As of 2023, around 19 percent of U.S. adults were satisfied with the total healthcare cost in the United States, a significant decrease from the previous year. Also, this is much lower than the share of U.S. adults satisfied with their own cost for healthcare. This statistic illustrates the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of U.S. adults with the total cost of healthcare in the United States from 2002 to 2023.

According to the findings of a survey by IPSOS, satisfaction with national health systema varies widely between countries. Respondents from Saudia Arabia and Singapore are the most satisfied with their country's health system. This statistic shows the level of satisfaction with national health systems worldwide as of 2019, by country.

This statistic shows the satisfaction with the quality of the health care system in the U.S. among millennials from 2013 to 2018. In 2018, 29 percent of millennials were very satisfied with the health care system in the United States, while 6 percent were not very satisfied.

According to the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI), consumers in the U.S. were more satisfied with nonhospital care compared to hospitals. In 2024, the consumer satisfaction score for nonhospital care in the United States was ** out of 100 points, an increase of *** points compared to the previous year.

This is the second survey in the Health Tracking Household Survey (HTHS) series, the successor to the Community Tracking Study (CTS) Household Surveys. The CTS Household Surveys were conducted in 1996-1997 (ICPSR 2524), 1998-1999 (ICPSR 3199), 2000-2001 (ICPSR 3764), and 2003 (ICPSR 4216), and the first HTHS survey was conducted in 2007 (ICPSR 26001). Although the HTHS questionnaires are similar to the CTS Household Survey questionnaires, the HTHS sampling design does not have the community focus intrinsic to CTS. Whereas the CTS design focused on 60 nationally representative communities with sample sizes large enough to draw conclusions about health system change in 12 communities, the HTHS design is a national sample not aimed at measuring change within communities. Hence, "Community" was dropped from the study title. Like the previous surveys, this survey collected information on health insurance coverage, use of health services, health expenses, satisfaction with health care and physician choice, unmet health care needs, usual source of care and patient trust, health status, and adult chronic conditions. In addition, the survey inquired about perceptions of care delivery and quality, problems with paying medical bills, use of in-store retail and onsite workplace health clinics, patient engagement with health care, sources of health information, and shopping for health care. At the beginning of the interview, a household informant provided information about the composition of the household which was used to group the household members into family insurance units (FIU). Each FIU comprised an adult household member, his or her spouse or domestic partner (same sex and other unmarried partners), if any, and any dependent children 0-17 years of age or 18-22 years of age if a full-time student (even if living outside the household). In each FIU in the household, a FIU informant provided information on insurance coverage, health care use, usual source of care, and general health status of all FIU members. This informant also provided information on family income as well as employment, earnings, employer-offered insurance plans, and race/ethnicity for all adult FIU members. Moreover, every adult in each FIU (including the FIU informant) responded through a self-response module to questions that could not be answered reliably by proxy respondents, such as questions about unmet needs, usual source of care, assessments of the quality of care, consumer engagement, satisfaction with physician choice, use of health information, health care shopping, and detailed health questions. The FIU informants responded on behalf of children regarding unmet needs, satisfaction with physician choice, and use of health care information.

Report to the Appropriations Committee of the United States House of Representatives in Response to Conference Committee Report to PL 110-186. In an effort to provide a snapshot of the quality of care provided at VA health care facilities, this report includes information about waiting times, staffing level, infection rates, surgical volumes, quality measures, patient satisfaction, service availability and complexity, accreditation status, and patient safety. The data in this report have been drawn from multiple sources across VHA. This dataset represents patient satisfaction based on survey data broken out by ethnicity.

As of 2023, over **** of patients surveyed in the United States indicated increased satisfaction with their care as a result of telemedicine. On the other hand, fewer than *** percent of patients expressed lower satisfaction with their care as a result of telehealth. Telehealth refers to the delivery of health-related services and information via electronic information and communications technology. It enables long-distance patient-clinician communication, care, guidance, reminders, education, intervention, monitoring, and remote admissions.

