Descriptive statistics of the SAS-SV [total (male, female)].

IntroductionA required step for presenting results of clinical studies is the declaration of participants demographic and baseline characteristics as claimed by the FDAAA 801. The common workflow to accomplish this task is to export the clinical data from the used electronic data capture system and import it into statistical software like SAS software or IBM SPSS. This software requires trained users, who have to implement the analysis individually for each item. These expenditures may become an obstacle for small studies. Objective of this work is to design, implement and evaluate an open source application, called ODM Data Analysis, for the semi-automatic analysis of clinical study data.MethodsThe system requires clinical data in the CDISC Operational Data Model format. After uploading the file, its syntax and data type conformity of the collected data is validated. The completeness of the study data is determined and basic statistics, including illustrative charts for each item, are generated. Datasets from four clinical studies have been used to evaluate the application’s performance and functionality.ResultsThe system is implemented as an open source web application (available at https://odmanalysis.uni-muenster.de) and also provided as Docker image which enables an easy distribution and installation on local systems. Study data is only stored in the application as long as the calculations are performed which is compliant with data protection endeavors. Analysis times are below half an hour, even for larger studies with over 6000 subjects.DiscussionMedical experts have ensured the usefulness of this application to grant an overview of their collected study data for monitoring purposes and to generate descriptive statistics without further user interaction. The semi-automatic analysis has its limitations and cannot replace the complex analysis of statisticians, but it can be used as a starting point for their examination and reporting.

Descriptive statistics and distribution of PCOC SAS total scores and individual items, including by distress status.

Note. BA = body acceptance, SP = self-protection from social stigmas, FB = feeling and believing in one's capacities, M = mean, SD = standard deviation, λ = item-factor loading, θ = error term.Brazilian Portuguese original version of the items are given in brackets.Item-factor loadings and descriptive statistics of SAS-EB item scores in Study 3.

Note. BA = body acceptance, SP = self-protection from social stigmas, FB = feeling and believing in one's capacities, M = mean, SD =  standard deviation, λ = item-factor loading, θ = error term.Brazilian Portuguese original version of the items are given in brackets.Item-factor loadings and descriptive statistics of SAS-EB item scores in Study 3.

analyze the consumer expenditure survey (ce) with r the consumer expenditure survey (ce) is the primo data source to understand how americans spend money. participating households keep a running diary about every little purchase over the year. those diaries are then summed up into precise expenditure categories. how else are you gonna know that the average american household spent $34 (±2) on bacon, $826 (±17) on cellular phones, and $13 (±2) on digital e-readers in 2011? an integral component of the market basket calculation in the consumer price index, this survey recently became available as public-use microdata and they're slowly releasing historical files back to 1996. hooray! for a t aste of what's possible with ce data, look at the quick tables listed on their main page - these tables contain approximately a bazillion different expenditure categories broken down by demographic groups. guess what? i just learned that americans living in households with $5,000 to $9,999 of annual income spent an average of $283 (±90) on pets, toys, hobbies, and playground equipment (pdf page 3). you can often get close to your statistic of interest from these web tables. but say you wanted to look at domestic pet expenditure among only households with children between 12 and 17 years old. another one of the thirteen web tables - the consumer unit composition table - shows a few different breakouts of households with kids, but none matching that exact population of interest. the bureau of labor statistics (bls) (the survey's designers) and the census bureau (the survey's administrators) have provided plenty of the major statistics and breakouts for you, but they're not psychic. if you want to comb through this data for specific expenditure categories broken out by a you-defined segment of the united states' population, then let a little r into your life. fun starts now. fair warning: only analyze t he consumer expenditure survey if you are nerd to the core. the microdata ship with two different survey types (interview and diary), each containing five or six quarterly table formats that need to be stacked, merged, and manipulated prior to a methodologically-correct analysis. the scripts in this repository contain examples to prepare 'em all, just be advised that magnificent data like this will never be no-assembly-required. the folks at bls have posted an excellent summary of what's av ailable - read it before anything else. after that, read the getting started guide. don't skim. a few of the descriptions below refer to sas programs provided by the bureau of labor statistics. you'll find these in the C:\My Directory\CES\2011\docs directory after you run the download program. this new github repository contains three scripts: 2010-2011 - download all microdata.R lo op through every year and download every file hosted on the bls's ce ftp site import each of the comma-separated value files into r with read.csv depending on user-settings, save each table as an r data file (.rda) or stat a-readable file (.dta) 2011 fmly intrvw - analysis examples.R load the r data files (.rda) necessary to create the 'fmly' table shown in the ce macros program documentation.doc file construct that 'fmly' table, using five quarters of interviews (q1 2011 thru q1 2012) initiate a replicate-weighted survey design object perform some lovely li'l analysis examples replicate the %mean_variance() macro found in "ce macros.sas" and provide some examples of calculating descriptive statistics using unimputed variables replicate the %compare_groups() macro found in "ce macros.sas" and provide some examples of performing t -tests using unimputed variables create an rsqlite database (to minimize ram usage) containing the five imputed variable files, after identifying which variables were imputed based on pdf page 3 of the user's guide to income imputation initiate a replicate-weighted, database-backed, multiply-imputed survey design object perform a few additional analyses that highlight the modified syntax required for multiply-imputed survey designs replicate the %mean_variance() macro found in "ce macros.sas" and provide some examples of calculating descriptive statistics using imputed variables repl icate the %compare_groups() macro found in "ce macros.sas" and provide some examples of performing t-tests using imputed variables replicate the %proc_reg() and %proc_logistic() macros found in "ce macros.sas" and provide some examples of regressions and logistic regressions using both unimputed and imputed variables replicate integrated mean and se.R match each step in the bls-provided sas program "integr ated mean and se.sas" but with r instead of sas create an rsqlite database when the expenditure table gets too large for older computers to handle in ram export a table "2011 integrated mean and se.csv" that exactly matches the contents of the sas-produced "2011 integrated mean and se.lst" text file click here to view these three scripts for...

