In 2024, **** million people in Russia lived below the poverty line, marking a considerable decrease compared to the previous year. The number of Russian residents that earned an income below the subsistence minimum was nearly ** million higher in 2000. What percentage of Russians live in poverty? Looking at annual figures, Russia’s poverty rate has declined since 2015, when it exceeded ** percent. Over ***** percent of the population of Russia lived below the national poverty line in 2024. Several other Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, such as Bulgaria, Romania, and Latvia, reported higher poverty rates. Subsistence minimum in Russia Starting from January 1, 2025, the monthly per capita subsistence minimum in Russia stood at ****** Russian rubles for the working-age population and at ****** Russian rubles on average. That figure includes the cost of essential goods, such as food products, clothing, and medicines, and services, such as utilities and transportation expenses. The subsistence minimum was lower than the average wage in Russia, which was set at ****** Russian rubles from January 1, 2025.

In 2024, over ***** percent of the resident population of Russia lived below the poverty line. The share of Russians earning less than the subsistence minimum has decreased since 2015.

Historical dataset showing Russia poverty rate by year from 1993 to 2021.

In 2020, the poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines in Russia stood at 12.1 percent. Between 2000 and 2020, the figure dropped by 16.9 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory.

Russia Proportion of Population Pushed Below the $2.15: Poverty Line by Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2017 PPP: % data was reported at 0.000 % in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.010 % for 2013. Russia Proportion of Population Pushed Below the $2.15: Poverty Line by Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2017 PPP: % data is updated yearly, averaging 0.020 % from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2014, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.100 % in 1999 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2014. Russia Proportion of Population Pushed Below the $2.15: Poverty Line by Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2017 PPP: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. This indicator shows the fraction of a country’s population experiencing out-of-pocket health impoverishing expenditures, defined as expenditures without which the household they live in would have been above the $ 2.15 poverty line, but because of the expenditures is below the poverty line. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).;Global Health Observatory. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. (https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/financial-protection);Weighted average;This indicator is related to Sustainable Development Goal 3.8.2 [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].

Poverty rate at $3.2 a day of Russian Federation shot up by 33.33% from 0.30 % in 2020 to 0.40 % in 2021. Since the 50.00% slump in 2018, poverty rate at $3.2 a day remained stable by 0.00% in 2021. Population below $3.1 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.1 a day at 2005 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

Russia RU: Increase in Poverty Gap at $3.20: Poverty Line Due To Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2011 PPP: % of Poverty Line data was reported at 0.002 % in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.010 % for 2013. Russia RU: Increase in Poverty Gap at $3.20: Poverty Line Due To Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2011 PPP: % of Poverty Line data is updated yearly, averaging 0.024 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2014, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.092 % in 1999 and a record low of 0.002 % in 2014. Russia RU: Increase in Poverty Gap at $3.20: Poverty Line Due To Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure: 2011 PPP: % of Poverty Line data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Increase in poverty gap at $3.20 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure, as a percentage of the $3.20 poverty line. The poverty gap increase due to out-of-pocket health spending is one way to measure how much out-of-pocket health spending pushes people below or further below the poverty line (the difference in the poverty gap due to out-of-pocket health spending being included or excluded from the measure of household welfare). This difference corresponds to the total out-of-pocket health spending for households that are already below the poverty line, to the amount that exceeds the shortfall between the poverty line and total consumption for households that are impoverished by out-of-pocket health spending and to zero for households whose consumption is above the poverty line after accounting for out-of-pocket health spending.; ; World Health Organization and World Bank. 2019. Global Monitoring Report on Financial Protection in Health 2019.; Weighted average;

Russia Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: World Bank: % of total population data was reported at 5.000 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.600 % for 2019. Russia Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: World Bank: % of total population data is updated yearly, averaging 4.050 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2020, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.000 % in 2020 and a record low of 0.300 % in 2010. Russia Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: World Bank: % of total population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (World Bank) is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to the World Bank's Multidimensional Poverty Measure. The Multidimensional Poverty Measure includes three dimensions – monetary poverty, education, and basic infrastructure services – to capture a more complete picture of poverty.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

The poverty rate in Russia was expected to steadily decrease over the coming years, however coronavirus pandemic might affect this trend depending on the intensity of the crisis caused by thereof. In case of severe shock figures are projected to reach levels equivalent to that of 2019 only in 2022. However, if the shock will be moderate, the indicator is estimated to keep dropping without significant distortions.

