******** and *************** offered some of the highest interest rates on savings accounts in the United States as of December 2024. Meanwhile, the savings accounts of most of the major banks, such as Goldman Sachs, American Express, or Barclays Bank, offered somewhat lower interest rates.

In the 1st quarter of 2025, personal savings amounted to 3.97 percent of the disposable income in the United States. The personal savings rate peaked in 2020, when U.S. households saved on average over 15 percent of their income. After that, it has remained between three and five percent. Savings during recessions During recessions, households often tend to increase their savings due to economic uncertainty and to compensate for any possible loss of income, which could occur, for example, in the case of falling into unemployment. For example, as seen in this statistic, the savings rate increased noticeably between 2007 and 2012, coinciding with a period of crisis. However, there are also factors that affect the amount of money that households can manage to set aside, such as inflation. Saving can be particularly difficult during periods when the inflation rate has been higher than the growth rates of wages. Savings accounts The value of savings deposits and other checkable deposits in the U.S. amounted to roughly 11 trillion U.S. dollars in early 2025, even after a significant fall in the amount of money placed in those types of instruments. In other words, savings accounts are a type of financial asset that is very widely used among households to save money. Nevertheless, interest rates of savings’ accounts differ a lot from one financial institution to another. Some of the lesser-known online banks had the highest interest rates, while the major banks often offered lower interest rates.

United States SCE: Interest Rate Expectation: Probability of Higher Average Interest Rate on Savings Accounts 1 Year from Now data was reported at 26.500 % in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 26.133 % for Mar 2025. United States SCE: Interest Rate Expectation: Probability of Higher Average Interest Rate on Savings Accounts 1 Year from Now data is updated monthly, averaging 29.753 % from Jun 2013 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 143 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41.800 % in Mar 2017 and a record low of 24.225 % in Mar 2024. United States SCE: Interest Rate Expectation: Probability of Higher Average Interest Rate on Savings Accounts 1 Year from Now data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.H085: Survey of Consumer Expectations: Financial.

In December 2024, the personal saving rate in the United States amounted to 3.8 percent. That was slightly lower figure than a year earlier. The personal saving rate is calculated as the ratio of personal savings to disposable personal income. Within the topic of personal savings in the U.S., there are different goals and reasons for saving. What are personal savings? Saving refers to strategies of accumulating capital for future use by either not spending a part of one’s income or cutting down on certain costs. Saved money may be preserved as cash, put on a deposit account, or invested in various financial instruments. Investing usually incorporates some level of risk which means that part of the invested money can be gone. An example of a relatively safe investment would be saving bonds, such as the debt securities issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Saving trends in the U.S. and abroad Looking at the personal saving rate in the United States throughout the past decades, it can be observed that savings had been decreasing until the mid-2000s, and they increased after the 2008 financial crisis. Still, the largest savings rates were reached in 2020 and 2021. The reason for that increase in the savings rate that year might be related to the measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. The value of personal savings in the United Kingdom has also followed a similar trend. Although events like the COVID-19 pandemic may have affect many countries in a similar way, the ability to save, as well as the average savings as a share of personal income across countries can vary significantly depending on multiple factors affecting each territory.

The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Fed Funds Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Personal savings in the United States reached a value of 975 billion U.S. dollars in 2024, marking a slight increase compared to 2023. Personal savings peaked in 2020 at nearly 2.7 trillion U.S. dollars. Those figures remained very high until 2021. The excess savings during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. and other countries were the main reason for that increase, as the measures implemented to contain the spread of the virus had an impact on consumer spending. Saving before and after the 2008 financial crisis During the periods of growth and certain economic stability in the pre-2008 crisis period, there were falling savings rates. People were confident the good times would stay and felt comfortable borrowing money. Credit was easily accessible and widely available, which encouraged people to spend money. However, in times of austerity, people generally tend to their private savings due to a higher economic uncertainty. That was also the case in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. Savings and inflation The economic climate of high inflation and rising Federal Reserve interest rates in the U.S. made it increasingly difficult to save money in 2022. Not only does inflation affect the ability of people to save, but reversely, consumer behavior also affects inflation. On the one hand, prices can increase when the production costs are higher. That can be the case, for example, when the price of West Texas Intermediate crude oil or other raw materials increases. On the other hand, when people have a lot of savings and the economy is strong, high levels of consumer demand can also increase the final price of products.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: 3-Month or 90-Day Rates and Yields: Certificates of Deposit: Total for United States (IR3TCD01USQ156N) from Q3 1964 to Q4 2023 about CD, 3-month, yield, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

