they were more likely to withhold aid. State relief did not vary with the presence of other minorities, which were more legible and generated more revenue.

Between Oct. 14, 2014, and May 21, 2015, Pew Research Center, with generous funding from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the Neubauer Family Foundation, completed 5,601 face-to-face interviews with non-institutionalized adults ages 18 and older living in Israel.

The survey sampling plan was based on six districts defined in the 2008 Israeli census. In addition, Jewish residents of West Bank (Judea and Samaria) were included.

The sample includes interviews with 3,789 respondents defined as Jews, 871 Muslims, 468 Christians and 439 Druze. An additional 34 respondents belong to other religions or are religiously unaffiliated. Five groups were oversampled as part of the survey design: Jews living in the West Bank, Haredim, Christian Arabs, Arabs living in East Jerusalem and Druze.

Interviews were conducted under the direction of Public Opinion and Marketing Research of Israel (PORI). Surveys were administered through face-to-face, paper and pencil interviews conducted at the respondent's place of residence. Sampling was conducted through a multi-stage stratified area probability sampling design based on national population data available through the Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics' 2008 census.

The questionnaire was designed by Pew Research Center staff in consultation with subject matter experts and advisers to the project. The questionnaire was translated into Hebrew, Russian and Arabic, independently verified by professional linguists conversant in regional dialects and pretested prior to fieldwork.

The questionnaire was divided into four sections. All respondents who took the survey in Russian or Hebrew were branched into the Jewish questionnaire (Questionnaire A). Arabic-speaking respondents were branched into the Muslim (Questionnaire B), Christian (Questionnaire C) or Druze questionnaire (D) based on their response to the religious identification question. For the full question wording and exact order of questions, please see the questionnaire.

Note that not all respondents who took the questionnaire in Hebrew or Russian are classified as Jews in this study. For further details on how respondents were classified as Jews, Muslims, Christians and Druze in the study, please see sidebar in the report titled "http://www.pewforum.org/2016/03/08/israels-religiously-divided-society/" Target="_blank">"How Religious are Defined".

Following fieldwork, survey performance was assessed by comparing the results for key demographic variables with population statistics available through the census. Data were weighted to account for different probabilities of selection among respondents. Where appropriate, data also were weighted through an iterative procedure to more closely align the samples with official population figures for gender, age and education. The reported margins of sampling error and the statistical tests of significance used in the analysis take into account the design effects due to weighting and sample design.

In addition to sampling error and other practical difficulties, one should bear in mind that question wording also can have an impact on the findings of opinion polls.

The Finnish Constitution guarantees freedom of religion and freedom of conscience. More than 65 percent of the inhabitants in Finland were part of the Christian community in 2023. The largest Christian community in Finland is the Evangelical Lutheran Church, followed by the Orthodox Church. However, around 1.88 million people were not members of any religious community. People from other religious groups amounted to roughly 20,500, followed by 24,057 from the Muslim community.

Immigration to Finland

While the number of immigrants to Finland remained below 35 thousand in the past decade, this number has started to increase noticeably since 2021. As of 2022, almost 50 thousand people immigrated to Finland, almost 73 percent more compared to the previous year. The significant increase in immigrants was caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine which started on February 24, 2022. That year, over six thousand people immigrated to Finland from Russia, over twice as many as in the previous year.

The Finnish population is aging

While the number of individuals belonging to the younger age groups in Finland declined from 2018 to 2023, the age group of 60 years and older continued to increase. By the end of 2023, its size was over 1.6 million. The growing number of individuals aged 60 or older reflects the change towards an older population structure of the country. In total, the population of Finland amounted to roughly 5.6 million as of 2023. The largest age groups were 20- to 39-year-olds, and 40- to 59-year-olds, which together made up over half of the population.

Russia Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership data was reported at 159.863 Person th in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 164.439 Person th for 2016. Russia Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership data is updated yearly, averaging 403.800 Person th from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 700.000 Person th in 1991 and a record low of 159.863 Person th in 2017. Russia Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GB019: Employment: by Type of Ownership and Region.

