As of 2024, the number of women exceeded that of men in Russia in all age categories above 30 years. The lowest female-to-male ratio was recorded among Russians between 20 and 24 years old, measuring at 932 women per 1,000 men. Within the category aged 70 years and older, the number of women was approximately 2.1 times higher than that of men. Fertility rate in Russia According to the United Nations' report World Population Prospects 2019, Russia could have less than 84 million population by 2100. Despite the numerous programs implemented by the government to encourage births, such as maternal capital benefits, the fertility rate has been declining in recent years. One contributing factor was a decline in births in the early 1990s, which resulted in fewer Russian women entering reproductive age. Maternity capital benefits in Russia Launched in 2007, the maternal capital program by the Russian state announced that a woman, or in particular cases, a man receiving a second child would receive a bonus from the government. They could decide to spend on mortgage, pension of the parent, or education of a child. The main objective of the program, which was introduced in 2007, was resolving the demographic problem. In 2020, the program was slated for extension until 2026, with a subsidy per family receiving a second child increased and set to be indexed annually. Furthermore, the program also applied to mothers receiving their first child starting from 2020.

The gap between the number of women and men in Russia was measured at approximately 10.3 million as of January 1, 2024, with the female population of the country historically outnumbering the male population. Both genders saw a decrease in inhabitants compared to the previous year. Why are there more women than men in Russia? One of the factors explaining gender imbalance in modern Russia is the gap in average life expectancy between the genders. In 2022, Russian women outlived men by around 10 years. In particular, working-age men were six times more likely to die from external causes of death, such as accidents and suicides, compared to working age women in that year. Furthermore, partial mobilization announced as a result of the Russia-Ukraine war resulted in a mass exodus of young men fleeing from conscription. In response to the government’s call to recruit up to 300,000 reservists in end-September 2022, Google search interest in the term "How to leave Russia" increased sharply. Gender imbalance and its consequences for Russia In Russia, the labor market remains highly segregated by gender. Manual jobs in equipment operation, metal industry, manufacturing, and mechanics are male dominated. The labor shortage in these spheres could limit the country’s potential for increased industrial production. Furthermore, fewer men exacerbate the issue of falling births in Russia. In 2023, only 1.26 million births were recorded nationwide, the lowest over the past decade. Coupled with a decreasing number of working-age men, such a decline in live births could lead to less innovation, a larger share of retired people, and rising government expenditure on pensions and healthcare.

In all age groups until 29 years old, there were more men than women in Russia as of January 1, 2024. After that age, the female population outnumbered the male population in each category. The most represented age group in the country was from 35 to 39 years old, with approximately *** million women and *** million men. Male-to-female ratio in Russia The number of men in Russia was historically lower than the number of women, which was a result of population losses during World War I and World War II. In 1950, in the age category from 25 to 29 years, ** men were recorded per 100 women in the Soviet Union. In today’s Russia, the female-to-male ratio in the same age group reached *** women per 1,000 men. Russia has the highest life expectancy gender gap The World Health Organization estimated the average life expectancy of women across the world at over five years longer than men. In Russia, this gap between genders exceeded 10 years. According to the study “Burden of disease in Russia, 1980-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016,” Russia had the highest gender difference in life expectancy worldwide.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of Russia by gender, including both male and female populations. This dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Russia across both sexes and to determine which sex constitutes the majority.

Key observations

There is a slight majority of male population, with 50.48% of total population being male. Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Scope of gender :

Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis. No further analysis is done on the data reported from the Census Bureau.

Variables / Data Columns

• Gender: This column displays the Gender (Male / Female)
• Population: The population of the gender in the Russia is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each gender as a proportion of Russia total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Russia Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

Graph and download economic data for Ratio of Female to Male Primary School Enrollment for the Russian Federation (SEENRPRIMFMZSRUS) from 1981 to 2019 about primary schooling, enrolled, Russia, females, males, ratio, and primary.