Output from programming code written to summarize data describing 2018 MCSP Trial monitoring sites acquired using a SOP 1 (see ServCat reference 103364) of FWS Legacy Regions 2 and 3. Monitoring sites were selected using a custom GRTS draw conducted by USGS in 2017, within monitoring areas associated with select NWRS stations. Areas monitored included Balcones Canyonlands (TX), Hagerman (TX), Washita (OK), Neal Smith (IA) NWRs and several locations near the town of Lamoni, Iowa and private lands in northern Missouri.

SAS code used to produce descriptive statistics for Low-wage Atlas. These include demographics of low-wage workers by state. Program is run on American Community Survey 1% sample data.

The Healthcare Descriptive Analysis market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach $18.36 million in 2025 and exhibiting a remarkable Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 23.50%. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. The increasing volume of healthcare data generated from electronic health records (EHRs), medical devices, and wearable sensors necessitates sophisticated analytical tools for efficient management and insightful interpretation. Furthermore, the rising demand for improved patient outcomes, operational efficiency within healthcare organizations, and the ability to conduct proactive, data-driven research are significantly contributing to market growth. The adoption of cloud-based solutions is accelerating, offering scalability and cost-effectiveness compared to on-premise deployments. Clinics and hospitals are leading the adoption, followed by other private organizations. The market is segmented across various applications (clinical, financial, administrative, and research data analytics) and components (software, hardware, and services). Software solutions dominate the market share, leveraging advanced algorithms for data mining, visualization, and predictive modeling. The market's growth trajectory is expected to continue throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). While specific regional market shares are not provided, North America is anticipated to maintain a substantial market share due to early adoption of advanced analytics and robust healthcare infrastructure. The Asia Pacific region, however, is poised for significant growth driven by increasing healthcare expenditure and technological advancements. Competitive pressures are intense, with established players like SAS Institute, Oracle, and IBM competing with specialized healthcare analytics providers such as MedeAnalytics and Health Catalyst. The market faces challenges such as data privacy concerns, the need for skilled data analysts, and the high cost of implementation and maintenance of advanced analytics solutions. However, ongoing technological advancements and increasing government initiatives to improve healthcare data management are expected to mitigate these challenges and drive further market expansion. This comprehensive report provides a detailed analysis of the Healthcare Descriptive Analysis Market, offering invaluable insights for stakeholders across the healthcare IT landscape. With a study period spanning 2019-2033, a base year of 2025, and a forecast period of 2025-2033, this report utilizes extensive data analysis to illuminate market trends, growth drivers, and potential challenges. The market is projected to reach significant values in the millions. Recent developments include: In November 2022, Ursa Health updated Ursa Studio, its healthcare analytics development platform, to help organizations meet the requirements of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)., In November 2022, Hartford HealthCare entered a long-term partnership with Google Cloud to advance the healthcare digital transformation, improve data analytics, and enhance care delivery and access.. Key drivers for this market are: Need for Comprehensive Analytics, Integration of Big Data into Healthcare. Potential restraints include: Data Privacy and Security Concerns. Notable trends are: Cloud-based Segment Expected to Hold a Significant Share of the Market During the Forecast Period.

