As of January 1, 2025, more than 146 million people were estimated to be residing on the Russian territory, down approximately 30,000 from the previous year. From the second half of the 20th century, the population steadily grew until 1995. Furthermore, the population size saw an increase from 2009, getting closer to the 1995 figures. In which regions do most Russians live? With some parts of Russia known for their harsh climate, most people choose regions which offer more comfortable conditions. The largest share of the Russian population, or 40 million, reside in the Central Federal District. Moscow, the capital, is particularly populated, counting nearly 13 million residents. Russia’s population projections Despite having the largest country area worldwide, Russia’s population was predicted to follow a negative trend under both low and medium expectation forecasts. Under the low expectation forecast, the country’s population was expected to drop from 146 million in 2022 to 134 million in 2036. The medium expectation scenario projected a milder drop to 143 million in 2036. The issues of low birth rates and high death rates in Russia are aggravated by the increasing desire to emigrate among young people. In 2023, more than 20 percent of the residents aged 18 to 24 years expressed their willingness to leave Russia.

Population: North Western Federal District (NW) data was reported at 13,865,338.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 13,840,352.000 Person for 2023. Population: North Western Federal District (NW) data is updated yearly, averaging 13,924,239.500 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15,310,985.000 Person in 1990 and a record low of 13,604,203.000 Person in 2009. Population: North Western Federal District (NW) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA002: Population: by Region.

Population: Central Federal District (CF) data was reported at 40,263,717.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 40,198,659.000 Person for 2023. Population: Central Federal District (CF) data is updated yearly, averaging 38,273,458.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 40,418,360.000 Person in 2019 and a record low of 37,946,810.000 Person in 2002. Population: Central Federal District (CF) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA002: Population: by Region.

Population: Working Age: CF: Kursk Region data was reported at 600,971.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 594,264.000 Person for 2021. Population: Working Age: CF: Kursk Region data is updated yearly, averaging 706,721.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2022, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 720,365.000 Person in 1989 and a record low of 594,264.000 Person in 2021. Population: Working Age: CF: Kursk Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA013: Population: Working Age: by Region.

Since 1991, the governments of 15 countries, formerly integrated into a unified cultural, economic, social, and legal framework within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, have sequentially decided to secede from the union and build sovereign nation-states with independent foreign and domestic policies. The dataset has been compiled with the aim of studying the demographic policies of post-Soviet countries, including the Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Belarus, Kyrgyz Republic, and Republic of Estonia. For consistency in comparison, demographic statistics were obtained from a single source: the non-profit, non-governmental resource “Database.earth,” which bases its data on the report titled “2024 Revision of World Population Prospects” prepared by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations.The files include two tables (with corresponding charts): 1. The natural increase rate in the studied countries over the period from 1990 to 2024. 2. Urban-rural population ratio in the studied countries as of 2024. The natural increase rate is a standardized indicator that allows comparisons between different states regardless of their size or level of economic development. Private trends for individual states. 1. The Russian Federation. After a stable period of positive growth in the late 1980s, the country faced a deep crisis in the first half of the 1990s (-5.7% in 1995). By the beginning of the 21st century, dynamics stabilized, but the overall trend remains negative. Attempts to restore fertility led to temporary improvement in 2015 (+0.3%). 2. Republic of Kazakhstan. The country maintained a positive growth dynamic almost throughout the observation period. The highest peak of growth falls on the early 2010s (13.6% in 2010, 15.2% in 2015), demonstrating high rates of population reproduction. However, by the end of the observed period (2024), there is also a gradual slowdown in growth noted. 3. Republic of Belarus. The situation in Belarus is characterized by alternating positive and negative phases. The beginning of the 1990s was marked by a significant drop, followed by a weak recovery period. Nevertheless, the general tendency is towards maintaining low levels of growth, transitioning into an insignificant minus by the 2020s. 4. Kyrgyz Republic. The only country showing sustained positive values of growth over the entire study period. Although some reduction in positive figures has been observed, nevertheless, it maintains relatively high rates of natural increase (approximately +15-18%). 5. Estonian Republic. This country stands out with the strongest volatility among the reviewed states. Except for one year (2010), natural growth remained consistently negative. The significant fall was observed in the mid-1990s and continued through the first decades of the 21st century.

