In educational psychology, observational units are oftentimes nested within superordinate groups. Researchers need to account for hierarchy in the data by means of multilevel modeling, but especially in three-level longitudinal models, it is often unclear which sample size is necessary for reliable parameter estimation. To address this question, we generated a population dataset based on a study in the field of educational psychology, consisting of 3000 classrooms (level-3) with 55000 students (level-2) measured at 5 occasions (level-1), including predictors on each level and interaction effects. Drawing from this data, we realized 1000 random samples each for various sample and missing value conditions and compared analysis results with the true population parameters. We found that sampling at least 15 level-2 units each in 35 level-3 units results in unbiased fixed effects estimates, whereas higher-level random effects variance estimates require larger samples. Overall, increasing the level-2 sample size most strongly improves estimation soundness. We further discuss how data characteristics influence parameter estimation and provide specific sample size recommendations.

The College Student Mental and Physical Health Dataset originates from the Consortium of Mind-body Promotion for Chinese Students, a large-scale longitudinal cohort research initiative jointly launched by the research team of Dr. Gao-Xia Wei at the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with dozens of universities across China.Formally established in August 2021, the consortium is committed to two major goals:(1) to build a risk prediction model for mental health based on physical parameters such as physical activity levels, fitness status, and body constitution, thereby substantially improving the accuracy of existing psychological models and identifying individuals at risk; and(2) to develop non-pharmacological and exercise-based intervention strategies for mental disorders, establishing personalized physical activity as a scientifically validated approach for both the prevention and treatment of psychological problems among university students.The project seeks to address the coexisting challenges of low physical fitness and high prevalence of mental health issues in the university population by proposing proactive strategies that reduce emotional dysregulation and problematic behaviors, thereby significantly advancing student mental health support services and contributing to the resolution of critical issues in student psychological well-being across China.This sample dataset presents a case sample drawn from the first phase of the project (2021–2024), comprising a total of 175,267 original questionnaire responses. The present dataset includes data from 1,000 university students within the Healthy Lifestyle Cohort, focusing on depression, anxiety, and key health-related behaviors such as physical activity, diet, and sleep. The project adopts a cohort-based longitudinal design, with plans for annual repeated assessments, aiming to systematically elucidate the protective role of physical activity in mitigating the impact of risky lifestyles on emotional health. The dataset will continue to expand through long-term tracking and broader sampling, with the ultimate goal of building a multi-wave, multimodal, and multi-population data platform for monitoring and intervening in student mental health in China. This platform will provide a robust scientific foundation for advancing mental health education in universities and enhancing public health intervention services in the context of contemporary China.

Data presented in this paper related to Malaysian university reaerch-based students’ perceptions that affect their psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 384 was drawn from approximately 193,570 population both Ph.D. and research-based Master students who are currently studying in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect the data. Data were collected through an online survey questionnaire. The surveys were administered to the Ph.D. and research-based master’s students between June 15 and June 29, 2020, with the support of Internet platforms (Institutional Email, Google Form, WhatsApp), and resulted in valid 103 responses. The response rate is 26.82%. Demographic information data were collected by using 11 items. Psychological impact data were collected by using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and research progress, academic life and daily life related data were collected by using 3 items.

data set from across cultures. Data collected via lab based research and via MTurk.

Study 1 (Exploratory factor analysis) and study 3 (Validity - relationship to health-promoting behaviour) dataset

Note. JP  =  Journal of Personality, JRP  =  Journal of Research in Personality, PSPB  =  Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, JPSP  =  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, JESP  =  Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, PS  =  Psychological Science (social/personality articles only), JPSP:ASC  =  Attitudes and Social Cognition section of JPSP, JPSP:IRGP  =  Interpersonal Relations and Group Processes section of JPSP, JPSP:PPID  =  Personality Processes and Individual Differences section of JPSP. Power values assume a two-tailed test with an alpha level of .05.Statistical Power to Detect Various Population Effect Sizes across Journals.