Policy interest rates in the U.S. and Europe are forecasted to decrease gradually between 2024 and 2027, following exceptional increases triggered by soaring inflation between 2021 and 2023. The U.S. federal funds rate stood at **** percent at the end of 2023, the European Central Bank deposit rate at **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate at **** percent. With inflationary pressures stabilizing, policy interest rates are forecast to decrease in each observed region. The U.S. federal funds rate is expected to decrease to *** percent, the ECB refi rate to **** percent, the Bank of England bank rate to **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate to **** percent by 2025. An interesting aspect to note is the impact of these interest rate changes on various economic factors such as growth, employment, and inflation. The impact of central bank policy rates The U.S. federal funds effective rate, crucial in determining the interest rate paid by depository institutions, experienced drastic changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The subsequent slight changes in the effective rate reflected the efforts to stimulate the economy and manage economic factors such as inflation. Such fluctuations in the federal funds rate have had a significant impact on the overall economy. The European Central Bank's decision to cut its fixed interest rate in June 2024 for the first time since 2016 marked a significant shift in attitude towards economic conditions. The reasons behind the fluctuations in the ECB's interest rate reflect its mandate to ensure price stability and manage inflation, shedding light on the complex interplay between interest rates and economic factors. Inflation and real interest rates The relationship between inflation and interest rates is critical in understanding the actions of central banks. Central banks' efforts to manage inflation through interest rate adjustments reveal the intricate balance between economic growth and inflation. Additionally, the concept of real interest rates, adjusted for inflation, provides valuable insights into the impact of inflation on the economy.

The industry has largely continued on its long-term trajectory of decline over the last five years. The industry continues to lose market share to more dynamic commercial banks as well as financial technology companies. The industry received tailwinds from regulations and the real estate market as a result of the recovering economy and low interest rates related to the pandemic at the onset of the period, limiting the industry's overall decline. However, interest rates were raised significantly by the Federal Reserve following the pandemic to tackle rampant inflation, which attracted customers to low-risk and high-yield savings accounts. However, in 2024, the Federal Reserve cut interest rates as inflationary pressures eased and is anticipated to cut rates further in the near future, limiting demand for industry services. Savings institutions' revenue has lagged at a CAGR of 1.4% to $73.2 billion over the past five years, including an expected jump of 0.9% in 2024 alone. The main story of this industry over the last five years has been interest rate fluctuations. The Federal Reserve lowered rates to near-zero to save the economy from the global shutdowns and general fear. Lowered rates reduced interest income from deposits, but increased revenue related to the fervorous real estate market. In 2022, the Federal Reserve reversed course and began hiking rates to control inflation. This had the inverse effects of low rates. The Federal Reserve cut interest rates in 2024 but interest rates remain elevated. Although, reduced rates will decrease interest income from deposits but increase demand from real estate-related financial products. Decreased regulatory oversight and a broad-based economic recovery are expected to drive some industry growth in the next five years. Savings institutions' revenue is expected to grow at a CAGR of 0.9% to $76.7 billion over the five years to 2029.

The benchmark interest rate in Japan was last recorded at 0.50 percent. This dataset provides - Japan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This dataset provides values for INTEREST RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Daily Federal Funds Rate from 1928-1954 (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/categories/33951).