Russia Rosstat Forecast: Mean: per 1000 Population: Natural Increase data was reported at -3.800 NA in 2035. This records a decrease from the previous number of -3.700 NA for 2034. Russia Rosstat Forecast: Mean: per 1000 Population: Natural Increase data is updated yearly, averaging -2.800 NA from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2035, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -1.000 NA in 2017 and a record low of -3.800 NA in 2035. Russia Rosstat Forecast: Mean: per 1000 Population: Natural Increase data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GD012: Vital Statistics: Forecast: Rosstat: Annual.

The gap between the number of women and men in Russia was measured at approximately 10.3 million as of January 1, 2024, with the female population of the country historically outnumbering the male population. Both genders saw a decrease in inhabitants compared to the previous year. Why are there more women than men in Russia? One of the factors explaining gender imbalance in modern Russia is the gap in average life expectancy between the genders. In 2022, Russian women outlived men by around 10 years. In particular, working-age men were six times more likely to die from external causes of death, such as accidents and suicides, compared to working age women in that year. Furthermore, partial mobilization announced as a result of the Russia-Ukraine war resulted in a mass exodus of young men fleeing from conscription. In response to the government’s call to recruit up to 300,000 reservists in end-September 2022, Google search interest in the term "How to leave Russia" increased sharply. Gender imbalance and its consequences for Russia In Russia, the labor market remains highly segregated by gender. Manual jobs in equipment operation, metal industry, manufacturing, and mechanics are male dominated. The labor shortage in these spheres could limit the country’s potential for increased industrial production. Furthermore, fewer men exacerbate the issue of falling births in Russia. In 2023, only 1.26 million births were recorded nationwide, the lowest over the past decade. Coupled with a decreasing number of working-age men, such a decline in live births could lead to less innovation, a larger share of retired people, and rising government expenditure on pensions and healthcare.

Russia Population: Urban data was reported at 109,453,533.000 Person in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 109,271,229.927 Person for 2017. Russia Population: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 102,220,000.000 Person from Dec 1949 (Median) to 2018, with 70 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 109,453,533.000 Person in 2018 and a record low of 43,749,000.000 Person in 1949. Russia Population: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA010: Population: Urban: by Region.

Population: Urban: CF: City of Moscow data was reported at 13,258,262.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 13,149,803.000 Person for 2023. Population: Urban: CF: City of Moscow data is updated yearly, averaging 11,139,139.500 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,258,262.000 Person in 2024 and a record low of 8,880,124.000 Person in 1989. Population: Urban: CF: City of Moscow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA011: Population: Urban: by Region.

Population: Working Age: CF: City of Moscow data was reported at 7,539,518.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,404,404.000 Person for 2021. Population: Working Age: CF: City of Moscow data is updated yearly, averaging 7,157,180.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2022, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,539,518.000 Person in 2022 and a record low of 5,177,349.000 Person in 1989. Population: Working Age: CF: City of Moscow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA013: Population: Working Age: by Region.

In December 2024, the inflation rate in Russia stood at around 9.5 percent compared to the same month in the previous year, showing an increase. The rate has been rising since October 2024. The highest rate during the observed period was recorded in April 2022, at 17.8 percent. The term inflation means the devaluation of money caused by a permanent increase in the price level for products (consumer goods, investment goods). The Consumer Price Index (CPI) shows the price development for private expenses and shows the current level of inflation when increasing. Russia's economy, an outlook The Russian economy was expected to grow by 1.6 percent in 2025 despite the Western sanctions over the war in Ukraine that began in February 2022. At the same time, consumer prices were projected to grow by around five percent in 2025 relative to the previous year. In 2024, the inflation rate was estimated at 7.9 percent. Prices in Russia Russia’s economy is highly dependent on and affected by the price of oil. The price of the Urals crude oil stood at approximately 62 U.S. dollars per barrel in December 2024, having demonstrated an increase from the previous month. The highest producer price index (PPI) was recorded in the electricity and gas supply sector, with a price growth rate of over 12 percent in September 2024.