0.0 (%) in 2018. Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $1.90 a day at 2011 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

Russia RU: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $6.85 a Day: 2017 PPP: % of Population data was reported at 2.000 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.700 % for 2020. Russia RU: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $6.85 a Day: 2017 PPP: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 2.800 % from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2021, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.500 % in 2016 and a record low of 1.700 % in 2020. Russia RU: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $6.85 a Day: 2017 PPP: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Poverty headcount ratio at $6.85 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $6.85 a day at 2017 international prices.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Over nine percent of children in Russia were estimated to fall into poverty additionally due to the economic crisis caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, based on the analysis from 2022. Russia had the most children among Eastern European and Central Asian countries. Furthermore, five percent of the Ukrainian child population was expected to experience poverty as a result of the economic shock. The economic decline caused by the war was also projected to increase adult poverty across the region, though to a lesser extent.

Poverty ratio at national poverty line of Russian Federation declined by 4.55% from 13.2 % in 2017 to 12.6 % in 2018. Since the 18.75% jump in 2015, poverty ratio at national poverty line slumped by 5.26% in 2018. National poverty headcount ratio is the percentage of the population living below the national poverty lines. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys.

RU: Poverty Gap at $6.85 a Day: 2017 PPP: % data was reported at 0.600 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.400 % for 2020. RU: Poverty Gap at $6.85 a Day: 2017 PPP: % data is updated yearly, averaging 0.800 % from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2021, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.100 % in 2015 and a record low of 0.400 % in 2020. RU: Poverty Gap at $6.85 a Day: 2017 PPP: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Poverty gap at $6.85 a day (2017 PPP) is the mean shortfall in income or consumption from the poverty line $6.85 a day (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Between 1987 and 1988, just three percent of the population in Central and Eastern Europe lived below the poverty level; between 1993 and 1995, this had increased to one quarter of the population. This drastic shift came as a result of communism's end in Europe, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In Russia alone, just two percent of the population lived in poverty in 1989, but this rose to 23.8 percent in 1998.

0.4 (%) in 2018. Poverty headcount ratio at $3.20 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.20 a day at 2011 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic but before social payments made by the government, over 35 percent of the Russian population living in households with children up to three years old lived under the poverty line, according to the estimates made in the second quarter of 2020. Compared to the period prior to the crisis caused by the disease spread, that share increased by roughly 10 percent. As a result of the social support program, it decreased to nearly 30 percent.

Key information about Russia Household Income per Capita

• Russia Annual Household Income per Capita reached 8,179.123 USD in Dec 2024, compared with the previous value of 7,549.747 USD in Dec 2023.
• Russia Annual Household Income per Capita data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1992 to Dec 2024, with an averaged value of 5,882.623 USD.
• The data reached an all-time high of 9,660.697 USD in Dec 2013 and a record low of 183.584 USD in Dec 1992.
• In the latest reports, Retail Sales of Russia grew 5.200 % YoY in Dec 2024.

The Russian government allocated nearly 640 billion Russian rubles to support small- and medium-sized businesses, individual enterprises, and self-employed in 2020 due to COVID-19 and its negative impact on the economy. Furthermore, almost 500 billion Russian rubles were planned to be spent on that sector in the following year. The total financial assistance to the population suffering from the pandemic exceeded 869 billion Russian rubles in 2020 and 2021.

Abstract

The World Bank Group is interested in gauging the views of clients and partners who are either involved in development in Russia or who observe activities related to social and economic development. The World Bank Group Country Opinion Survey will give the World Bank Group's team that works in Russia, greater insight into how the Bank's work is perceived. This is one tool the World Bank Group uses to assess the views of its stakeholders, and to develop more effective strategies that support development in Russia.