The GAPs Data Repository provides a comprehensive overview of available qualitative and quantitative data on national return regimes, now accessible through an advanced web interface at https://data.returnmigration.eu/.

This updated guideline outlines the complete process, starting from the initial data collection for the return migration data repository to the development of a comprehensive web-based platform. Through iterative development, participatory approaches, and rigorous quality checks, we have ensured a systematic representation of return migration data at both national and comparative levels.

The Repository organizes data into five main categories, covering diverse aspects and offering a holistic view of return regimes: country profiles, legislation, infrastructure, international cooperation, and descriptive statistics. These categories, further divided into subcategories, are based on insights from a literature review, existing datasets, and empirical data collection from 14 countries. The selection of categories prioritizes relevance for understanding return and readmission policies and practices, data accessibility, reliability, clarity, and comparability. Raw data is meticulously collected by the national experts.

The transition to a web-based interface builds upon the Repository’s original structure, which was initially developed using REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture). It is a secure web application for building and managing online surveys and databases.The REDCAP ensures systematic data entries and store them on Uppsala University’s servers while significantly improving accessibility and usability as well as data security. It also enables users to export any or all data from the Project when granted full data export privileges. Data can be exported in various ways and formats, including Microsoft Excel, SAS, Stata, R, or SPSS for analysis. At this stage, the Data Repository design team also converted tailored records of available data into public reports accessible to anyone with a unique URL, without the need to log in to REDCap or obtain permission to access the GAPs Project Data Repository. Public reports can be used to share information with stakeholders or external partners without granting them access to the Project or requiring them to set up a personal account. Currently, all public report links inserted in this report are also available on the Repository’s webpage, allowing users to export original data.

This report also includes a detailed codebook to help users understand the structure, variables, and methodologies used in data collection and organization. This addition ensures transparency and provides a comprehensive framework for researchers and practitioners to effectively interpret the data.

The GAPs Data Repository is committed to providing accessible, well-organized, and reliable data by moving to a centralized web platform and incorporating advanced visuals. This Repository aims to contribute inputs for research, policy analysis, and evidence-based decision-making in the return and readmission field.

Explore the GAPs Data Repository at https://data.returnmigration.eu/.

Output from programming code written to summarize data describing 2017 MCSP Trial monitoring sites acquired using a SOP 1 (see ServCat reference 103364) of FWS Legacy Regions 2 and 3. 2017 monitoring sites were selected using a custom GRTS draw conducted by USGS, within monitoring areas associated with select NWRS stations. Areas monitored included Balcones Canyonlands (TX), Hagerman (TX), Washita (OK), Neal Smith (IA), Necedah (WI) NWRs and several locations near the town of Lamoni, Iowa and private lands in northern Missouri.

