Russia recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 16.40 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - Russia Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The national debt of Russia stood at ************** U.S. dollars in 2024. Between 1997 and 2024, the national debt rose by ************** U.S. dollars, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The national debt will steadily rise by ************** U.S. dollars over the period from 2024 to 2030, reflecting a clear upward trend.

Key information about Russia National Government Debt

• Russia National Government Debt reached 407.8 USD bn in Oct 2025, compared with 385.9 USD bn in the previous month.
• Russia National Government Debt data is updated monthly, available from May 2009 to Oct 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 407.8 USD bn in Oct 2025 and a record low of 86.1 USD bn in May 2009.

CEIC calculates monthly Government Debt as the sum of Public External Debt and Domestic Debt and converts it into USD. The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation provides Public External Debt in USD and Domestic Debt in local currency. The Bank of Russia period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions.


Related information about Russia National Government Debt

• In the latest reports, Russia Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 3.6 % of its Nominal GDP in Jun 2025.
• The country's Government debt accounted for 14.4 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2024.
• Russia Nominal GDP reached 494.7 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Key information about Russia Government Debt: % of GDP

• Russia Government debt accounted for 14.6 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Mar 2024, compared with the ratio of 14.9 % in the previous quarter.
• Russia government debt to GDP ratio data is updated quarterly, available from Dec 2011 to Mar 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 17.8 % in Mar 2021 and a record low of 8.5 % in Mar 2012.

CEIC calculates quarterly Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Government Debt and rolling sum of quarterly Nominal GDP. Government Debt is calculated as a sum of Domestic Government Debt and External Government Debt. The Ministry of Finance provides Government Debt in USD and local currency. The Federal State Statistics Service provides Nominal GDP in local currency. The Bank of Russia period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions.


Related information about Russia Government Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Russia National Government Debt reached 284.6 USD bn in Apr 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 494.7 USD bn in Mar 2023.

In 2024, the ratio of national debt to gross domestic product (GDP) of Russia stood at 20.25 percent. Between 1997 and 2024, the figure dropped by 31.27 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. The forecast shows the ratio will steadily grow by 12.55 percentage points from 2024 to 2030.The general government gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. Here it is depicted in relation to the country's GDP, which refers to the total value of goods and services produced during a year.

The volume of the national debt in Russia has been increasing over the observed period. As of July 1, 2023, the national debt was close to **** trillion Russian rubles, having increased by around *** trillion Russian rubles over the past six months.

Key information about Russia External Debt: % of GDP

• Russia External Debt accounted for 13.4 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 15.3 % in the previous year.
• Russia External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1993 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 90.9 % in Dec 1999 and a record low of 13.4 % in Dec 2024.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from annual External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. The Bank of Russia provides External Debt in USD based on BPM6. Federal State Statistics Service provides Nominal GDP in local currency based on SNA 2008. The Bank of Russia average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2002 is calculated from External Debt based on BPM5. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 1995 is calculated from Nominal GDP based on SNA 1993.


Related information about Russia External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Russia, Current Account recorded a deficit of 1.3 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) fell by 1.2 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• Russia Direct Investment Abroad fell by 1.8 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment fell by 3.4 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• The country's External Debt reached 290,393.0 in Dec 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 494.7 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Government Debt in Russia increased to 20586.54 RUB Billion in April from 20564.50 RUB Billion in March of 2024. This dataset provides - Russia Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Russia's external debt was measured at around ****** billion U.S. dollars at the end of 2024, which was less than in the previous year. Over the observed period, the debt peaked in 2013, when residents of Russia owed nearly *** billion U.S. dollars to foreign creditors. External debt is estimated to increase in 2025, reaching ***** billion U.S. dollars.

Monthly and long-term Russia Public Debt data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

Graph and download economic data for General government gross debt for Russia (GGGDTARUA188N) from 1997 to 2024 about Russia, debt, gross, and government.

