In May 2025, the average monthly price of the Urals crude oil, Russia's major export oil brand, was approximately ***** U.S. dollars per barrel, having decreased from the previous month. In 2020, the price of the Urals experienced a considerable decrease at the beginning of the year due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, dropping to as low as **** U.S. dollars per barrel in April. What is the purpose of the Russian oil price cap? In early December 2022, the G7 (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom (UK), and the United States), the European Union (EU), and Australia formed the Price Cap Coalition and imposed a price cap of 60 U.S. dollars per barrel on oil originating in Russia. The aim of the price ceiling is to decrease Russia’s earnings from oil exports and thereby limit the Russian government’s budget to finance the war in Ukraine. At the same time, the cap is meant to ensure that Russia continues to supply oil to emerging economies, though at a discounted price. With the cap in place, Russia cannot sell oil at a higher price even to third countries if the oil tankers are financed or insured by members of the Price Cap Coalition. In early February 2023, a price cap of 100 U.S. dollars per barrel was imposed on Russian refined oil products. Global dependence on Russian oil China was Russia’s leading crude oil export destination, with the value of exports measured at nearly **** billion U.S. dollars in 2021. In physical terms, Russia supplied around *** million metric tons of crude oil to China in 2024, being the leading crude oil import origin in the country ahead of Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, European countries were major consumers of Russian oil prior to the war in Ukraine. For instance, Russia accounted for over ** percent of oil and petroleum products imported into Slovakia in 2020. To compare, the dependence rate stood at nearly ** percent in Lithuania, ** percent in Germany, and ** percent in the UK.

Urals Oil fell to 54.22 USD/Bbl on December 1, 2025, down 0.37% from the previous day. Over the past month, Urals Oil's price has fallen 7.52%, and is down 17.95% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Urals Crude.

Russia accounted for ** percent of the total oil output cut within the OPEC+ deal in May and June 2020. The deal was agreed on in ********** after a sharp fall in oil demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic and an oil price war between Russia and Saudi Arabia that resulted in a collapse of the previous deal. Compared to the first three months of that year, Russia's share in the output reduction increased by ***** percent.

Crude Oil fell to 59.17 USD/Bbl on December 2, 2025, down 0.25% from the previous day. Over the past month, Crude Oil's price has fallen 3.08%, and is down 15.40% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Crude Oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Russia exported crude oil for an average price of ***** U.S. dollars per metric ton in January 2022. The average price of the fossil fuel marked an increase from the previous month. A sharp decline occurred in the spring of 2020, impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the oil price conflict with Saudi Arabia. A similar trend was observed in the price of Urals, Russia's major crude oil export brand.

On October 27, 2025, the Brent crude oil price stood at 65.14 U.S. dollars per barrel, compared to 61.31 U.S. dollars for WTI oil and 67.54 U.S. dollars for the OPEC basket. Oil prices rose slightly that week.Europe's Brent crude oil, the U.S. WTI crude oil, and OPEC's basket are three of the most important benchmarks used by traders as reference for global oil and gasoline prices. Lowest ever oil prices during coronavirus pandemic In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic resulted in crude oil prices hitting a major slump as oil demand drastically declined following lockdowns and travel restrictions. Initial outlooks and uncertainty surrounding the course of the pandemic brought about a disagreement between two of the largest oil producers, Russia and Saudi Arabia, in early March. Bilateral talks between global oil producers ended in agreement on April 13th, with promises to cut petroleum output and hopes rising that these might help stabilize the oil price in the coming weeks. However, with storage facilities and oil tankers quickly filling up, fears grew over where to store excess oil, leading to benchmark prices seeing record negative prices between April 20 and April 22, 2020. How crude oil prices are determined As with most commodities, crude oil prices are impacted by supply and demand, as well as inventories and market sentiment. However, as oil is most often traded in future contracts (where a contract is agreed upon while product delivery will follow in the next two to three months), market speculation is one of the principal determinants for oil prices. Traders make conclusions on how production output and consumer demand will likely develop over the coming months, leaving room for uncertainty. Spot prices differ from futures in so far as they reflect the current market price of a commodity.

Crude oil and gasoline prices have declined due to weakening demand, increased OPEC+ production, and geopolitical tensions affecting the energy market.