Population: Working Age: North Western Federal District (NW) data was reported at 8,151,938.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 8,001,760.000 Person for 2021. Population: Working Age: North Western Federal District (NW) data is updated yearly, averaging 8,621,220.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2022, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,964,256.000 Person in 1989 and a record low of 7,809,900.000 Person in 2018. Population: Working Age: North Western Federal District (NW) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA013: Population: Working Age: by Region.

Population: Period End: Urban data was reported at 109,691,118.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 109,526,940.000 Person for 2023. Population: Period End: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 104,775,157.000 Person from Dec 1949 (Median) to 2024, with 76 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 110,541,848.000 Person in 2019 and a record low of 43,749,000.000 Person in 1949. Population: Period End: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA001: Population.

Russia Population: Male: Age 15 to 19: 18 Years data was reported at 701,192.000 Person in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 661,017.000 Person for 2017. Russia Population: Male: Age 15 to 19: 18 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 1,080,534.500 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2018, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,325,132.000 Person in 2001 and a record low of 661,017.000 Person in 2017. Russia Population: Male: Age 15 to 19: 18 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA006: Population: by Age: 0 to 100 Years: Male.

Population: SF: Republic of Kalmykia data was reported at 267,376.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 266,770.000 Person for 2023. Population: SF: Republic of Kalmykia data is updated yearly, averaging 291,752.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 327,956.000 Person in 1990 and a record low of 264,483.000 Person in 2022. Population: SF: Republic of Kalmykia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA002: Population: by Region.

Population: SB: Zabaikalsk Territory: Chita City: Working Age data was reported at 214.600 Person th in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 214.100 Person th for 2014. Population: SB: Zabaikalsk Territory: Chita City: Working Age data is updated yearly, averaging 209.000 Person th from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2015, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 214.600 Person th in 2015 and a record low of 198.200 Person th in 2009. Population: SB: Zabaikalsk Territory: Chita City: Working Age data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA023: Population: by City: Far East Federal District. Labour Force population includes men aged 16-59 years old and women aged 16-54 years old Население трудоспособного возраста - мужчины 16-59 лет, женщины 16-54 года

Population: Urban: North Western Federal District (NW) data was reported at 11,857,774.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 11,775,855.000 Person for 2023. Population: Urban: North Western Federal District (NW) data is updated yearly, averaging 11,764,491.500 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12,607,585.000 Person in 1990 and a record low of 11,310,929.000 Person in 2007. Population: Urban: North Western Federal District (NW) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA011: Population: Urban: by Region.

Population: Female: North Caucasian Federal District (NC) data was reported at 5,284,015.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,264,317.000 Person for 2022. Population: Female: North Caucasian Federal District (NC) data is updated yearly, averaging 5,060,323.000 Person from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2023, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,284,015.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of 4,714,188.000 Person in 2003. Population: Female: North Caucasian Federal District (NC) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA010: Population: Female: by Region. In January 2010, North Caucasian Federal District was split from Southern Federal District. Since January 2010, North Caucasian Federal District consists of Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Ingushetia, Republic of Kabardino Balkaria, Republic of Karachaevo Cherkessia, Republic of Northern Osetia Alania, Chechen Republic and Stavropol Territory). Since January 2010, Southern Federal District consists of Republic of Adygea, Republic of Kalmykia, Krasnodar Territory, Astrakhan Region, Volgograd Region, Rostov Region. Since July 2016, Republic of Crimea and City of Sevastopol are part of the Southern Federal District. Before that they were forming a separate Crimean Federal District.

Russia RU: School Enrollment: Secondary: % Net: Female data was reported at 95.031 % in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 93.230 % for 2013. Russia RU: School Enrollment: Secondary: % Net: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 94.131 % from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2014, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 95.031 % in 2014 and a record low of 93.230 % in 2013. Russia RU: School Enrollment: Secondary: % Net: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.World Bank.WDI: Education Statistics. Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/); Weighted average;

Population: Working Age: SB: Omsk Region data was reported at 1,031,217.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,026,176.000 Person for 2021. Population: Working Age: SB: Omsk Region data is updated yearly, averaging 1,223,048.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2022, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,294,696.000 Person in 2003 and a record low of 1,026,176.000 Person in 2021. Population: Working Age: SB: Omsk Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA013: Population: Working Age: by Region.