Data collected from U.S. workers. Survey delivered and sample obtained using Prolific (https://www.prolific.co/), with a sample representative of the U.S. population across age, gender and ethnicity. The high performance cycle questionnaire was developed by Borgogni and Dello Russo (2012). A self-report questionnaire developed by Onwezen, van Veldhoven and Biron (2014) was used to assess job performance. Data was transferred to SPSS AMOS for structural equation modeling analysis.

Recent years have highlighted the increasing need to promote mental well-being in the general population. This has led to a rapidly growing market of fully automated digital mental well-being tools. Although many individuals have started using these tools in their daily lives, evidence on the overall effectiveness of digital mental well-being tools is currently lacking. The objective of the current study was therefore to review evidence on the effectiveness of fully automated digital interventions to promote mental well-being in the general population. Following preregistration of the systematic review protocol on PROSPERO (registration: CRD42022310702), searches were carried out in: Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, PsychINFO, PsychEXTRA, Scopus and ACM Digital (initial searches in February 2022; updated in October 2022). Studies were included if they contained a general population sample and a fully automated digital intervention that exclusively employed psychological mental well-being promotion activities. Two reviewers, blinded to each other’s decisions, conducted data selection, extraction and quality assessment of the included studies. A narrative synthesis and a random-effects model of Per Protocol (PP) data were adopted. The study beckons a fresh understanding of the effectiveness, merits, and demerits of fully automated digital mental well-being interventions for the general populace. It accentuates the imperative for future research and practice to heed these findings while crafting new digital tools. A call to arms is made for further examination of positive psychology and cognitive behavioural therapy-based tools, along with the development of robust strategies to bolster adherence and curb dropout rates in these digital interventions. Ultimately, the quest to comprehend the specific circumstances and demographics where these interventions shine the brightest remains a pivotal avenue for ensuing research and practice. Extensive searches were executed across various reputable databases such as MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and others, from February to October 2022. The inclusion criteria centred on studies encompassing a general population sample and a fully automated digital intervention, focusing solely on activities promoting psychological mental well-being. A duo of blind reviewers undertook the data selection, extraction, and quality assessment of the identified studies, adopting a narrative synthesis and a random-effects model for per-protocol data.

Psychometric performance of the Couples Gaslighting Scale in the Peruvian and Mexican population sample

The data is from an experimental study of a simple random sample of about 1000 adults from the Swedish population. The sample is similar by gender, age, income and education to this population. In addition, we have a high response rate, and can detect no differences between non-response and response groups by the comparison variables we have access to. In all relevant respects, we have a representative sample of the Swedish population, and one of the larger samples in the experimental economics literature. The experimental data measures preferences in a broad range of standard incentivized decisions related to altruism, fairness, cooperation, trust, coordination, risk and competitiveness. Different treatments vary the salience of the participant’s own gender, as well as the gender of the counterpart. While gender differences in previous experimental studies typically are studied without controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, we have data on age, gender income and education and other sociodemographic variables.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to explore gender differences in a wide range of economic preferences in a representative sample. We will use a battery of standard games typically used in experimental economics and psychology, as well as common measures of risk preferences, competitiveness and time preferences. We will explore the same games and measures in three contexts, i.e with three settings, designed to explore different aspects of potential gender differences. These three settings will be investigated using three different treatments for each game and measure.

The survey is an OSU of the Swedish population aged 18-73 years from 2011-08-19. It has been implemented by two methods, telephone interviews and distribution of printed questionnaires. Of the sample, 800 respondents answered by postal questionnaire.

Loss Accounting:

The size of the sample was 800 to the postal questionnaire. Gross Selection: 800. Net Selection (correct address): 763. Submitted surveys: 374. Refusal - Do not participate, including submitted blank questionnaire: 8. For late-breaking surveys: 11. No contact: 370.

This data was used for the article: "Mindfulness and Balanced Time Perspective: predictive model of Psychological Well-Being and gender differences in college students", which had the following aims: (1) establish an adjustment model to analyze the relationship between Mindfulness, BTP and PWB in university population, and (2) to make an exploratory analysis regarding gender differences in Mindfulness, BTP and PWB.