no abstract provided

The Data Analysis Services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the exponential increase in data volume and the rising demand for data-driven decision-making across various industries. The market, estimated at $150 billion in 2025, is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an impressive $450 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors, including the increasing adoption of cloud-based analytics platforms, the growing need for advanced analytics techniques like machine learning and AI, and the rising focus on data security and compliance. The market is segmented by service type (e.g., predictive analytics, descriptive analytics, prescriptive analytics), industry vertical (e.g., healthcare, finance, retail), and deployment model (cloud, on-premise). Key players like IBM, Accenture, Microsoft, and SAS Institute are investing heavily in research and development, expanding their service portfolios, and pursuing strategic partnerships to maintain their market leadership. The competitive landscape is characterized by both large established players and emerging niche providers offering specialized solutions. The market's growth trajectory is influenced by various trends, including the increasing adoption of big data technologies, the growing prevalence of self-service analytics tools empowering business users, and the rise of specialized data analysis service providers catering to specific industry needs. However, certain restraints, such as the lack of skilled data analysts, data security concerns, and the high cost of implementation and maintenance of advanced analytics solutions, could potentially hinder market growth. Addressing these challenges through investments in data literacy programs, enhanced security measures, and flexible pricing models will be crucial for sustaining the market's momentum and unlocking its full potential. Overall, the Data Analysis Services market presents a significant opportunity for companies offering innovative solutions and expertise in this rapidly evolving landscape.

Abstract (en): The main objectives of this data collection effort were to assemble a set of cross-nationally comparable microdata samples for Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) countries based on the 1990 national population and housing censuses in countries of Europe and North America, and to use these samples to study the social and economic conditions of older persons. The samples are designed to allow research on a wide range of issues related to aging, as well as on other social phenomena. Included in the Czech Republic dataset are questions on the type and characteristics of buildings/dwellings, available utility systems, and demographic information such as age, sex, marital status, number of children, education, income, religion, and occupation. Also included are questions concerning the presence of household amenities such as telephones, toilets, automobiles, baths/showers, washers, and television sets. All persons and housing units in the Czech Republic. Individual-based sample of 1,029,471 persons with progressive oversampling with age, while retaining information on all persons co-residing in the sampled person's dwelling unit (N = 1,574,936). 2013-09-27 This study was previously distributed on CD-ROM only. The contents of the CD-ROM are now available for public download from ICPSR as a zipped package.2008-09-24 The confidentiality agreement is now available as a downloadable PDF document. Funding insitution(s): United Nations Population Fund. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Aging. In addition to the SAS data file provided by the principal investigator, ICPSR is distributing an ASCII data file extracted from the SAS file. Analysis of the ASCII file may be facilitated by dividing it.Erroneously coded missing values on age have been corrected, resulting in 1,650 households being dropped from the sample. The principal investigator has provided a corrected version of the data, in one file instead of four, a revised codebook, descriptive statistics, and SAS and SPSS data definition statements.

This item has been replaced by the one which can be found at https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/3411 ## GWAS summary statistics from 7,491 critically ill patients from COVID-19 and 48,400 population controls: European(EUR) 5,989/42,891; South Asian(SAS) 788/3,793; African(AFR) 440/1,350; East Asian(EAS) 274/366. GWAS models were calculated with SAIGE using a logisitic mixed-model regression. A trans-ancestry meta-analysis was performed using inverse-variant weighted fixed-effects. Ancestry-specific and trans-ancestry summary statistics are available. TWAS was performed using GTEx v8 gene expression data for lung and blood and an all-tissue meta-analysis. Summary statistics for tissue-specific and meta-TWAS are available.

Note: n: The sample sizes for cognition, demand, and use. N/A: not applicable. (1). Descriptive statistics, (2). t-test, (3). ANOVA, (4). Chi-squared test, (5). Nonparametric test, (6). Correlation and regression, (7). Statistical graphs and tables, (8). Statistical design, (9). Multiple ANOVA, (10). Analysis of covariance, (11). Multiple linear regression, (12). Logistic regression, (13). Survival analysis, (14). Discriminant analysis, (15). Clustering analysis, (16). Principal components analysis and Factor analysis (PCA & FA),(17). SPSS, (18). SAS, (19). Overall cognition of and demand for medical statistics, (20). Overall cognition of and demand for software.Basic Demographic Characteristics of the Included Studies.