This special topic poll, fielded July 14-17, 1994, was undertaken to assess respondents' views of health care in the United States and proposed changes to the health care system. Respondents were asked to name the most important issue facing President Bill Clinton and the United States Congress, to give an assessment of President Clinton's proposed health care plan, to rate their level of knowledge of the proposed plan, whether they felt they would pay more, less, or the same costs under the proposed plan, and whether the quality of health care would improve, worsen, or stay the same under the proposed plan. Opinions were gathered on the state of the health care system, the most important goal for the health care system, whether it was more important to lower health care costs or to have guaranteed health care available to all, and whether basic insurance should cover abortion. Respondents were queried on whether they had health care coverage, whether they were on Medicare, their level of satisfaction with the quality, costs, and system of health care, whether they worried that their health care costs would not be taken care of in the future, whether they approved or disapproved of proposed health care changes, and whether individuals and groups like the American Medical Association, Hillary Clinton, hospitals, and political parties helped or hurt efforts to improve the health care system. Background variables include sex, year of birth, education, ethnicity, political orientation, employment status, and gross household income.

The National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) is sponsored by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau of the Health Resources and Services Administration, an Agency in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.The NSCH examines the physical and emotional health of children ages 0-17 years of age. Special emphasis is placed on factors related to the well-being of children. These factors include access to - and quality of - health care, family interactions, parental health, neighborhood characteristics, as well as school and after-school experiences.The NSCH is also designed to assess the prevalence and impact of special health care needs among children in the US and explores the extent to which children with special health care needs (CSHCN) have medical homes, adequate health insurance, access to needed services, and adequate care coordination. Other topics may include functional difficulties, transition services, shared decision-making, and satisfaction with care. Information is collected from parents or caregivers who know about the child's health.

Big Data Analytics in Healthcare Market Outlook

The global market size for Big Data Analytics in Healthcare was valued at approximately USD 34 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to grow at a robust CAGR of 11.9%, reaching an estimated USD 90 billion by 2032. This remarkable growth is driven by the increasing adoption of data-driven decision-making processes within the healthcare sector, spurred by the mounting pressure to enhance operational efficiencies, improve patient outcomes, and reduce overall healthcare costs. The integration of big data analytics within healthcare systems is enabling organizations to leverage vast amounts of data, leading to enhanced patient care and streamlined operations.

A significant growth factor fueling the expansion of the big data analytics market in healthcare is the ever-increasing volume of data generated by healthcare systems. With the surge of electronic health records, wearable health devices, and various other digital health technologies, the volume of data being generated is unprecedented. This data, if analyzed correctly, holds the potential to transform healthcare delivery models, allowing for more precise diagnostics, personalized treatment plans, and proactive disease management strategies. Consequently, healthcare organizations are increasingly investing in big data analytics tools to harness this data for clinical and operational improvements.

Another key driver of market growth is the growing emphasis on value-based care and the need for healthcare providers to demonstrate high-quality patient outcomes. Value-based care models require providers to focus on the quality rather than the quantity of care delivered, inherently demanding the use of advanced analytics to derive actionable insights from patient data. Big data analytics facilitates the identification of patterns and trends that can lead to improved treatment effectiveness and patient satisfaction. This shift in care models is prompting healthcare organizations to integrate sophisticated analytics solutions that help in predictive modeling, trend analysis, and real-time decision-making, further propelling market expansion.

Additionally, the increasing incidence of chronic diseases worldwide is driving the need for more efficient healthcare services. Big data analytics in healthcare can play a critical role in managing chronic diseases by enabling preventive care and personalized treatment plans. By analyzing patient data, including historical health records, genetic information, and lifestyle choices, healthcare providers can predict potential health issues and intervene early, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. This capability is essential in managing the global burden of chronic diseases, thereby boosting the adoption of big data analytics solutions in the healthcare sector.