This data shows the scores on the scales used to measure Mindfulness, Time Perspective and Psychological Well-Being (FFMQ, ZPTI and SPWB respectively) of college student from the Universidad de Concepción. The sample consists of a total of 380 students, ages ranging from 18 to 25 years old. Of these, 160 are men and 220 women. The initial sample was 407 participants, of which 27 were randomly selected to obtain a uniform stratified sample of 20 participants for each of the 19 faculties of the Universidad de Concepción. The data set aside was used later to validate the regression model.

This research aimed to study the psychometric properties of the Stress Mindset Measure (SMM) in a non-clinical sample of the Iranian population. The Stress Mindset Measure is a psychometrically robust scale consisting of 8 items to assess whether individuals hold a stress-is-enhancing or stress-is-debilitating mindset. To evaluate the psychometric properties of this measure, we recruited 161 men and 239 women from the University of Tehran community.

aANOVA and Chi-square, respectively, comparing the different samples. For some variables there are missing data and N does not equal number of total patients. Percentages are based on available data.bTreatment resistance was defined as at least 2 antidepressant treatment attempts with an adequate duration and dosage according to Souery et al.N/A: data not available.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) is a longitudinal survey of ageing and quality of life among older people that explores the dynamic relationships between health and functioning, social networks and participation, and economic position as people plan for, move into and progress beyond retirement. The main objectives of ELSA are to: construct waves of accessible and well-documented panel data; provide these data in a convenient and timely fashion to the scientific and policy research community; describe health trajectories, disability and healthy life expectancy in a representative sample of the English population aged 50 and over; examine the relationship between economic position and health; investigate the determinants of economic position in older age; describe the timing of retirement and post-retirement labour market activity; and understand the relationships between social support, household structure and the transfer of assets. Further information may be found on the ELSA project website, the or Natcen Social Research: ELSA web pages. Health conditions research with ELSA - June 2021 The ELSA Data team have found some issues with historical data measuring health conditions. If you are intending to do any analysis looking at the following health conditions, then please contact elsadata@natcen.ac.uk for advice on how you should approach your analysis. The affected conditions are: eye conditions (glaucoma; diabetic eye disease; macular degeneration; cataract), CVD conditions (high blood pressure; angina; heart attack; Congestive Heart Failure; heart murmur; abnormal heart rhythm; diabetes; stroke; high cholesterol; other heart trouble) and chronic health conditions (chronic lung disease; asthma; arthritis; osteoporosis; cancer; Parkinson's Disease; emotional, nervous or psychiatric problems; Alzheimer's Disease; dementia; malignant blood disorder; multiple sclerosis or motor neurone disease). For information on obtaining data from ELSA that are not held at the UKDS, see the ELSA Genetic data access and Accessing ELSA data webpages. Harmonized dataset: Users of the Harmonized dataset who prefer to use the Stata version will need access to Stata MP software, as the version G3 file contains 11,779 variables (the limit for the standard Stata 'Intercooled' version