The analysis uses SAS Version 9.4 to compute descriptive statistics and estimate regression models. (SAS)

This layer contains census tract level 2020 Decennial Census redistricting data as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau for all states plus DC and Puerto Rico. The attributes come from the 2020 Public Law 94-171 (P.L. 94-171) tables.Data download date: August 12, 2021Census tables: P1, P2, P3, P4, H1, P5, HeaderDownloaded from: Census FTP siteProcessing Notes:Data was downloaded from the U.S. Census Bureau FTP site, imported into SAS format and joined to the 2020 TIGER boundaries. Boundaries are sourced from the 2020 TIGER/Line Geodatabases. Boundaries have been projected into Web Mercator and each attribute has been given a clear descriptive alias name. No alterations have been made to the vertices of the data.Each attribute maintains it's specified name from Census, but also has a descriptive alias name and long description derived from the technical documentation provided by the Census. For a detailed list of the attributes contained in this layer, view the Data tab and select "Fields". The following alterations have been made to the tabular data:Joined all tables to create one wide attribute table:P1 - RaceP2 - Hispanic or Latino, and not Hispanic or Latino by RaceP3 - Race for the Population 18 Years and OverP4 - Hispanic or Latino, and not Hispanic or Latino by Race for the Population 18 Years and OverH1 - Occupancy Status (Housing)P5 - Group Quarters Population by Group Quarters Type (correctional institutions, juvenile facilities, nursing facilities/skilled nursing, college/university student housing, military quarters, etc.)HeaderAfter joining, dropped fields: FILEID, STUSAB, CHARITER, CIFSN, LOGRECNO, GEOVAR, GEOCOMP, LSADC, BLOCK, BLKGRP, and TBLKGRP.GEOCOMP was renamed to GEOID and moved be the first column in the table, the original GEOID was dropped.Placeholder fields for future legislative districts have been dropped: CD118, CD119, CD120, CD121, SLDU22, SLDU24, SLDU26, SLDU28, SLDL22, SLDL24 SLDL26, SLDL28.P0020001 was dropped, as it is duplicative of P0010001. Similarly, P0040001 was dropped, as it is duplicative of P0030001.In addition to calculated fields, County_Name and State_Name were added.The following calculated fields have been added (see long field descriptions in the Data tab for formulas used): PCT_P0030001: Percent of Population 18 Years and OverPCT_P0020002: Percent Hispanic or LatinoPCT_P0020005: Percent White alone, not Hispanic or LatinoPCT_P0020006: Percent Black or African American alone, not Hispanic or LatinoPCT_P0020007: Percent American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic or LatinoPCT_P0020008: Percent Asian alone, Not Hispanic or LatinoPCT_P0020009: Percent Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic or LatinoPCT_P0020010: Percent Some Other Race alone, not Hispanic or LatinoPCT_P0020011: Percent Population of Two or More Races, not Hispanic or LatinoPCT_H0010002: Percent of Housing Units that are OccupiedPCT_H0010003: Percent of Housing Units that are VacantPlease note these percentages might look strange at the individual tract level, since this data has been protected using differential privacy.**To protect the privacy and confidentiality of respondents, data has been protected using differential privacy techniques by the U.S. Census Bureau. This means that some individual tracts will have values that are inconsistent or improbable. However, when aggregated up, these issues become minimized. The pop-up on this layer uses Arcade to display aggregated values for the surrounding area rather than values for the tract itself.Download Census redistricting data in this layer as a file geodatabase.Additional links:U.S. Census BureauU.S. Census Bureau Decennial CensusAbout the 2020 Census2020 Census2020 Census data qualityDecennial Census P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data Program

The Operational Analytics market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing need for businesses to leverage data for improved operational efficiency and decision-making. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors, including the rising adoption of cloud-based solutions, the proliferation of IoT devices generating vast amounts of operational data, and the growing demand for real-time insights to optimize processes and reduce costs. The market is segmented by type (e.g., predictive analytics, prescriptive analytics, descriptive analytics) and application (e.g., manufacturing, supply chain, customer service). Major players like Hewlett Packard Enterprise, IBM, Oracle, SAP, and SAS Institute are actively investing in developing and deploying advanced operational analytics solutions, further stimulating market growth. While the market faces some restraints such as data security concerns and the need for skilled professionals to interpret complex data, the overall growth trajectory remains positive. The projected CAGR (assuming a conservative estimate of 10% based on similar technology markets) indicates a significant expansion over the forecast period (2025-2033), promising substantial market value. Regional variations exist, with North America and Europe currently holding significant market share due to high technology adoption and established digital infrastructure. However, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness rapid growth driven by increasing digitalization and industrialization efforts. The competitive landscape is characterized by both established players and emerging technology companies. Large vendors benefit from established brand recognition and extensive customer bases, while smaller companies often innovate with specialized solutions. Successful strategies for market participants include focusing on developing user-friendly interfaces, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) capabilities, and providing comprehensive data security measures. The market is likely to witness further consolidation through mergers and acquisitions as companies strive to expand their market reach and enhance their product offerings. Future growth hinges on the continued development of advanced analytical techniques, the adoption of more sophisticated data visualization tools, and the seamless integration of operational analytics with other enterprise systems.

