As a result of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the global economy is estimated to contract by 0.17 percent in 2022. Furthermore, due to sanctions imposed on Russia, its economy is projected to decline by 0.7 percent in 2022 and by 1.21 percent in 2023.

In 2023, more than 90 percent of foreign investors in Poland said that energy and raw material costs had short-term economic consequences resulting from Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the calculations and charts presented in Fiscal support and monetary vigilance: Economic policy implications of the Russia-Ukraine war for the European Union, PIIE Policy Brief 22-5.

If you use the data, please cite as: Blanchard, Olivier, and Jean Pisani-Ferry (2022). Fiscal support and monetary vigilance: Economic policy implications of the Russia-Ukraine war for the European Union, PIIE Policy Brief 22-5. Peterson Institute for International Economics.

The Russia-Ukraine war impacted economic growth in North Africa. According to projections, the North African countries were affected in different ways. Considering the long-conflict scenario, with the war continuing after June 2022, Algeria's GDP would grow by 7.89 percent in 2022 compared to the previous year. In contrast, the baseline scenario saw a projected growth of 4.7 percent, which would have occurred in the absence of the war. In this scenario, Algeria was the North African country benefitting the most from the war, mainly due to increasing oil prices. Libya's GDP growth rate was also projected to increase due to the Russia-Ukraine war. In contrast, the economies of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia were negatively impacted by the war.

In a survey conducted among Southeast Asians in 2024, 68.4 percent of respondents answered that the Russia-Ukraine war led to an increase in energy and food prices and thus caused economic hardship in ASEAN.

Slovakia's gross domestic product (GDP) growth for 2022 forecast in June 2022 was approximately 2.7 percent lower than the projection made in December 2021, before the war in Ukraine. GDP growth expectations were lowered for many other European countries, such as Germany (by 2.2 percent) and Italy (by 2.1 percent). At the same time, several countries worldwide were projected a highest GDP growth in 2022 than expected prior to the war, such as Saudi Arabia and Argentina. Saudi Arabia, an oil producing country, could substitute some of oil imports from Russia that Western countries banned in response to the war.

The Russia-Ukraine war impacted consumer prices in North Africa. According to projections, inflation in all North African countries increased in 2022 due to the war. Considering the long-conflict scenario, with the war continuing after June 2022, Egypt's inflation rate would reach 10.5 percent. In contrast, the baseline scenario saw a projected inflation of 7.4 percent. In Tunisia, the inflation rate jumped to nine percent, compared to a baseline scenario of 5.5 percent.

The Russia-Ukraine war will negatively impact businesses in Poland. In October 2024, 57 percent of companies in the manufacturing sector stated that the war in Ukraine had a minor negative effect on business activity. War in Ukraine threatened stability for 5.1 percent of companies in the transportation and storage sector.

This dataset contains data from the experiment and python code for the project titled “Love or politics? Political views regarding the war in Ukraine in an online dating experiment”.

Paper abstract: How polarized is Russian society regarding the war in Ukraine? Political views have an impact on various behaviors, including relationship formation. In this paper I study the extent of polarization in the Russian society regrading the war in Ukraine by conducting a field experiment on a large Russian dating site and collecting data on more than 3,000 profile evaluations. The findings reveal sizable penalties for those who express pro-war or anti-war positions on their dating profiles, suggesting considerable levels of polarization in the Russian society regarding the war. Age of the online dating site users is the most divisive factor, as younger individuals are less likely to approach pro-war profiles but not anti-war profiles, while older individuals are less likely to respond positively to profiles indicating anti-war views but not pro-war views.

The experiment was conducted in October - November, 2022, on a large online dating site in Russia in three Russian regions: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Sverdlovskaya oblast. There are three separate data files, one for each region. Each file contains information on male dating site users that have been liked by and/or have viewed the experimental female profiles. The description is available at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/118862/ . The folder also contains python code for data analysis.

On behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government, the opinion research institute forsa has regularly conducted representative population surveys on the topic of Germany and the Ukraine War from calendar week 13/2022. The individual question areas were adapted according on the survey period. During the survey period from 26.09.2022 to 28.09.2022, the German-speaking resident population aged 14 and over was surveyed in telephone interviews (CATI). The respondents were selected by multi-stage random sample. Germany should continue to maintain the adopted economic sanctions against Russia vs. end; level of concern about possible impact of war in Ukraine on Germany; specific concerns about possible impact of war in Ukraine on Germany (open question); level of concern about the following related to war in Ukraine: Germany being dragged into a war with Russia, Germany taking on more than it can afford by taking in refugees from Ukraine, everything becoming more expensive, use of nuclear weapons, threats to basic food supplies in Germany, threats to energy supplies in Germany, personal financial situation worsening, financial difficulties due to additional payments for electricity and energy costs; likelihood of the aforementioned things occurring; satisfaction with regard to how the German government is dealing with the effects of the war in Ukraine on Germany; assessment of the potential for conflict in Germany between different social groups (rich and poor, young and old, East Germans and West Germans, left-wing and right-wing political forces, foreigners and Germans, Ukrainian refugees and Germans, people of Russian origin and people of non-Russian origin in Germany); extent of the restrictions in personal everyday life caused by the current price increases; the relief measures adopted by the federal government so far are sufficient vs. further relief is necessary; noticeable relief for own household through the relief measures adopted by the federal government so far. Demography: sex; age (grouped); employment; education; net household income (grouped); party preference in the next general election; voting behaviour in the last general election. Additionally coded were: region; federal state; weight. Im Auftrag des Presse- und Informationsamts der Bundesregierung hat das Meinungsforschungsinstitut forsa ab Kalenderwoche 13/2022 regelmäßig repräsentative Bevölkerungsbefragungen zum Thema Deutschland und der Ukraine-Krieg durchgeführt. Die einzelnen Fragegebiete wurden je nach Befragungszeitraum angepasst. Im Erhebungszeitraum 26.09.2022 bis 28.09.2022 wurde die deutschsprachige Wohnbevölkerung ab 14 Jahren in telefonischen Interviews (CATI) befragt. Die Auswahl der Befragten erfolgte durch eine mehrstufige Zufallsstichprobe. Deutschland sollte die beschlossenen wirtschaftlichen Sanktionen gegen Russland weiterhin aufrechterhalten vs. beenden; Ausmaß der Sorgen über mögliche Auswirkungen des Krieges in der Ukraine auf Deutschland; konkrete Sorgen über mögliche Auswirkungen des Krieges in der Ukraine auf Deutschland (offene Frage); Ausmaß der Sorgen über folgendes im Zusammenhang mit dem Krieg in der Ukraine: Deutschland wird in einen Krieg mit Russland hineingezogen, Deutschland übernimmt sich mit der Aufnahme von Flüchtlingen aus der Ukraine, alles wird teurer, Einsatz von Atomwaffen, Gefährdung der Grundversorgung mit Lebensmitteln in Deutschland, Gefährdung der Energieversorgung in Deutschland, persönliche finanzielle Situation verschlechtert sich, finanzielle Schwierigkeiten durch Nachzahlungen für Strom- und Energiekosten; Wahrscheinlichkeit des Eintretens der zuvor genannten Dinge; Zufriedenheit im Hinblick auf den Umgang der Bundesregierung mit den Auswirkungen des Ukraine-Krieges auf Deutschland; Einschätzung des Konfliktpotentials in Deutschland zwischen verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Gruppen (Arm und Reich, Jungen und Alten, Ostdeutschen und Westdeutschen, linken und rechten politischen Kräften, Ausländern und Deutschen, ukrainischen Flüchtlingen und Deutschen, russischstämmigen und nicht-russischstämmigen Menschen in Deutschland); Ausmaß der Einschränkungen im persönlichen Alltag durch die aktuellen Preissteigerungen; die bisher von der Bundesregierung beschlossene Entlastungsmaßnahmen sind ausreichend vs. es sind weitere Entlastungen notwendig; spürbare Entlastung des eigenen Haushalts durch die bisher von der Bundesregierung beschlossenen Entlastungsmaßnahmen. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter (gruppiert); Erwerbstätigkeit; Schulabschluss; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen (gruppiert); Parteipräferenz bei der nächsten Bundestagswahl; Wahlverhalten bei der letzten Bundestagswahl. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Region; Bundesland; Gewicht.