The Crude Petroleum Extraction industry in Europe can be volatile. Its performance largely hinges on global oil demand and prices, which in turn are impacted by geopolitical conditions and global economic activity. Most of Europe relies on imports for its crude oil and refined fuels, often from geopolitically unstable regions. Only Russia can count itself among the world’s largest oil producers, while Norway and the UK are the main beneficiaries of oil reserves in the North Sea. The industry’s performance is heavily weighted towards oil production activities in these countries, with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine spurring a shift in Europe’s oil landscape. Revenue is forecast to decline at a compound annual rate of 5.6% to €236.1 billion over the five years through 2024. Revenue dropped during the pandemic, as tumbling oil prices were compounded by reduced global demand for oil. This was followed by a strong recovery in the following years, as a post-pandemic rebound in demand for oil led to a surge in prices. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to a further spike in prices in the following year, bolstering returns on investment. The lure of sky-high margins purred increased exploration activity in 2022, while Russia was able to redirect most of its oil exports to China and India in response to Western sanctions. Europe’s oil landscape continues to shift as nations seek to wean themselves off of Russian fossil fuels, with Norway looking like the main beneficiary of the change in dynamics. Revenue is forecast to drop by 21.7% in 2024. Over the five years through 2029, revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 5.4% to reach €306.7 billion. As geopolitical tensions persist, the potential for significant fluctuation in prices remains. However, as Europe continues to wean itself off Russian fossil fuels, there's an expectation of easing oil prices. By 2027, the EU aims to be completely free from Russian fossil fuels – a move that would open up opportunities for other oil producing nations, while placing pressure on Russia to continue to find alternative buyers of its oil. Ambitious decarbonisation targets threaten to contribute to a downward trend in oil consumption, weighing on long-term growth prospects.

The global oil and gas market has undergone profound changes during the past year, in the face of the rapid decline in global crude oil prices. By February 2016, prices for Brent crude dropped to US$32 a barrel, having been on a downward trend since late 2013 when they were around US$110 a barrel. This fall greatly disrupted investment plans in new construction projects, both at country and company level.
Mature oil-producing countries, such as those in the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC), have reduced their investment in oil and gas construction projects as continually high production keeps oil prices at a low level. The recent agreement between Saudi Arabia and Russia to peg back production to January levels is unlikely to have an inflationary effect on prices until other producers, such as Iran, become involved. Iran is again supplying oil and gas to the market after long-term sanctions were lifted, so a reduction in supply does not align with its economic strategy.
In the past few years, countries outside the Middle East have recorded the fastest growth in production and investment in oil and gas projects. Canada, with its exploitation of its huge oil sands resources to produce oil, and the US, with growth in its oil and gas industry prior to the oil price collapse, have asserted themselves, along with Russia, as leading suppliers in the industry. Read More

Oil prices stabilize following U.S. crude stock reductions and potential Russian tanker sanctions, reflecting complex global market dynamics.

In 2024, Russia produced approximately **** million barrels of oil daily, down from **** million barrels recorded in the previous year. The volume of crude oil, shale oil, oil sands, and natural gas liquids supplied by Russia continuously increased until 2019, making it the world’s third-largest oil producer. Over the next three decades, Russia was forecast to decrease its oil production under both the current trajectory and net-zero scenarios. Russia’s oil dependency The Russian oil industry is the major contributor to the country’s exports, which makes the country vulnerable to decreasing oil prices. Under the conservative scenario, the fuel and energy complex was forecast to decrease its share in the country’s gross domestic product from ** percent to ** percent between 2020 and 2040. OPEC deal – a reduction in Russian oil output? In 2016, Russia and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) reached an agreement, according to which Russia cut its oil production to facilitate the increase in crude oil prices. In compliance with the deal from December 2019, in the first quarter of 2020, Russia’s reduction quota reached 300 thousand barrels daily. In March 2020, the OPEC+ deal collapsed, as Russia refused to cut its oil output due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Starting from May 1, 2020, a new OPEC+ deal began, setting oil production cuts at 9.7 million barrels daily.

The Crude Petroleum Extraction industry in Europe can be volatile. Its performance largely hinges on global oil demand and prices, which in turn are impacted by geopolitical conditions and global economic activity. Most of Europe relies on imports for its crude oil and refined fuels, often from geopolitically unstable regions. Only Russia can count itself among the world’s largest oil producers, while Norway and the UK are the main beneficiaries of oil reserves in the North Sea. The industry’s performance is heavily weighted towards oil production activities in these countries, with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine spurring a shift in Europe’s oil landscape. Revenue is forecast to decline at a compound annual rate of 5.6% to €236.1 billion over the five years through 2024. Revenue dropped during the pandemic, as tumbling oil prices were compounded by reduced global demand for oil. This was followed by a strong recovery in the following years, as a post-pandemic rebound in demand for oil led to a surge in prices. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to a further spike in prices in the following year, bolstering returns on investment. The lure of sky-high margins purred increased exploration activity in 2022, while Russia was able to redirect most of its oil exports to China and India in response to Western sanctions. Europe’s oil landscape continues to shift as nations seek to wean themselves off of Russian fossil fuels, with Norway looking like the main beneficiary of the change in dynamics. Revenue is forecast to drop by 21.7% in 2024. Over the five years through 2029, revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 5.4% to reach €306.7 billion. As geopolitical tensions persist, the potential for significant fluctuation in prices remains. However, as Europe continues to wean itself off Russian fossil fuels, there's an expectation of easing oil prices. By 2027, the EU aims to be completely free from Russian fossil fuels – a move that would open up opportunities for other oil producing nations, while placing pressure on Russia to continue to find alternative buyers of its oil. Ambitious decarbonisation targets threaten to contribute to a downward trend in oil consumption, weighing on long-term growth prospects.