analyze the national health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes) with r nhanes is this fascinating survey where doctors and dentists accompany survey interviewers in a little mobile medical center that drives around the country. while the survey folks are interviewing people, the medical professionals administer laboratory tests and conduct a real doctor's examination. the b lood work and medical exam allow researchers like you and me to answer tough questions like, "how many people have diabetes but don't know they have diabetes?" conducting the lab tests and the physical isn't cheap, so a new nhanes data set becomes available once every two years and only includes about twelve thousand respondents. since the number of respondents is so small, analysts often pool multiple years of data together. the replication scripts below give a few different examples of how multiple years of data can be pooled with r. the survey gets conducted by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), and generalizes to the united states non-institutional, non-active duty military population. most of the data tables produced by the cdc include only a small number of variables, so importation with the foreign package's read.xport function is pretty straightforward. but that makes merging the appropriate data sets trickier, since it might not be clear what to pull for which variables. for every analysis, start with the table with 'demo' in the name -- this file includes basic demographics, weighting, and complex sample survey design variables. since it's quick to download the files directly from the cdc's ftp site, there's no massive ftp download automation script. this new github repository co ntains five scripts: 2009-2010 interview only - download and analyze.R download, import, save the demographics and health insurance files onto your local computer load both files, limit them to the variables needed for the analysis, merge them together perform a few example variable recodes create the complex sample survey object, using the interview weights run a series of pretty generic analyses on the health insurance ques tions 2009-2010 interview plus laboratory - download and analyze.R download, import, save the demographics and cholesterol files onto your local computer load both files, limit them to the variables needed for the analysis, merge them together perform a few example variable recodes create the complex sample survey object, using the mobile examination component (mec) weights perform a direct-method age-adjustment and matc h figure 1 of this cdc cholesterol brief replicate 2005-2008 pooled cdc oral examination figure.R download, import, save, pool, recode, create a survey object, run some basic analyses replicate figure 3 from this cdc oral health databrief - the whole barplot replicate cdc publications.R download, import, save, pool, merge, and recode the demographics file plus cholesterol laboratory, blood pressure questionnaire, and blood pressure laboratory files match the cdc's example sas and sudaan syntax file's output for descriptive means match the cdc's example sas and sudaan synta x file's output for descriptive proportions match the cdc's example sas and sudaan syntax file's output for descriptive percentiles replicate human exposure to chemicals report.R (user-contributed) download, import, save, pool, merge, and recode the demographics file plus urinary bisphenol a (bpa) laboratory files log-transform some of the columns to calculate the geometric means and quantiles match the 2007-2008 statistics shown on pdf page 21 of the cdc's fourth edition of the report click here to view these five scripts for more detail about the national health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes), visit: the cdc's nhanes homepage the national cancer institute's page of nhanes web tutorials notes: nhanes includes interview-only weights and interview + mobile examination component (mec) weights. if you o nly use questions from the basic interview in your analysis, use the interview-only weights (the sample size is a bit larger). i haven't really figured out a use for the interview-only weights -- nhanes draws most of its power from the combination of the interview and the mobile examination component variables. if you're only using variables from the interview, see if you can use a data set with a larger sample size like the current population (cps), national health interview survey (nhis), or medical expenditure panel survey (meps) instead. confidential to sas, spss, stata, sudaan users: why are you still riding around on a donkey after we've invented the internal combustion engine? time to transition to r. :D