School enrollment, tertiary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) in Russia was reported at 1.107 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

As of January 1, 2024, the largest share of individuals aged 80 years and older in Russia was represented by women, at almost 75 percent. Meanwhile, men outnumbered women in all age categories up to 29 years. The age group between 30 and 39 years was distributed approximately equally between the two genders.

Population: Female: CF: Moscow Region data was reported at 4,541,353.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,506,033.000 Person for 2022. Population: Female: CF: Moscow Region data is updated yearly, averaging 3,717,618.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2023, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,541,353.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of 3,569,207.000 Person in 2000. Population: Female: CF: Moscow Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA010: Population: Female: by Region.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of Russia town by gender, including both male and female populations. This dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Russia town across both sexes and to determine which sex constitutes the majority.

Key observations

There is a majority of male population, with 54.37% of total population being male. Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Scope of gender :

Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis. No further analysis is done on the data reported from the Census Bureau.

Variables / Data Columns

• Gender: This column displays the Gender (Male / Female)
• Population: The population of the gender in the Russia town is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each gender as a proportion of Russia town total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Russia town Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of Russian Mission by gender, including both male and female populations. This dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Russian Mission across both sexes and to determine which sex constitutes the majority.

Key observations

There is a majority of male population, with 53.47% of total population being male. Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Scope of gender :

Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis. No further analysis is done on the data reported from the Census Bureau.

Variables / Data Columns

• Gender: This column displays the Gender (Male / Female)
• Population: The population of the gender in the Russian Mission is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each gender as a proportion of Russian Mission total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Russian Mission Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

Approximately 55 percent of Russian women and 70 percent of men aged 15 years and above were economically active in 2022. Both female and male labor force participation rates saw a slight decrease from the previous year. Over the period under consideration, the share of women that were part of the labor force peaked at nearly 56.4 percent in 2011.

Russia: Ratio of female to male students in tertiary level education: The latest value from 2022 is 1.11 percent, a decline from 1.14 percent in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 1.21 percent, based on data from 117 countries. Historically, the average for Russia from 1971 to 2022 is 1.2 percent. The minimum value, 1.11 percent, was reached in 2022 while the maximum of 1.28 percent was recorded in 1986.

Sex ratio at birth (male births per female births) in Russia was reported at 1.057 in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Sex ratio at birth (male births per female births) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

The Second World War had a sever impact on gender ratios across European countries, particularly in the Soviet Union. While the United States had a balanced gender ratio of one man for every woman, in the Soviet Union the ratio was below 5:4 in favor of women, and in Soviet Russia this figure was closer to 4:3.

As young men were disproportionately killed during the war, this had long-term implications for demographic development, where the generation who would have typically started families in the 1940s was severely depleted in many countries.

In 2021, the share of actively employed men relative to the entire male population was superior to the corresponding female cluster in every observed age group. The age frames between 30 to 44 years had the highest male employment rate. In the group between 55 and 59 years, under ** percent of the female population was employed, relative to the over ** percent of working men.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of Russia township by gender, including both male and female populations. This dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Russia township across both sexes and to determine which sex constitutes the majority.

Key observations

There is a slight majority of female population, with 51.06% of total population being female. Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Scope of gender :

Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis. No further analysis is done on the data reported from the Census Bureau.

Variables / Data Columns

• Gender: This column displays the Gender (Male / Female)
• Population: The population of the gender in the Russia township is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each gender as a proportion of Russia township total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Russia township Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) in Russia was reported at 0.97982 % in 2019, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (national estimate) in Russia was reported at 79.73 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (national estimate) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

School enrollment, primary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) in Russia was reported at 0.9904 % in 2019, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Ratio of female to male primary enrollment - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Population: Female: NC: Republic of Dagestan data was reported at 1,634,193.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,625,523.000 Person for 2022. Population: Female: NC: Republic of Dagestan data is updated yearly, averaging 1,414,065.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2023, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,634,193.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of 961,923.000 Person in 1989. Population: Female: NC: Republic of Dagestan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Demographic and Labour Market – Table RU.GA010: Population: Female: by Region.