Russia AA: Revenue Tonne Kilometers data was reported at 712.659 Unit mn in Jan 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 734.814 Unit mn for Dec 2024. Russia AA: Revenue Tonne Kilometers data is updated monthly, averaging 655.480 Unit mn from Jan 2014 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 133 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 997.517 Unit mn in Aug 2024 and a record low of 76.922 Unit mn in Apr 2020. Russia AA: Revenue Tonne Kilometers data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Aeroflot Russian Airlines. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Transport and Telecommunications Sector – Table RU.TE005: Airlines Statistics: Aeroflot Traffic Statistics. Data release delayed due to the Ukraine-Russia conflict. No estimation on next release date can be made.
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The Russia-Ukraine war affected economic growth and government finances in North Africa. According to projections, the government debt as a share of GDP declined in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia in 2022 considering the long-conflict scenario, with the war continuing after June 2022. For instance, Morocco's public debt reached 80.7 percent of the GDP in 2022, compared to a baseline scenario of 82.3 percent, which would have occurred in the absence of the war.

On behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government, the opinion research institute forsa has regularly conducted representative population surveys on the topic of Germany and the Ukraine War from calendar week 13/2022. The individual question areas were adapted according on the survey period. During the survey period from 05.09.2022 to 07.09.2022, the German-speaking resident population aged 14 and over was surveyed in telephone interviews (CATI). The respondents were selected by multi-stage random sample.
Germany should continue to maintain the adopted economic sanctions against Russia vs. end; level of concern about possible impact of war in Ukraine on Germany; specific concerns about possible impact of war in Ukraine on Germany (open question); level of concern about the following related to war in Ukraine: Germany being dragged into a war with Russia, Germany taking on too much by taking in refugees from Ukraine, everything becoming more expensive, use of nuclear weapons, threats to basic food supplies in Germany, threats to energy supplies in Germany, personal financial situation worsening, financial difficulties due to additional payments for electricity and energy costs; satisfaction with regard to the German government´s handling of the effects of the Ukraine war on Germany; opinion on cohesion in society as a result of the Ukraine crisis; assessment of the potential for conflict in Germany between different social groups (rich and poor, young and old, East Germans and West Germans, left-wing and right-wing political forces, foreigners and Germans, Ukrainian refugees and Germans, people of Russian and non-Russian origin in Germany).

Demography: sex; age (grouped); employment; education; net household income (grouped); party preference in the next general election; voting behaviour in the last general election.

Additionally coded were: region; federal state; weight.

Russia AG: Revenue Passenger Kilometers: Domestic data was reported at 6,319.406 Unit mn in Jan 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6,540.468 Unit mn for Dec 2024. Russia AG: Revenue Passenger Kilometers: Domestic data is updated monthly, averaging 4,850.966 Unit mn from Jan 2014 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 133 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11,254.797 Unit mn in Aug 2024 and a record low of 502.540 Unit mn in Apr 2020. Russia AG: Revenue Passenger Kilometers: Domestic data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Aeroflot Russian Airlines. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Transport and Telecommunications Sector – Table RU.TE005: Airlines Statistics: Aeroflot Traffic Statistics. Data release delayed due to the Ukraine-Russia conflict. No estimation on next release date can be made.
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Russia AG: Available Tonne Kilometers data was reported at 1,539.414 Ton/km mn in Jan 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,556.198 Ton/km mn for Dec 2024. Russia AG: Available Tonne Kilometers data is updated monthly, averaging 1,446.360 Ton/km mn from Jan 2014 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 133 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,166.102 Ton/km mn in Jul 2019 and a record low of 267.018 Ton/km mn in Apr 2020. Russia AG: Available Tonne Kilometers data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Aeroflot Russian Airlines. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Transport and Telecommunications Sector – Table RU.TE005: Airlines Statistics: Aeroflot Traffic Statistics. Data release delayed due to the Ukraine-Russia conflict. No estimation on next release date can be made.
[COVID-19-IMPACT]

