As of January 1, 2025, more than 146 million people were estimated to be residing on the Russian territory, down approximately 30,000 from the previous year. From the second half of the 20th century, the population steadily grew until 1995. Furthermore, the population size saw an increase from 2009, getting closer to the 1995 figures. In which regions do most Russians live? With some parts of Russia known for their harsh climate, most people choose regions which offer more comfortable conditions. The largest share of the Russian population, or 40 million, reside in the Central Federal District. Moscow, the capital, is particularly populated, counting nearly 13 million residents. Russia’s population projections Despite having the largest country area worldwide, Russia’s population was predicted to follow a negative trend under both low and medium expectation forecasts. Under the low expectation forecast, the country’s population was expected to drop from 146 million in 2022 to 134 million in 2036. The medium expectation scenario projected a milder drop to 143 million in 2036. The issues of low birth rates and high death rates in Russia are aggravated by the increasing desire to emigrate among young people. In 2023, more than 20 percent of the residents aged 18 to 24 years expressed their willingness to leave Russia.

Due to the devastating impact of the Second World War on the Soviet population, the total population in 1950 was almost 15.5 million fewer than in 1940, which is a decrease of eight percent. In Russia (RSFSR), the largest of the Soviet states, the population difference was almost nine million people; also eight percent. It would take until 1955 for the populations of either the USSR or Russia to reach their pre-war levels, which was a decade after the conflict had ended. Urbanization Despite this drop in total population, industrialization and urbanization saw a significant change in the USSR's population distribution between the given years. The Soviet urban population increased by 6.3 million, or ten percent, between 1940 and 1950; 5.8 million of this was in Russia, which was a 15 percent increase. In contrast, the Soviet Union's rural population dropped by 21.8 million (a 17 percent change), 14.5 million of which in Russia (a decrease of 20 percent). In terms of overall population, the urban population of the USSR rose from 33 to 39 percent between 1940 and 1950, and from 34 to 43 percent in Russia. By 1955, 44 percent of the Soviet population, and 49 percent of the Russian population, lived in an urban setting.

The total population in Russia was estimated at 146.2 million people in 2024, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. This dataset provides - Russia Population - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This statistic shows the total population of Russia from 2019 to 2023, with projections up until 2029. In 2023, the total population of Russia was around 146.3 million people. Only a fraction of them live in the major Russian cities. With almost 12.5 million inhabitants, Moscow is largest of them. Russia's economy Russia holds the sixth largest economy in the world and is one of wealthiest nations. Following the 1998 Russian financial crisis, Russia introduced several structural reforms that allowed for a fast economical recovery. Following these reforms, Russia experienced significant economic growth from the early 2000s and improved living standards in general for the country. A reason for the momentous economical boost was the rise in commodity prices as well as a boom in the total amount of consumer credit. Additionally, Russia is highly dependent on the mining and production of natural resources, primarily in the energy department, in order to promote economic growth in the country. Due to large energy reserves throughout the country, Russia has developed a stable economy capable of sustaining itself for many years into the future. The majority of Russian oil and energy reserves are located in the Western Siberian areas. These natural gas liquids, along with oil reserves that consist of crude oil, shale oil and oil sands are constantly used for the production of consumable oil, which is an annually growing industry in Russia. Oil products are one of Russia’s primary exports and the country is able to profit entirely off of sales due to high prices as well as high demand for such goods.

In 2023, there were approximately 500 thousand more deaths than births recorded in Russia. That was almost half as low compared to the previous year, when the largest drop in natural population increase was recorded in Russia. A positive natural increase was recorded in 1990 and from 2013 to 2016, with the highest value measured at roughly 333 thousand persons in 1990.

Russia Population: Female: Age 15 to 19: 18 Years data was reported at 673,169.000 Person in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 636,329.000 Person for 2017. Russia Population: Female: Age 15 to 19: 18 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 1,051,788.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2018, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,275,036.000 Person in 2001 and a record low of 636,329.000 Person in 2017. Russia Population: Female: Age 15 to 19: 18 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA007: Population: by Age: 0 to 100 Years: Female.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of Russia by gender, including both male and female populations. This dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Russia across both sexes and to determine which sex constitutes the majority.

Key observations

There is a slight majority of male population, with 50.48% of total population being male. Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Scope of gender :

Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis. No further analysis is done on the data reported from the Census Bureau.

Variables / Data Columns

• Gender: This column displays the Gender (Male / Female)
• Population: The population of the gender in the Russia is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each gender as a proportion of Russia total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Russia Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

The annual population growth in Russia increased by 0.1 percentage points in 2023 in comparison to the previous year. Accordingly, 2023 was the first time during the observed period that the population growth has increased in Russia. Population growth refers to the annual change in population, and is based on the balance between birth and death rates, as well as migration.Find more statistics on other topics about Russia with key insights such as share of urban population in the total population.

Russia Population: Age 40 to 44: 43 Years data was reported at 2,060,460.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,007,009.000 Person for 2016. Russia Population: Age 40 to 44: 43 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 2,179,647.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2017, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,613,123.000 Person in 2003 and a record low of 1,755,777.000 Person in 1989. Russia Population: Age 40 to 44: 43 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA005: Population: by Age: 0 to 100 Years.

Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) in Russia was reported at 23.77 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2025.

Population ages 15-64, total in Russia was reported at 94753195 Persons in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population ages 15-64, total - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2025.

The urban population of Russia shrank by 0.2 percent between 2022 and 2023, while the rural population saw a decrease of 0.46 percent in the same period. Significant peaks happened in 1992 and 2004, when the rural population grew by respective 1.88 and 0.85 percent, partly at the expense of the urban population decline. As for the urban population, the growth rates were strictly negative between 1991 and 2006.

Abstract

The All-Russian Population Census 2010 is the first census of the Russian Federation population since 2002 and the second in its post-Soviet history. Preparations for the census began in 2007 and it took place between October 14 and October 25.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households;
• Individuals.

Universe

The census covers all persons permanently residing in Russia.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Population: Central Federal District (CF) data was reported at 40,263,717.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 40,198,659.000 Person for 2023. Population: Central Federal District (CF) data is updated yearly, averaging 38,273,458.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 40,418,360.000 Person in 2019 and a record low of 37,946,810.000 Person in 2002. Population: Central Federal District (CF) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.GA002: Population: by Region.

Russia Population: Age 55 to 59: 58 Years data was reported at 2,187,301.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,192,283.000 Person for 2016. Russia Population: Age 55 to 59: 58 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 1,768,530.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2017, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,192,283.000 Person in 2016 and a record low of 656,120.000 Person in 2001. Russia Population: Age 55 to 59: 58 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA005: Population: by Age: 0 to 100 Years.

Graph and download economic data for Infra-Annual Labor Statistics: Labor Force Male: From 15 to 74 Years for Russia (LFAC74MARUA647N) from 1992 to 2021 about 15 to 74 years, Russia, males, labor force, and labor.

Russia Population: Working Age: Urban data was reported at 62,717,024.000 Person in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 63,372,548.000 Person for 2015. Russia Population: Working Age: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 64,965,668.500 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2016, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 67,768,037.000 Person in 2003 and a record low of 62,717,024.000 Person in 2016. Russia Population: Working Age: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA012: Population: Working Age: by Region.

Population ages 20-24, female (% of female population) in Russia was reported at 4.4695 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population ages 20-24, female (% of female population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on January of 2025.

Population ages 05-09, male (% of male population) in Russia was reported at 7.075 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population ages 5-9, male (% of male population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2025.

Population ages 05-09, female (% of female population) in Russia was reported at 5.806 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population ages 5-9, female (% of female population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2025.