Regionally, North America dominates the market due to the presence of advanced healthcare infrastructure, the availability of technologically advanced products, and the high adoption rate of healthcare IT solutions. The region's robust regulatory environment and substantial investments in healthcare IT make it a fertile ground for the growth of big data analytics solutions. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to exhibit the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by increasing government initiatives supporting the digitization of healthcare, burgeoning healthcare infrastructure, and a growing focus on precision medicine. The integration of big data analytics in healthcare across diverse regions is indicative of its global importance in optimizing healthcare delivery and patient care.

Component Analysis

In the realm of big data analytics in healthcare, the component segment is vitally instrumental to the market's evolution and includes software and services. Software solutions are the backbone of big data analytics, providing healthcare organizations with the necessary tools to collect, process, and analyze vast datasets. These solutions encompass data management and analytical platforms, which are indispensable for extracting actionable insights from disparate data sources. The software component is continually evolving with advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, which enhance data analytics capabilities. Moreover, the increasing demand for user-friendly, customizable software solutions is driving innovation and growth within this segment.

The services component, on the other hand, plays a critical role in the implementation and maintenance of big data analytics solutions. This component includes cons

Robust Patient Portal Software Market Outlook

The global patient portal software market size was valued at USD 2.6 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 7.2 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.8% during the forecast period. This substantial growth is driven by the increasing adoption of digital health solutions, rising patient engagement, and the pressing need for effective healthcare management systems.

A significant growth driver for the patient portal software market is the increasing emphasis on patient-centric healthcare. Healthcare providers and institutions are shifting focus towards enhancing patient experience and engagement. Patient portal software facilitates better communication between patients and healthcare providers, enabling more effective management of medical conditions, which improves patient satisfaction and outcomes. Technological advancements, alongside the rise in mobile health applications, have further propelled the adoption of patient portal software as they offer ease of access to medical records, appointments, and billing information.

Patient Engagement Software plays a pivotal role in the evolving landscape of healthcare IT solutions. As healthcare providers increasingly focus on patient-centric care, these software solutions are designed to enhance communication and interaction between patients and healthcare providers. By facilitating real-time communication, appointment scheduling, and access to medical records, Patient Engagement Software empowers patients to take an active role in their healthcare journey. This not only improves patient satisfaction but also leads to better health outcomes by ensuring that patients are well-informed and engaged in their treatment plans. The integration of such software into existing healthcare systems is crucial for achieving the goals of modern healthcare delivery.

Another key factor fuelling market growth is the regulatory push for health information technology adoption. Governments and regulatory bodies worldwide are increasingly mandating the use of electronic health records (EHR) and patient portals to ensure better healthcare delivery and compliance with privacy and data security standards. For example, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act in the United States incentivizes the adoption of EHR systems, which inherently include patient portals. These regulatory frameworks aim to improve healthcare quality, safety, and efficiency, thereby driving the demand for patient portal software.

The ongoing trend towards personalized medicine and integrated healthcare systems is also contributing to the growth of the patient portal software market. Patient portals are becoming integral components of healthcare ecosystems, facilitating data integration from various sources such as EHRs, laboratory systems, and imaging systems. This holistic approach enables healthcare providers to deliver personalized care plans based on comprehensive patient data. The ability to provide tailored healthcare services not only boosts patient satisfaction but also enhances clinical outcomes, thus encouraging widespread adoption of patient portal software.

Regionally, North America is poised to dominate the patient portal software market owing to the high adoption rate of advanced healthcare IT solutions, robust healthcare infrastructure, and favorable government initiatives. Europe is expected to follow suit, driven by the increasing digitalization of healthcare systems and supportive regulatory frameworks. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the fastest growth due to the expanding healthcare sector, rising awareness about healthcare IT, and significant investments in digital health initiatives. These regional dynamics highlight the global potential and varied growth trajectories of the patient portal software market.

Clinical Patient Support Software is increasingly becoming an integral component of healthcare management systems. These software solutions are designed to provide comprehensive support to patients throughout their healthcare journey, from initial consultation to follow-up care. By offering features such as medication reminders, personalized health education, and remo

Healthcare Interaction Solution Market Outlook

The global healthcare interaction solution market size is expected to grow significantly from USD 12.5 billion in 2023 to USD 28.7 billion by 2032, with a CAGR of 9.7% during the forecast period. This growth is primarily driven by advancements in healthcare technologies and increasing demand for efficient patient interaction systems.