The Citizens' Pulse surveys examine Finnish attitudes and opinions in the context of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Main themes in the surveys include the activity and communication of authorities, compliance with regulations, future expectations, trust, and the respondents' own state of mind. This collection round also included questions on the Russian invasion of Ukraine and energy conservation. The eighth collection round of 2022 surveyed the respondents' trust in various institutions (e.g. the Finnish Government, the health care system, the media, and the Finnish Defence Forces). The respondents' state of mind was examined with questions on various matters relating to health, well-being, and their situation in life. The questions covered, for example, the respondents' own mental well-being, whether they were worried about the adequacy of their income, their confidence in their future, experiences of stress and togetherness, and whether they felt their lives were meaningful and safe. Additionally, the respondents were asked to evaluate whether an atmosphere of crisis prevailed amongst Finns. The next set of questions focused on the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The respondents were asked how concerned they were about the crisis in Ukraine and its effects, whether they were concerned about the possible impact of the war on the Finnish economy and the safety of Finland and Europe, and whether they were concerned that the war might expand beyond Ukraine. Opinions on the economic sanctions imposed on Russia by the EU, whether Finland should be ready to receive significant numbers of refugees from Ukraine if necessary, and whether the uncertainty caused by the Ukraine crisis had impacted the respondents' consumer behaviour were charted. On the topic of energy conservation, the respondents were asked how concerned they were about the changes in energy prices, whether they felt they had enough information about ways to conserve energy in their everyday lives, whether they believed that by taking energy-saving measures they could make a difference in the availability of energy during the coming months, and whether they had taken certain measures to lower their energy consumption during the past month (e.g. lowered the room temperature at home, driven less, reduced the use of electronic appliances at home, taken shorter showers). Concern over the coronavirus pandemic and its effects were surveyed. Compliance with coronavirus restrictions was examined by asking the respondents whether in the past week they had followed the restrictions and recommendations set by authorities for preventing transmission of the virus, including maintaining safe distances, wearing a face mask, and minimising contact with other people. The respondents were also asked how necessary they felt it was to follow measures such as wearing a mask and maintaining safe distances after receiving two or three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Background variables included the respondent's gender, age group, NUTS3 region of residence, highest level of education, household composition, perceived financial situation of household, type of accommodation, and type of domestic heating system.

The Citizens' Pulse surveys examine Finnish attitudes and opinions on current issues. Main themes in the surveys include the activity of authorities, future expectations, trust, and the respondents' own state of mind. This collection round also included questions on the Russian invasion of Ukraine, sustainability, climate change and issues that the Finnish government should address. The sixth collection round of 2024 surveyed the respondents' trust in other people and various institutions (e.g. the Finnish Government, the health care system, the media, and the Finnish Defence Forces). The respondents were asked to evaluate how fair or unfair they thought Finnish society was at present, and their state of mind was examined with questions on various matters relating to health, well-being, and their situation in life. The questions covered, for example, the respondents' own mental well-being, whether they were worried about the adequacy of their income, their confidence in their future, and experiences of stress. Additionally, the respondents were asked to evaluate whether an atmosphere of crisis prevailed amongst Finns, whether they were worried about the state of general government finances (state and municipalities) and whether Finland's NATO membership had impacted their sense of safety. The respondents' views were investigated on which societal issues (e.g. promotion of climate action, national defence, poverty reduction, effective healthcare, operating conditions of businesses and investment opportunities) the Finnish government should focus on in the near future. Opinions on whether Finland's national debt should be reduced regardless of the resulting cuts in benefits and welfare it would entail for Finnish citizens and whether social security cuts can be considered acceptable if they provide an incentive to take up work and increase employment were surveyed. The respondents' views on the right to seek asylum in Finland were also charted. The next set of questions focused on the Russian invasion of Ukraine and national security in Finland. The respondents were asked how concerned they were about the crisis in Ukraine and its effects, and whether they were concerned that the war might expand beyond Ukraine. The respondents were also asked whether they were concerned that Russia might take military action against Finland or try to interfere with the functioning of Finnish society. Opinions on the economic sanctions imposed on Russia by the EU and whether Finland should be ready to receive significant numbers of refugees from Ukraine if necessary were charted. The respondents were asked whether Finland's actions on the border with Russia had reinforced their sense security, whether Finland's response to Russian interference has been adequate and timely, and whether the respondents were concerned about Russia's recent actions. The respondents were also asked whether they had noticed any cyber security issues or instances where purposefully misleading claims based on misinformation were spread on social media or online over the previous month. The sustainability theme examined whether sufficient measures have been taken in Finland to promote the well-being of nature, people and the economy. Finally, questions were asked about climate change, biodiversity loss, everyday environmental actions and influencing Finland's climate and nature policy. Background variables included the language responded in, the respondent's gender, age group, NUTS3 region of residence, highest level of education, household composition, and perceived financial situation of household.