The price of Urals crude oil was recorded at 16.77 U.S. dollars per barrel below the benchmark Brent on September 20, 2023 (based on a rolling average of the past five days). The difference increased after a price cap on Russian oil was announced on December 2, 2022, and took effect on December 5, 2022, but it has been decreasing since end-March 2023. At the end of February 2022 and throughout March 2022, the discount rose significantly, reflecting the market reaction to the Russia-Ukraine war. In August 2023, the average price of Urals oil reached 74.5 U.S. dollars per barrel.

Russian oil price cap In December 2022, members of the G7, together with the European Union (EU) and Australia, limited the price of one barrel of Russian oil to 60 U.S. dollars in response to the war in Ukraine. The cap was planned to be reviewed every two months to reflect future market developments. The Russian government stated it would not supply oil to the countries imposing a price ceiling on its oil. While the effect of the ban on global oil prices is yet to be seen, it is expected that the ban would benefit other oil producing countries, as the EU would have to replace Russian supplies with other routes. Germany and Poland were the leading importers of Russian oil in the EU in 2021.

EU ban on Russian oil imports
The EU ban on Russian seaborne crude oil imports, announced in June 2022, took effect on December 5, 2022. Furthermore, refined petroleum products will be included from February 5, 2023. Even though the EU prohibited imports of Russian oil and refined products, it still allowed their transport to non-EU countries as long as they are purchased for 60 U.S. dollars per barrel or lower. As a result of the ban, Russia's oil production was forecast to decline to 438 million metric tons in 2022, down 10 percent from the previous year.

Petroleum refiners sell a variety of derivative products with wide usages across many different industries. Despite this strong level of diversification, refineries suffered greatly from global dips in demand for transport following the COVID-19 outbreak. Stay-at-home orders and closures of non-essential business in many European countries led to a sharp drop in demand for petrol, diesel and jet fuel as many car, ship and plane journeys came to a halt, causing industry revenue and profit to slump. Over the five years through 2025, European petroleum refineries’ revenue is anticipated to hike at a compound annual rate of 1.4% to €691.4 billion, including a projected swell of 5.8% in 2025. This is mostly the result of surging prices in 2022 and 2023 lifting industry revenue despite no significant increase in refining capacity or output. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to many European countries announcing they would wean themselves off Russian oil, causing a substantial and sustained rise in oil prices. These strong oil prices paved the way for a significant rebound in revenue for petroleum refiners. Despite this, oil price inflation has raised the operating costs for many downstream businesses, leading to many cutting consumption and switching to renewable sources of energy, as shown by the rising uptake of electric vehicles in countries like Norway, the Netherlands and the UK. The profitability of petroleum refineries is somewhat insulated by vertical integration with crude oil extractors, which adds stability to purchase costs. Passing on additional cost increases to their customers is another key way to maintain a healthy margin. Over the five years through 2030, petroleum refineries’ revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 2% to reach €1,099.7 billion, supported by an uptick in European construction and manufacturing after being constrained for multiple years due to strong economic headwinds. Long-term revenue prospects are set to deteriorate as the push for decarbonisation in many economies will see petroleum-derived products being phased out in favour of low-carbon options.

In 2024, the Russian olive oil market was finally on the rise to reach $77M after two years of decline. Over the period under review, the total consumption indicated mild growth from 2012 to 2024: its value increased at an average annual rate of +1.7% over the last twelve-year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period.

In Q1 2025, U.S. sunflower oil prices reflected significant volatility, shaped by evolving supply conditions, shifting demand patterns, and broader macroeconomic pressures. January began with a strong upward trajectory as constrained global sunflower seed production—driven by geopolitical tensions and adverse weather in Ukraine and Russia—led to tighter supply. The USDA projected a 10% drop in global output for the 2024/25 season, while rising soybean oil futures further supported sunflower oil’s price surge.