The article examines the participation and assistance of the Orthodox Church in solving problems that allowed to give a scientific justification for the cooperation of health care and Orthodox religious institutions, to determine their role in the historical context and structure of modern healthcare in Russia. The article presents an algorithm for organizing sisters of mercy, their system of upbringing. Particular attention is given to the possibility of teaching the course "Foundations of Orthodox Culture" in secular educational institutions. Research materials can serve as a basis for the formation of morally sound positions of medical workers and the population on the main problems of medical activity. Based on the study, the authors published a series of articles in which the experience of the work of the Orthodox Church in the charitable sphere has been summarized. This experience can be used to create new charitable institutions, including those who provided medical assistance. In preparing the article, the authors used concrete historical, civilizational, formational and social methods of research that allowed us to uncover facts, phenomena and processes in the interconnection and unity of the past, present and future.

Methods The study was conducted in the methodological field of the sociology of medicine. The research program was of a multistage nature and provided for the use of a methodology based on traditional methods of socio-hygienic, medical-organizational and historical-analytical nature, adapted to the specifics of the purposes followed by statistical processing and data analysis. In the work to achieve the goal and implement research tasks, a number of methods of concrete sociology are offered: a survey, in-depth interviews, expert interviews, content analysis, a biographical method3. The organizational chart of the interaction of Orthodox organizations and bodies of practical health, developed in this article, is based on historical traditions of the charitable activities of the Russian Orthodox Church. This scheme takes into account modern socio-economic realities. This scheme proved to be effective in the organization of medical care and can serve as a basic model for the development of cooperation between the Church and medical institutions. Given the deep historical evidence of the important role of Orthodox Christianity in preserving health and creating a healthy lifestyle for the population, it should be recognized that the development of special programs for cooperation between medical organizations and the Church is justified in modern conditions.

Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: Far East Federal District (FE) data was reported at 5.004 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.303 Person th for 2022. Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: Far East Federal District (FE) data is updated yearly, averaging 6.431 Person th from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2023, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.300 Person th in 1999 and a record low of 4.303 Person th in 2022. Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: Far East Federal District (FE) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GB019: Employment: by Type of Ownership and Region.

Russia Number of Registered New Enterprises: per 1000 Existing: RO: Civil & Religious data was reported at 3.500 Unit in Nov 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.100 Unit for Oct 2018. Russia Number of Registered New Enterprises: per 1000 Existing: RO: Civil & Religious data is updated monthly, averaging 4.300 Unit from Jun 1999 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 234 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.700 Unit in Dec 1999 and a record low of 1.700 Unit in Jan 2005. Russia Number of Registered New Enterprises: per 1000 Existing: RO: Civil & Religious data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OC002: Number of Registered New Enterprises: by Type of Ownership.

The results of the survey revealed that 40 percent of atheists in Russia planned to celebrate Orthodox Christmas on January 7, 2020. Among the Orthodox community, this share amounted to 86 percent.

Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: Central Federal District (CF) data was reported at 45.431 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 43.408 Person th for 2022. Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: Central Federal District (CF) data is updated yearly, averaging 64.468 Person th from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2023, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 160.300 Person th in 2000 and a record low of 42.745 Person th in 2020. Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: Central Federal District (CF) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GB019: Employment: by Type of Ownership and Region.

The Social Hostility index in Russia reached 3.9 out of 10 points in 2021, having increased from the previous year. The Government Restrictions index declined slightly to 8.3 out of 10 points. That corresponded to the "very high" level of restrictions, according to the study methodology. The two indices look at religious restrictions around the world.

Number of Liquidated Enterprises: Russian Ownership: Civil & Religious data was reported at 866.000 Unit in Nov 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 703.000 Unit for Oct 2018. Number of Liquidated Enterprises: Russian Ownership: Civil & Religious data is updated monthly, averaging 700.000 Unit from Jun 1999 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 234 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,932.000 Unit in Mar 2007 and a record low of 115.000 Unit in Feb 2003. Number of Liquidated Enterprises: Russian Ownership: Civil & Religious data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OC012: Number of Liquidated Enterprises: by Type of Ownership.