The primary growth factor of the healthcare interaction solution market is the escalating demand for efficient patient management systems. With the increasing patient population and the complexity of healthcare needs, healthcare providers require robust interaction solutions to manage patient information, treatments, and communications effectively. These systems not only improve operational efficiency but also enhance patient outcomes by providing timely and accurate information. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of telehealth and remote patient monitoring solutions, further boosting market expansion.

Technological advancements play a crucial role in driving the healthcare interaction solution market. Innovations such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics are enhancing the capabilities of interaction solutions. These technologies facilitate better decision-making, predictive analytics, and personalized patient care. Moreover, the integration of advanced technologies into healthcare interaction systems enables healthcare providers to streamline workflows, reduce errors, and improve patient satisfaction. As these technologies continue to evolve, they are expected to drive further growth in the market.

Government initiatives and regulations also significantly contribute to the growth of the healthcare interaction solution market. Many countries are implementing policies to promote the adoption of digital health solutions and improve healthcare infrastructure. Governments are investing in healthcare IT systems to enhance the quality of care and ensure data security and privacy. For instance, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act in the United States has incentivized the adoption of electronic health records (EHRs), thereby encouraging healthcare providers to implement advanced interaction solutions.

Interactive Patient Engagement Systems are becoming increasingly vital in the healthcare interaction solution market. These systems are designed to actively involve patients in their own healthcare processes, enhancing communication between patients and providers. By utilizing digital platforms, patients can access their health records, schedule appointments, and receive personalized health education. This level of engagement not only empowers patients but also leads to better health outcomes and increased patient satisfaction. As healthcare providers strive to deliver more patient-centered care, the adoption of interactive patient engagement systems is expected to rise, driving further growth in the market.

Regionally, North America holds the largest market share due to the presence of advanced healthcare infrastructure and high adoption of digital health solutions. Europe follows closely, driven by favorable government initiatives and increasing investments in healthcare IT. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, owing to the rapidly expanding healthcare industry, increasing government investments, and growing awareness about the benefits of healthcare interaction solutions. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also expected to experience moderate growth, driven by improving healthcare facilities and rising demand for advanced healthcare technologies.

Component Analysis

The healthcare interaction solution market can be segmented by component into software, hardware, and services. The software segment is anticipated to dominate the market owing to the increasing demand for advanced healthcare management systems. These software solutions include applications for patient engagement, telehealth, medical imaging, and electronic health records. The integration of AI and machine learning into software solutions is enhancing their capabilities, making them more efficient and user-friendly. Additionally, the rising popularity of cloud-based software solutions is driving the growth of this segment.

Hardware is another vital component of the hea

IntroductionThe United States Institute of Medicine defines patient centred care (PCC), a core element of healthcare quality, as care that is holistic and responsive to individual needs. PCC is associated with better patient satisfaction and improved clinical outcomes. Current conceptualizations of PCC are mainly from Europe and North America. This systematic review summarises the perceived dimensions of PCC among patients and healthcare workers within hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsWithout date restrictions, searches were done on databases of the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Global Health, and grey literature, from their inception up to 11th August 2022. Only qualitative studies exploring dimensions or perceptions of PCC among patients, doctors and/or nurses in hospitals in (SSA) were included. Review articles and editorials were excluded. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts, and conducted full-text reviews with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. The CASP (critical appraisal skills program) checklist was utilised to assess the quality of included studies. The framework synthesis method was employed for data synthesis.Results5507 articles were retrieved. Thirty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 17 were in the specialty of obstetrics, while the rest were spread across different fields. The perceived dimensions reported in the studies included privacy and confidentiality, communication, shared decision making, dignity and respect, continuity of care, access to care, adequate infrastructure and empowerment. Separate analysis of patients’ and providers’ perspective revealed a difference in the practical understanding of shared-decision making. These dimensions were summarised into a framework consisting of patient-as-person, access to care, and integrated care.ConclusionThe conceptualization of PCC within SSA was largely similar to findings from other parts of the world, although with a stronger emphasis on access to care. In SSA, both relational and structural aspects of care were significant elements of PCC. Healthcare providers mostly perceived structural aspects such as infrastructure as key dimensions of PCC.Trial registrationPROSPERO Registration number CRD42021238411