Russia RU: External Debt: TDS: Debt Service: Gerneral Government Sector data was reported at 678.108 USD mn in 2030. This records a decrease from the previous number of 816.922 USD mn for 2029. Russia RU: External Debt: TDS: Debt Service: Gerneral Government Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 5.767 USD bn from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2030, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.105 USD bn in 2006 and a record low of 678.108 USD mn in 2030. Russia RU: External Debt: TDS: Debt Service: Gerneral Government Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service: Annual. General government debt service is the sum of principal repayments and interest actually paid in currency, goods, or services on long-term obligations of public debtors and long-term private obligations guaranteed by a public entity. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Actual value and historical data chart for Russia Central Government Debt Total Percent Of GDP

Russia Federal Government Expenditure: Debt Service data was reported at 102.011 RUB bn in Dec 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 85.715 RUB bn for Nov 2022. Russia Federal Government Expenditure: Debt Service data is updated monthly, averaging 26.300 RUB bn from Oct 1999 (Median) to Dec 2022, with 279 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 165.814 RUB bn in Mar 2022 and a record low of 2.200 RUB bn in Oct 2005. Russia Federal Government Expenditure: Debt Service data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.FB006: Federal Government Revenue and Expenditure: General.

The national debt of Russia stood at about 452.11 billion U.S. dollars in 2024. Between 1997 and 2024, the national debt rose by approximately 437.71 billion U.S. dollars, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The national debt will steadily rise by around 385.77 billion U.S. dollars over the period from 2024 to 2030, reflecting a clear upward trend.

Actual Government External Debt Payments: New Russian Debt: Federal Government data was reported at 1.200 USD bn in Sep 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.010 USD bn for Jun 2018. Actual Government External Debt Payments: New Russian Debt: Federal Government data is updated quarterly, averaging 1.440 USD bn from Mar 2000 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 75 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.520 USD bn in Mar 2005 and a record low of 0.360 USD bn in Jun 2010. Actual Government External Debt Payments: New Russian Debt: Federal Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table RU.FH003: Actual Public External Debt Payments.

Government debt as a share of gross domestic product has risen for almost all of Europe's largest economies since the mid-20th century. While until the 1970s it was common for European countries to have debt levels of less than 20 percent of their GDP, with the onset of economic crises related to international financial instability and oil price shocks, the long-term slowdown of economic growth in Europe, and the substantial public spending burdens which states had incurred due to the expansion of welfare and social services, European governments began to amass significant amounts of debt.

Which European countries are the most indebted? Italy stands out as the country in Europe which has experienced the largest secular increase in its government debt level, with the southern European country having debt worth 1.4 times its GDP in 2022. Spain, the United Kingdom, and France have also experienced long-run increase in their debt levels to between 90 and 100 percent in 2022. Germany and Turkey, on the other hand, have experienced more gradual increases in their public debt, with both countries having debt worth less than half their GDP. Russia stands as an outlier, due to the fact that its debt level has fallen dramatically since the 1990s. After the eastern European country's transition from communism and particularly after the financial crisis it experienced in 1998, the Russian state has severely cut back on public expenditure, while also having little need to borrow due to the state ownership of the country's vast natural resources.

Historical dataset showing Russia national debt by year from 1998 to 2023.

The value of U.S. Treasury securities held by residents of Russia amounted to ** million U.S. dollars in March 2025, marking a stark contrast to ***** billion U.S. dollars held in January 2020. The lowest over the period under consideration was recorded in November 2023 at ** million U.S. dollars. Furthermore, in March 2020, the figure plummeted to **** billion U.S. dollars, down from **** billion U.S. dollars one month prior. Russia’s holdings of U.S. treasury securities have decreased since 2014 following the Western sanctions over the annexation of Crimea and have further dropped in 2022 after more restrictions were imposed over the war in Ukraine. What are U.S. treasury holdings? U.S. treasury holdings are government debt instruments that contribute to the funding of various government projects in the country. The U.S. Department of Treasury allows individuals and organizations to invest in treasury notes, bills, and bonds, which are the main three types of securities. Just under half of the outstanding ** trillion U.S. dollars as of May 2024 were in the form of treasury notes. The notes have varying maturities and coupon payment frequencies, which are different from the maturity periods of treasury bills and bonds. Main foreign holders of U.S. treasury securities Foreign holdings of U.S. treasury debt amounted to ***** trillion U.S. dollars as of January 2024. Japan and China held the largest portions, with China possessing ***** billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. Additionally, other significant foreign holders included oil exporting countries and Caribbean banking centers.

Graph and download economic data for Projection of General government gross debt for Russia (GGGDTPRUA188N) from 2025 to 2030 about Russia, projection, debt, gross, and government.