The world's Jewish population has had a complex and tumultuous history over the past millennia, regularly dealing with persecution, pogroms, and even genocide. The legacy of expulsion and persecution of Jews, including bans on land ownership, meant that Jewish communities disproportionately lived in urban areas, working as artisans or traders, and often lived in their own settlements separate to the rest of the urban population. This separation contributed to the impression that events such as pandemics, famines, or economic shocks did not affect Jews as much as other populations, and such factors came to form the basis of the mistrust and stereotypes of wealth (characterized as greed) that have made up anti-Semitic rhetoric for centuries. Development since the Middle Ages The concentration of Jewish populations across the world has shifted across different centuries. In the Middle Ages, the largest Jewish populations were found in Palestine and the wider Levant region, with other sizeable populations in present-day France, Italy, and Spain. Later, however, the Jewish disapora became increasingly concentrated in Eastern Europe after waves of pogroms in the west saw Jewish communities move eastward. Poland in particular was often considered a refuge for Jews from the late-Middle Ages until the 18th century, when it was then partitioned between Austria, Prussia, and Russia, and persecution increased. Push factors such as major pogroms in the Russian Empire in the 19th century and growing oppression in the west during the interwar period then saw many Jews migrate to the United States in search of opportunity.

Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: SB: Novosibirsk Region data was reported at 1.761 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.449 Person th for 2022. Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: SB: Novosibirsk Region data is updated yearly, averaging 2.885 Person th from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2023, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.700 Person th in 2003 and a record low of 1.449 Person th in 2022. Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: SB: Novosibirsk Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GB019: Employment: by Type of Ownership and Region.

Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: FE: Jewish Autonomous Region data was reported at 0.112 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.099 Person th for 2022. Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: FE: Jewish Autonomous Region data is updated yearly, averaging 0.204 Person th from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2023, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.000 Person th in 2000 and a record low of 0.099 Person th in 2022. Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: FE: Jewish Autonomous Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GB019: Employment: by Type of Ownership and Region.

In 1800, the population of the modern-day territory of Iran was approximately 6.3 million. This figure would see modest growth throughout the 19th century, as several wars and a mass famine in 1870-1871 (modern estimates put its death toll at around 1.5 million people) were largely balanced out by a surge in migration to Iran; this migration came as the Russian Empire expanded into the Caucuses, and caused a wave of refugees to flee southwards to avoid forced expulsion and ethnic cleansing in the North Caucasus region, particularly from 1864 onwards. As a result, the population of Iran reached ten million by the turn of the 20th century.

Twentieth century growth Iran’s population would begin to grow rapidly in the 20th century, as the discovery of oil in the country in 1908 led to an economic boom, and the socio-economic reforms implemented under Reza Shah would see a number of medical and healthcare advancements across the country. Although unpopular with religious fundamentalists, Reza Shah's reforms had long-term influence on the demographic development of Iran, even after his abdication in 1941. Following the Second World War, Iran became increasingly westernized and developed relatively strong relations with the U.S.; however, western influence, economic imbalances and the oppression of the Mohammed Reza Shah's regime became the driving forces behind the Iranian Revolution, which was one of the most significant moments in the history of the region.

Growth after the Revolution The 1979 Iranian Revolution saw the removal of the Shah and an end to Iran's so called westernization; the monarchy was replaced by an Islamic, theocratic regime led by the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. During Khomeini's decade in charge he oversaw Iran's transition into an Islamic Republic, which implemented radical political and cultural changes in the country, and this coincided with an increased population growth rate in the 1980s. This growth was promoted by the Iranian government, who encouraged a baby boom during the Iran–Iraq War between 1980 and 1988, as part of an effort to increase future Iranian military manpower. As a result of this strategy, the population of Iran would grow from approximately 38.6 million in 1980 to over 56 million just a decade later. Following the implementation of a UN-brokered ceasefire in 1988, population growth in Iran would slow, as economic sanctions and government implementation of family planning policies would lead to a drop in fertility. Population growth has continued steadily into the 21st century, however, and in 2020, Iran is estimated to have a population of 84 million.

Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: CF: Bryansk Region data was reported at 0.979 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.914 Person th for 2022. Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: CF: Bryansk Region data is updated yearly, averaging 2.230 Person th from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2023, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.200 Person th in 1995 and a record low of 0.914 Person th in 2022. Employment: Full Time: Period Avg: Civil & Religious Ownership: CF: Bryansk Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GB019: Employment: by Type of Ownership and Region.