As of January 1, 2025, more than 146 million people were estimated to be residing on the Russian territory, down approximately 30,000 from the previous year. From the second half of the 20th century, the population steadily grew until 1995. Furthermore, the population size saw an increase from 2009, getting closer to the 1995 figures. In which regions do most Russians live? With some parts of Russia known for their harsh climate, most people choose regions which offer more comfortable conditions. The largest share of the Russian population, or 40 million, reside in the Central Federal District. Moscow, the capital, is particularly populated, counting nearly 13 million residents. Russia’s population projections Despite having the largest country area worldwide, Russia’s population was predicted to follow a negative trend under both low and medium expectation forecasts. Under the low expectation forecast, the country’s population was expected to drop from 146 million in 2022 to 134 million in 2036. The medium expectation scenario projected a milder drop to 143 million in 2036. The issues of low birth rates and high death rates in Russia are aggravated by the increasing desire to emigrate among young people. In 2023, more than 20 percent of the residents aged 18 to 24 years expressed their willingness to leave Russia.

The total population in Russia was estimated at 146.2 million people in 2024, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. This dataset provides - Russia Population - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Historical chart and dataset showing total population for Russia by year from 1950 to 2025.

As of January 1, 2024, the largest share of individuals aged 80 years and older in Russia was represented by women, at almost 75 percent. Meanwhile, men outnumbered women in all age categories up to 29 years. The age group between 30 and 39 years was distributed approximately equally between the two genders.

In 2024, the total population of Russia was around 146.1 million people. Only a fraction of them live in the major Russian cities. With almost 12.5 million inhabitants, Moscow is the largest of them. In the upcoming years until 2030, the population was forecast to decline.Russia's economy Russia is one of the major economies in the world and is one of the wealthiest nations. Following the 1998 Russian financial crisis, Russia introduced several structural reforms that allowed for a fast economic recovery. Following these reforms, Russia experienced significant economic growth from the early 2000s and improved living standards in general for the country. A reason for the momentous economical boost was the rise in commodity prices as well as a boom in the total amount of consumer credit. Additionally, Russia is highly dependent on the mining and production of natural resources, primarily in the energy department, in order to promote economic growth in the country. Due to large energy reserves throughout the country, Russia has developed a stable economy capable of sustaining itself for many years into the future. The majority of Russian oil and energy reserves are located in the Western Siberian areas. These natural gas liquids, along with oil reserves that consist of crude oil, shale oil and oil sands are constantly used for the production of consumable oil, which is an annually growing industry in Russia. Oil products are one of Russia’s primary exports and the country is able to profit entirely off of sales due to high prices as well as high demand for such goods.

Key information about Russia population

• The Russia population reached 146.0 million people in Dec 2024, compared with the previously reported figure of 146.2 million people in Dec 2023
• The data reached an all-time high of 148.6 million people in Dec 1992 and a record low of 101.4 million people in Dec 1949

• In the latest reports, Russia Unemployment Rate remained the same at 2.4 % in Jul 2024
• Monthly earnings of the Russia population was 900.8 USD in Oct 2024
• Russia Labour Force Participation Rate increased to 68.4 % in Feb 2024

Population, total in Russia was reported at 143533851 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population, total - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

In all age groups until 29 years old, there were more men than women in Russia as of January 1, 2024. After that age, the female population outnumbered the male population in each category. The most represented age group in the country was from 35 to 39 years old, with approximately *** million women and *** million men. Male-to-female ratio in Russia The number of men in Russia was historically lower than the number of women, which was a result of population losses during World War I and World War II. In 1950, in the age category from 25 to 29 years, ** men were recorded per 100 women in the Soviet Union. In today’s Russia, the female-to-male ratio in the same age group reached *** women per 1,000 men. Russia has the highest life expectancy gender gap The World Health Organization estimated the average life expectancy of women across the world at over five years longer than men. In Russia, this gap between genders exceeded 10 years. According to the study “Burden of disease in Russia, 1980-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016,” Russia had the highest gender difference in life expectancy worldwide.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of Russia by gender, including both male and female populations. This dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Russia across both sexes and to determine which sex constitutes the majority.

Key observations

There is a slight majority of male population, with 52.68% of total population being male. Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2018-2022 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2018-2022 5-Year Estimates.

Scope of gender :

Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis. No further analysis is done on the data reported from the Census Bureau.

Variables / Data Columns

• Gender: This column displays the Gender (Male / Female)
• Population: The population of the gender in the Russia is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each gender as a proportion of Russia total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Russia Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

Population ages 20-24, male (% of male population) in Russia was reported at 5.4985 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population ages 20-24, male (% of male population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

The share of children aged between zero and four years in Russia in the total population of children up to 12 years old has been declining. As of 2021, children younger than five years old accounted for 35 percent of children, with forecast suggesting a further decline in this age group. The share of children aged between 10 and 12 has increased over the years, while remaining the lowest of all presented age groups.

Population: CF: City of Moscow data was reported at 13,258,262.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 13,149,803.000 Person for 2023. Population: CF: City of Moscow data is updated yearly, averaging 11,139,139.500 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,258,262.000 Person in 2024 and a record low of 8,880,124.000 Person in 1989. Population: CF: City of Moscow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA002: Population: by Region.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Russia population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Russia across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Russia was 724, a 1.12% increase year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Russia population was 716, a decline of 0.28% compared to a population of 718 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Russia increased by 171. In this period, the peak population was 724 in the year 2020. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Russia is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Russia population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Russia Population by Year. You can refer the same here

Population: FE: Khabarovsk Territory data was reported at 1,273,093.000 Person in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,278,132.000 Person for 2023. Population: FE: Khabarovsk Territory data is updated yearly, averaging 1,357,371.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,624,704.000 Person in 1990 and a record low of 1,273,093.000 Person in 2024. Population: FE: Khabarovsk Territory data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA002: Population: by Region.

Population: NC: Republic of Ingushetia data was reported at 534,219.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 527,220.000 Person for 2023. Population: NC: Republic of Ingushetia data is updated yearly, averaging 431,474.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 534,219.000 Person in 2024 and a record low of 189,340.000 Person in 1989. Population: NC: Republic of Ingushetia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA002: Population: by Region.

Population ages 0-14, male (% of male population) in Russia was reported at 19.12 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population ages 0-14, male (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Population, female (% of total population) in Russia was reported at 53.57 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population, female (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Population ages 65 and above, male in Russia was reported at 8360431 Persons in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population ages 65 and above, male - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Population: SF: Republic of Kalmykia data was reported at 267,376.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 266,770.000 Person for 2023. Population: SF: Republic of Kalmykia data is updated yearly, averaging 291,752.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 327,956.000 Person in 1990 and a record low of 264,483.000 Person in 2022. Population: SF: Republic of Kalmykia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA002: Population: by Region.

The urban population of Russia increased by **** percent between 2023 and 2024, while the rural population saw a decrease of **** percent in the same period. Significant peaks were recorded for the rural population in 1992 and 2004, when it grew by respective **** and **** percent, partly at the expense of the urban population decline. As for the urban population, the growth rates were strictly negative between 1995 and 2006.