The global healthcare survey tools market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for patient-centric care, the need for improved healthcare quality, and the rising adoption of digital health technologies. The market is segmented by application (patient feedback, hospital feedback) and type (cloud-based, on-premises), with cloud-based solutions witnessing faster adoption due to their scalability, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) is projected to be in the range of 15-20% from 2025-2033, indicating a significant expansion. This growth is fueled by several factors including the need for real-time feedback mechanisms, regulatory pressures for improved patient experience, and the ability of survey tools to track key performance indicators (KPIs) related to patient satisfaction and healthcare outcomes. North America and Europe currently hold significant market share, attributed to the higher adoption of advanced technologies and robust healthcare infrastructure. However, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness substantial growth in the coming years due to increasing healthcare expenditure and improving digital literacy. While the market demonstrates significant potential, several restraining factors exist. These include concerns regarding data privacy and security, the high initial investment costs for implementing comprehensive survey systems, and the need for trained personnel to effectively manage and interpret the collected data. The competitive landscape is fragmented, with both established players and emerging vendors vying for market share. Success hinges on offering innovative features, robust data analytics capabilities, and ensuring compliance with evolving data protection regulations. The market is projected to reach a value significantly exceeding $1 billion by 2033, making it an attractive investment opportunity for both established and new market entrants. Companies are constantly innovating to offer tailored solutions that meet the unique requirements of various healthcare settings, driving further market growth.

The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) Household Component (HC) collects data from a sample of families and individuals in selected communities across the United States, drawn from a nationally representative subsample of households that participated in the prior year's National Health Interview Survey (conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics). During the household interviews, MEPS collects detailed information for each person in the household on the following: demographic characteristics, health conditions, health status, use of medical services, charges and source of payments, access to care, satisfaction with care, health insurance coverage, income, and employment. The panel design of the survey, which features several rounds of interviewing, makes it possible to determine how changes in respondents' health status, income, employment, eligibility for public and private insurance coverage, use of services, and payment for care are related. Public Use Files for Household data are available on the MEPS website.

Linear mean score (standard deviation) of patient satisfaction indicators by regions in the United States.

Front-line Care Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global front-line care market size reached USD 310.7 billion in 2024, demonstrating robust expansion driven by increasing healthcare accessibility and rising demand for immediate medical interventions. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.4% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated USD 587.9 billion by 2033. This sustained growth is primarily fueled by the global emphasis on strengthening healthcare infrastructure, the growing prevalence of chronic diseases, and the adoption of advanced medical technologies across various care settings.

One of the most significant growth factors for the front-line care market is the rising incidence of both chronic and acute medical conditions worldwide. The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory disorders, and infectious diseases necessitates rapid and effective front-line interventions. As populations age, particularly in developed economies, the healthcare system is experiencing greater pressure to provide timely and comprehensive care at the first point of contact. This has led to increased investments in primary and emergency care services, with governments and private organizations alike focusing on improving patient outcomes through early detection, preventive measures, and efficient triaging of acute cases. The integration of digital health solutions, such as telemedicine and remote monitoring, has further enhanced the capacity of front-line care providers to deliver timely interventions and manage larger patient volumes.

Another crucial driver is the global push towards universal health coverage and the strengthening of primary healthcare systems. Many nations, especially in Asia Pacific and Latin America, are implementing policy reforms and allocating substantial resources to expand the reach of front-line care services. These initiatives aim to reduce the burden on tertiary care facilities by resolving a higher proportion of medical issues at the primary level. Additionally, the adoption of value-based care models and outcome-driven reimbursement strategies has incentivized healthcare providers to prioritize preventive care and early intervention. This shift is not only improving patient satisfaction and health outcomes but also optimizing healthcare expenditure by minimizing unnecessary hospitalizations and advanced treatments.