Introduction: The Russia-Ukraine war brought immediate and delayed socio-economic consequences. All the repercussions, in general, caused fear all over the world. Objective: To validate an instrument for measuring fear perception caused by the consequences of a large-scale war in Latin American citizens. Methodology: Instrumental study, 1705 residents of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and other countries were surveyed through a virtual format. A literature search, expert judgment, preliminary (then exploratory and confirmatory) analysis, as well as reliability assessment were carried out. Results: It started with 13 questions, the skewness and kurtosis values of the questions did not exceed the range ± 1.5 and showed significant correlations (>0.30). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index (0.962) and Bartlett's test (19558.5; df = 78; p = 0.000) had good indicators. The parallel analysis suggested a single factor, which explained 75.59% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis generated an instrument with six items (χ2 = 47.33, df = 9, p = 0.001; RMR = 0.010; GFI = 0.990; CFI = 1.00; TLI = 0.990; and RMSEA = 0.050), with an overall Cronbach's Alpha = 0.949 (95% CI = 0.94 - 0.95). Conclusion: A six-item instrument that measures the perception of fear caused by the consequences of a large-scale war was validated in half a dozen Latin American countries. This short and valid instrument can be administered to a broad population in Latin America. Date Submitted: 2022-08-13

The damage to housing facilities from the Russian invasion of Ukraine was estimated at 57.6 billion U.S. dollars between February 24, 2022, and December 31, 2024. A further 36.7 billion U.S. dollars were recorded in losses from damages to transportation. The total war damage to Ukrainian sectors was estimated at 176 billion U.S. dollars over that period. War impact on the Ukrainian economy Ukraine’s gross domestic product (GDP) fell by 29 percent in 2022 as a result of the Russian invasion and was expected to grow by four percent in between 2023 and 2024. On the one hand, the country suffers from damage to its infrastructure which would require time and financial resources to be restored. On the other hand, the war threatens Ukraine’s international trade. The military actions disrupt the routes used for transporting goods for exports and imports. In July 2022, a deal has been signed between Russia and Ukraine in Istanbul to provide for a corridor for Ukrainian grain exports via the Black Sea; however, it was suspended a year after. Which are the largest industries in Ukraine? Wholesale and retail trade occupied the largest share of the GDP of Ukraine, at nearly 14 percent in 2021. Agriculture, having ranked second with over 10 percent, was another major sector, especially important for export trade. The value added by agriculture, forestry, and fishing reached over seven percent of Ukraine’s GDP in 2023.

Russia AA: Available Tonne Kilometers data was reported at 1,073.278 Ton/km mn in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,015.764 Ton/km mn for Nov 2024. Russia AA: Available Tonne Kilometers data is updated monthly, averaging 1,002.810 Ton/km mn from Jan 2014 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,375.076 Ton/km mn in Jul 2019 and a record low of 207.385 Ton/km mn in Apr 2020. Russia AA: Available Tonne Kilometers data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Aeroflot Russian Airlines. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Transport and Telecommunications Sector – Table RU.TE005: Airlines Statistics: Aeroflot Traffic Statistics. Data release delayed due to the Ukraine-Russia conflict. No estimation on next release date can be made.
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