The survey was designed to achieve the following objectives: - Assist the World Bank Group in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Russia perceive the World Bank Group; - Obtain systematic feedback from stakeholders in Russia regarding: · Their views regarding the general environment in Russia; · Their overall attitudes toward the World Bank Group in Russia; · Overall impressions of the World Bank Group’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Russia; · Perceptions of the World Bank Group’s future role in Russia. - Use data to help inform Russia country team’s strategy.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Stakeholder

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In February-June 2014, 393 stakeholders of the World Bank Group in Russia were invited to provide their opinions on the World Bank Group's assistance to the country by participating in a country survey. Participants in the survey were drawn from the office of the President; the office of the Prime Minister; office of a minister; office of a parliamentarian; ministries, ministerial departments, or implementation agencies; consultants/contractors working on World Bank Group-supported projects/programs; project management units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of a project; local government officials; bilateral and multilateral agencies; private sector companies; private foundations; the financial sector/private banks; NGOs; community based organizations; the media; independent government institutions; trade unions; academia/research institutes/think tanks; the judiciary branch; and other organizations.

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Research instrument

The questionnaire consists of 9 Sections:

A. General Issues Facing Russia: Respondents were asked to indicate whether Russia is headed in the right direction, what they thought were the top three most important development priorities in the country, which areas would contribute most to reducing poverty and generating economic growth in Russia, and how “shared prosperity” would be best achieved in Russia.

B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group (WBG): Respondents were asked to rate their familiarity with the WBG, the WBG’s effectiveness in Russia, WBG staff preparedness to help Russia solve its development challenges, their agreement with various statements regarding the WBG’s work, and the extent to which the WBG is an effective development partner. Respondents were asked to indicate the WBG’s greatest values and weaknesses, the most effective instruments in helping reduce poverty in Russia, with which stakeholder groups the WBG should collaborate more, in which sectoral areas the WBG should focus most of its resources (financial and knowledge services), and to what reasons respondents attributed failed or slow reform efforts.

C. World Bank Group’s Effectiveness and Results: Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which the WBG’s work helps achieve development results in Russia, the extent to which the WBG meets Russia’s needs for knowledge services and financial instruments, and the WBG’s level of effectiveness across thirty-three development areas, such as economic growth, governance, private sector development, education, and job creation.

D. The World Bank Group’s Knowledge Work and Activities: Respondents were asked to indicate how frequently they consult WBG’s knowledge work and activities and to rate the effectiveness and quality of the WBG’s knowledge, including how significant of a contribution it makes to development results and its technical quality.

E. Working with the World Bank Group: Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement with a series of statements regarding working with the WBG, such as the WBG taking decisions quickly in Russia, imposing reasonable conditions on its lending/ investments, disbursing funds promptly, increasing Russia’s institutional capacity, and providing effective implementation support.

F. The Future Role of the World Bank Group in Russia: Respondents were asked to indicate what the WBG should do to make itself of greater value in Russia, and which services the WBG should offer more of in the country.

G. Russia’s Role as a Global Donor for Development: Respondents were asked about their views on Russia’s role as a donor providing assistance to developing/poor countries.

H. Communication and Information Sharing: Respondents were asked to indicate how they get information about economic and social development issues, how they prefer to receive information from the WBG, and their usage and evaluation of the WBG’s websites and social media channels. Respondents were also asked about their awareness of the WBG’s Access to Information policy, past information requests from the WBG, and their level of agreement that they use more data from the WBG as a result of the WBG’s Open Data policy.

I. Background Information: Respondents were asked to indicate their current position, specialization, whether they professionally collaborate with the WBG, their exposure to the WBG in Russia, which WBG agencies they work with, and their geographic location.

The questionnaire was prepared in English and Russia.

Response rate

A total of 139 stakeholders participated in the survey (35% response rate).