is 2,047). ELSA COVID-19 study: A separate ad-hoc study conducted with ELSA respondents, measuring the socio-economic effects/psychological impact of the lockdown on the aged 50+ population of England, is also available under SN 8688, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing COVID-19 Study. ELSA Waves 9 and 10 data updated releases: For the 41st edition (August 2024), Wave 10 EUL and pension grid datasets have been redeposited, with additional variables made available to researchers. The Core EUL dataset now also contains survey weights. The datasets replace the preliminary versions originally made available in January 2024. The Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) Derived Variable (DV) and Financial DV datasets from Wave 10 have also been deposited, with additional documentation and data dictionaries for each dataset, and the corresponding IFS files for Wave 9 revised.For the 42nd edition (September 2024), the Wave 9 pension grid dataset has been updated to include additional derived variables relating to pension provider (demppen), pension type (ddbdc), and pension scheme membership status (dcurpen). A corresponding data dictionary has been added.For the 43rd edition (September 2024), the data files for Wave 9 and Wave 10 have been updated to include a variable previously omitted. The Wave 10 data dictionaries has been updated accordingly. The Wave 10 Technical Report has also been added, and the Interviewer Data User Guide has been updated to cover Waves 1-10. Wave 10 Health data Users should note that in Wave 10, the health section of the ELSA questionnaire has been revised and all respondents were asked anew about their health conditions, rather than following the prior approach of asking those who had taken part in the past waves to confirm previously recorded conditions. Due to this reason, the health conditions feed-forward data will not be archived, as was done in previous waves. Main Topics: For a full table of topics and questions covered across all the ELSA waves, see the all waves user guide in the documentation. Standard Measures used in ELSA: Rose Angina Questionnaire: Rose, G. and Blackburn, H. (1986) Cardiovascular survey methods, World Health Organization MonographEdinburgh Claudication Questionnaire: Leng, G. and Fowkes, F. (1992) 'The Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire: an improved version of the WHO/Rose Questionnaire for use in epidemiological surveys', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 45, pp.1101-1109MRC Respiratory Questionnaire: Fletcher, C. et al. (1978) The natural history of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, Oxford: Oxford University PressCES-D Depression Scale (8-item): Rasloff, L.S. (1977) 'The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population', Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), pp.270-278General Health Questionnaire (12-item): Goldberg, D.P. Manual of the General Health Questionnaire, Windsor: NFER-Nelson, 1978CASP-19: Hyde, M. et al. (2003) 'A measure of quality of life in early old age: the theory, development and properties of a needs satisfaction model [CASP-19]', Ageing and Mental Health, 7, pp.186-194Ryff Scale of Psychological Wellbeing: Ryff, C.D. (1989) 'Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological wellbeing', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, pp.1069-1081, and Ryff, C.D. and Keyes, C.L. (1995) 'The structure of psychological wellbeing revisited', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), pp.719-727 Multi-stage stratified random sample Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI) Clinical measurements Face-to-face interview Compilation/Synthesis