Technological advancements are playing a pivotal role in shaping the front-line care market. The proliferation of electronic health records (EHRs), artificial intelligence-driven diagnostic tools, and point-of-care testing devices has significantly improved the efficiency and accuracy of front-line care delivery. Mobile health applications and wearable devices are empowering patients to monitor their health proactively and seek care when necessary, further driving demand for front-line services. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of telehealth and remote care solutions, enabling healthcare providers to maintain continuity of care while minimizing infection risks. These innovations are expected to continue transforming the market landscape, fostering greater accessibility, and supporting personalized care pathways.

From a regional perspective, North America currently dominates the front-line care market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and Asia Pacific. The United States, in particular, benefits from a well-established healthcare infrastructure, high healthcare spending, and a strong focus on innovation. Europe is witnessing steady growth due to governmental efforts to improve primary care networks and address the needs of an aging population. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing region, driven by rapid urbanization, expanding middle-class populations, and increasing investments in healthcare infrastructure. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also experiencing notable growth, albeit from a lower base, as they strive to address healthcare disparities and improve access to essential services.

Users can download the survey's report and entire data set to gain information on a variety of health indicators in the United States and Canada. Background The Joint Canada/ United States Health Survey was a one time study conducted with Statistics Canada and the National Center for Health Statistics at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Both countries conducted the same survey to gather information regarding: health status, limitations of activities, asthma and other medical conditions, mental health, smoking, use of prescription medicines, physical activities, patient satisfaction, health insurance, and health care utilization. User Functionality Users can download the full report of the survey or the entire data set. Data Notes The Joint Canada/ United States Health Survey was conducted in 2002 and 2003. It was a one time telephone survey, with 3,200 Canadian participants and 5,200 American participants.

This collection comprises the second round of the Community Tracking Study (CTS) Household Survey and the second round of the CTS Followback Survey. The CTS, sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, is a national study designed to track changes in the health care system and their effects on care delivery and individuals. Fifty-one metropolitan areas and nine nonmetropolitan areas were randomly selected to form the core of the CTS and to be representative of the nation as a whole. As in the first round of the Household Survey (COMMUNITY TRACKING STUDY HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, 1996-1997, AND FOLLOWBACK SURVEY, 1997-1998: UNITED STATES), the second round of the Household Survey was administered to households in the 60 CTS sites and to a supplemental national sample of households. Respondents provided information about household composition and demographic characteristics, health insurance coverage, use of health services, unmet health care needs, out-of-pocket expenses for health care, usual source of care, patient trust and satisfaction, last visit to a medical provider, health status and presence of chronic health conditions, risk behaviors and smoking, and employment, earnings, and income. The purpose of the Followback Survey was to obtain detailed information on private health insurance coverage reported in the Household Survey. It was administered to the health plans and other organizations (managed care organizations, third-party administrators, employer or union plans, and employers) that offered or administered the respondents' comprehensive private health insurance policies. Information on private health insurance policies collected by the Followback Survey includes product type, gatekeeping, consumer cost sharing, provider payment methods, and coverage of mental health and/or substance abuse services.

This catalog record includes detailed variable-level descriptions, enabling data discovery and comparison. The data are not archived at ICPSR. Users should consult the data owners (via the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research) directly for details on obtaining the data. This collection includes variable-level metadata of Health and Health Care Priorities, a survey by Harvard School of Public Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation conducted by ICR Survey Research Group. Topics covered in this survey include: Important health problems Satisfaction with state of nation Severity of health issues Organizations that improve health care Important laws to pass The data and documentation files for this survey are available through the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research [Roper #31092255]. Frequencies and summary statistics for the 92 variables from this survey are available through the ICPSR social science variable database and can be accessed from the Variables tab.