The Crude Petroleum Extraction industry in Europe can be volatile. Its performance largely hinges on global oil demand and prices, which in turn are impacted by geopolitical conditions and global economic activity. Most of Europe relies on imports for its crude oil and refined fuels, often from geopolitically unstable regions. Only Russia can count itself among the world’s largest oil producers, while Norway and the UK are the main beneficiaries of oil reserves in the North Sea. The industry’s performance is heavily weighted towards oil production activities in these countries, with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine spurring a shift in Europe’s oil landscape. Revenue is forecast to decline at a compound annual rate of 5.6% to €236.1 billion over the five years through 2024. Revenue dropped during the pandemic, as tumbling oil prices were compounded by reduced global demand for oil. This was followed by a strong recovery in the following years, as a post-pandemic rebound in demand for oil led to a surge in prices. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to a further spike in prices in the following year, bolstering returns on investment. The lure of sky-high margins purred increased exploration activity in 2022, while Russia was able to redirect most of its oil exports to China and India in response to Western sanctions. Europe’s oil landscape continues to shift as nations seek to wean themselves off of Russian fossil fuels, with Norway looking like the main beneficiary of the change in dynamics. Revenue is forecast to drop by 21.7% in 2024. Over the five years through 2029, revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 5.4% to reach €306.7 billion. As geopolitical tensions persist, the potential for significant fluctuation in prices remains. However, as Europe continues to wean itself off Russian fossil fuels, there's an expectation of easing oil prices. By 2027, the EU aims to be completely free from Russian fossil fuels – a move that would open up opportunities for other oil producing nations, while placing pressure on Russia to continue to find alternative buyers of its oil. Ambitious decarbonisation targets threaten to contribute to a downward trend in oil consumption, weighing on long-term growth prospects.

Petroleum refiners sell a variety of derivative products with wide usages across many different industries. Despite this strong level of diversification, refineries suffered greatly from global dips in demand for transport following the COVID-19 outbreak. Stay-at-home orders and closures of non-essential business in many European countries led to a sharp drop in demand for petrol, diesel and jet fuel as many car, ship and plane journeys came to a halt, causing industry revenue and profit to slump. Over the five years through 2025, European petroleum refineries’ revenue is anticipated to hike at a compound annual rate of 1.4% to €691.4 billion, including a projected swell of 5.8% in 2025. This is mostly the result of surging prices in 2022 and 2023 lifting industry revenue despite no significant increase in refining capacity or output. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to many European countries announcing they would wean themselves off Russian oil, causing a substantial and sustained rise in oil prices. These strong oil prices paved the way for a significant rebound in revenue for petroleum refiners. Despite this, oil price inflation has raised the operating costs for many downstream businesses, leading to many cutting consumption and switching to renewable sources of energy, as shown by the rising uptake of electric vehicles in countries like Norway, the Netherlands and the UK. The profitability of petroleum refineries is somewhat insulated by vertical integration with crude oil extractors, which adds stability to purchase costs. Passing on additional cost increases to their customers is another key way to maintain a healthy margin. Over the five years through 2030, petroleum refineries’ revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 2% to reach €1,099.7 billion, supported by an uptick in European construction and manufacturing after being constrained for multiple years due to strong economic headwinds. Long-term revenue prospects are set to deteriorate as the push for decarbonisation in many economies will see petroleum-derived products being phased out in favour of low-carbon options.

The Crude Petroleum Extraction industry in Europe can be volatile. Its performance largely hinges on global oil demand and prices, which in turn are impacted by geopolitical conditions and global economic activity. Most of Europe relies on imports for its crude oil and refined fuels, often from geopolitically unstable regions. Only Russia can count itself among the world’s largest oil producers, while Norway and the UK are the main beneficiaries of oil reserves in the North Sea. The industry’s performance is heavily weighted towards oil production activities in these countries, with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine spurring a shift in Europe’s oil landscape. Revenue is forecast to decline at a compound annual rate of 5.6% to €236.1 billion over the five years through 2024. Revenue dropped during the pandemic, as tumbling oil prices were compounded by reduced global demand for oil. This was followed by a strong recovery in the following years, as a post-pandemic rebound in demand for oil led to a surge in prices. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to a further spike in prices in the following year, bolstering returns on investment. The lure of sky-high margins purred increased exploration activity in 2022, while Russia was able to redirect most of its oil exports to China and India in response to Western sanctions. Europe’s oil landscape continues to shift as nations seek to wean themselves off of Russian fossil fuels, with Norway looking like the main beneficiary of the change in dynamics. Revenue is forecast to drop by 21.7% in 2024. Over the five years through 2029, revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 5.4% to reach €306.7 billion. As geopolitical tensions persist, the potential for significant fluctuation in prices remains. However, as Europe continues to wean itself off Russian fossil fuels, there's an expectation of easing oil prices. By 2027, the EU aims to be completely free from Russian fossil fuels – a move that would open up opportunities for other oil producing nations, while placing pressure on Russia to continue to find alternative buyers of its oil. Ambitious decarbonisation targets threaten to contribute to a downward trend in oil consumption, weighing on long-term growth prospects.

In 2024, after two years of growth, there was significant decline in the Russian tall oil market, when its value decreased by -12.4% to $1B. In general, consumption saw a relatively flat trend pattern. As a result, consumption reached the peak level of $1.5B. From 2020 to 2024, the growth of the market remained at a lower figure.