This dataset contains questionnaire data from 1219 adults from the general Dutch population aged 40 years or older. The data was collected online between October 2016 and March 2018. The goal was to examine the role of psychological factors in predicting subjective cognitive complaints in the domains of executive functioning, memory, and attention. For this purpose the following questionnaires were collected: Behavior Rating Inventory Executive Function - Adult version (BRIEF-A), Dutch version of the Memory Self-Efficacy Scale (MSEQ), Questionnaire for Experiences of Attention Deficits (German: Fragebogen Erlebter Defizite der Aufmerksamkeit [FEDA]), NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and a demographic questionnaire. The demographic questionnaire contained questions about age, gender, education level, having a job, having a partner, having children, having pets, income, and body mass index. Additionally, questions about sleep, self-rated health, and quality of life were included.

Note. Only significant F values are reported.*p

British football fans completed this correlational survey. Willingness to lay down one’s life for a group of non-kin, well documented historically and ethnographically, represents an evolutionary puzzle. Building on research in social psychology, we develop a mathematical model showing how conditioning cooperation on previous shared experience can allow individually costly pro-group behavior to evolve. The model generates a series of predictions that we then test empirically in a range of special sample populations (including military veterans, college fraternity/sorority members, football fans, martial arts practitioners, and twins). Our empirical results show that sharing painful experiences produces “identity fusion” – a visceral sense of oneness – which in turn can motivate self-sacrifice, including willingness to fight and die for the group. Practically, our account of how shared dysphoric experiences produce identity fusion helps us better understand such pressing social issues as suicide terrorism, holy wars, sectarian violence, gang-related violence, and other forms of intergroup conflict. Some of the greatest atrocities have been caused by groups defending or advancing their political aspirations and sacred values. In order to comprehend and address the wanton violence of war, terrorism and genocide, it is necessary to understand the forces that bind and drive human groups. This five year programme of research investigates one of the most powerful mechanisms by which groups may be formed, inspired, and coordinated: ritual. Studying how children learn the rituals of their communities will shed light on the various ways in which rituals promote social cohesion within the group and distrust of groups with different ritual traditions. Qualitative field research and controlled psychological experiments will be conducted in a number of troubled regions (including Northern Ireland, the Middle East, Nepal, and Colombia) to explore the effects of ritual participation on ingroup cohesion and outgroup hostility in both general populations and armed groups. New databases will be constructed to explore the relationship between ritual, resource extraction patterns, and group structure and scale over the millennia. These interdisciplinary projects will be undertaken by international teams of anthropologists, psychologists, historians, archaeologists, and evolutionary theorists. For this study, participants of all Premier League teams were given the opportunity to participate to prevent the research purpose being revealed. However, the study was predominantly advertised to the relevant teams’ fan groups (five consistent winners, and five perennial losers). An online questionnaire was advertised across social media (i.e. Facebook, Twitter), on online fan forum groups, dedicated fan blogs and across student networks. The online nature of the study allowed the research to reflect the cross-national diversity of the cohort, as teams from across the UK were included. A £100 prize was offered as an incentive to complete the study.

This dataset accompanies the article: Hoyer, K., Zeelenberg, M., & Breugelmans, S. M. (2021). Further tests of the scarcity and luxury hypotheses in dispositional greed: Evidence from two large-scale Dutch and American samples. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02467-z Article abstract: A recent, large-scale study among Chinese adolescents found that childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) was positively related to dispositional greed (i.e., the “luxury hypothesis”), instead of negatively related (i.e., the “scarcity hypothesis”; Liu et al., 2019c). This relationship was found for only-children, not for children with siblings. The generalizability of these findings may be limited, due to China’s one-child policy and socioeconomic policies which may have led to fewer differences in wealth. We replicated this research in two other cultural contexts that represent markedly different socioeconomic policies in order to test its generalizability: the Netherlands (Study 1, N=2367, 51.3% female, Mage=54.06, SD=17.90), and the USA (Study 2, N=999, 50.1% female, Mage=33.44, SD=12.28). Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to test the association between CSES and greed. We mostly replicated the findings by Liu et al. (2019c): CSES was positively related to greed in both studies (“luxury hypothesis”) and there was a moderating effect of siblings in Study 1, but not in Study 2. Implications for theories on greed as well as future research on the association between CSES and greed are discussed. All procedures and hypothesis of study 2 were preregistered through AsPredicted: #53836, https://aspredicted.org/3a4s4.pdf. Method: Data was collected by the LISS panel (study 1) and on Prolific Academic (study 2)/ Universe: Participant were from a representative sample of the Dutch population (study 1) and US participants on Prolific (study 2).

Note: IQR: Inter-quarter range.

This dataset accompanies chapter 6 of the dissertation. Greed is an insatiable desire to acquire more. It can be experienced over both material and non-material outcomes, but extant research mainly focused on economic decisions. So far, little is known about greed in the realm of social relationships, even though social relationships are an important part of people’s lives and a predictor of wellbeing. In four studies, we investigated how dispositional greed is associated with various aspects of social relationships. We analyse both primary data and secondary survey data. Results reveal that greedy individuals are lonelier, objectify their friends more, and are both less satisfied with and less close to their social contacts. Greedy individuals have shorter relationships but talk to their friends more often. These findings shed light on the role of greed in shaping people’s social lives. Hypotheses and analyses were preregistered at AsPredicted.com: https://aspredicted.org/blind.php?x=vw3gq2 (Study 3) and https://aspredicted.org/blind.php?x=de3ws9 (Study 4). Production date: 2013 (study 1), 2018/2019 (study 2), April 2019 (study 3) and August 2019 (study 4). Method: Data was collected by the LISS panel (study 1 and 2), in the SP lab (study 3) and on Prolific Academic (study 2). Universe: Participant were from a representative sample of the Dutch population (study 1 and 2), first year bachelor psychology students (study 3) and participants on Prolific (study 4).