The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds (balances held at Federal Reserve Banks) with each other overnight. When a depository institution has surplus balances in its reserve account, it lends to other banks in need of larger balances. In simpler terms, a bank with excess cash, which is often referred to as liquidity, will lend to another bank that needs to quickly raise liquidity. (1) The rate that the borrowing institution pays to the lending institution is determined between the two banks; the weighted average rate for all of these types of negotiations is called the effective federal funds rate.(2) The effective federal funds rate is essentially determined by the market but is influenced by the Federal Reserve through open market operations to reach the federal funds rate target.(2) The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds target rate. As previously stated, this rate influences the effective federal funds rate through open market operations or by buying and selling of government bonds (government debt).(2) More specifically, the Federal Reserve decreases liquidity by selling government bonds, thereby raising the federal funds rate because banks have less liquidity to trade with other banks. Similarly, the Federal Reserve can increase liquidity by buying government bonds, decreasing the federal funds rate because banks have excess liquidity for trade. Whether the Federal Reserve wants to buy or sell bonds depends on the state of the economy. If the FOMC believes the economy is growing too fast and inflation pressures are inconsistent with the dual mandate of the Federal Reserve, the Committee may set a higher federal funds rate target to temper economic activity. In the opposing scenario, the FOMC may set a lower federal funds rate target to spur greater economic activity. Therefore, the FOMC must observe the current state of the economy to determine the best course of monetary policy that will maximize economic growth while adhering to the dual mandate set forth by Congress. In making its monetary policy decisions, the FOMC considers a wealth of economic data, such as: trends in prices and wages, employment, consumer spending and income, business investments, and foreign exchange markets. The federal funds rate is the central interest rate in the U.S. financial market. It influences other interest rates such as the prime rate, which is the rate banks charge their customers with higher credit ratings. Additionally, the federal funds rate indirectly influences longer- term interest rates such as mortgages, loans, and savings, all of which are very important to consumer wealth and confidence.(2) References (1) Federal Reserve Bank of New York. "Federal funds." Fedpoints, August 2007. (2) Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. "Monetary Policy (https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy.htm)".

For questions on the data, please contact the data source (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/ContactUs/feedback.aspx?refurl=/releases/h15/%). For questions on FRED functionality, please contact us here (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/contactus/).

The Loan Administration, Check Cashing, and Other Services industry is highly dependent on the health of the housing market, and throughout the current period, its continued expansion amid low interest rates at the onset of the current period and increasing per capita disposable income created demand for operators. The servicing operations of the big banks have grown along with regional bank servicers as well as nonbanks. However, revenue from miscellaneous services within this industry, such as check cashing and money orders, experience competition from online money transfer services. Industry revenue is expected to push higher due to the increase in housing starts through the current period. Industry revenue has been climbing at a CAGR of 1.7% to $25.9 billion over the five years to 2024, including an expected increase of 2.8% in 2024 alone, while industry profit has grown over the past five years. Industry revenue is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2.7% to $29.6 billion over the five years to 2029, while industry profit is also expected to climb during the outlook period. The growth in consumer spending and disposable income will sustain lending activity and demand for servicing conducted by industry operators. The Federal Reserve is expected to continue to cut interest rates in the near future. Reduced interest rates will increase demand for debt but will hinder fees for industry operators. In addition, an increase in housing starts is expected to boost industry growth in the outlook period.

Graph and download economic data for Treasury Yield: Money Market <100M (MMTY) from Apr 2021 to Jun 2025 about marketable, Treasury, yield, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

This paper examines the relationship between banks lending and monetary policy for banks with different level of capital ratio. We study the relation using the sample of U.S. banks over the period 1994 to 2010. We choose short term interest rate, deposit, security and GDP as components of monetary policy. We use bank loan change as the dependent variable, short term interest rate, deposit, security, GDP change and 1 year lagged change as independent variables for the regression model. Our model returns significant results for all independent variables except security change lagged variable for all three categories and short term interest rate variable for best-capitalized banks. Out finding shows that the monetary policy change will significantly affect bank lending change with strongest effect on least-capitalized banks and weakest effect on best-capitalized banks.

Bank of America Corporation, through its subsidiaries, provides banking and financial products and services for individual consumers, small and middle-market businesses, institutional investors, large corporations, and governments worldwide. Its Consumer Banking segment offers traditional and money market savings accounts, certificates of deposit and IRAs, noninterest-and interest-bearing checking accounts, and investment accounts and products; and credit and debit cards, residential mortgages, and home equity loans, as well as direct and indirect loans, such as automotive, recreational vehicle, and consumer personal loans. The company's Global Wealth & Investment Management segment offers investment management, brokerage, banking, and trust and retirement products and services; and wealth management solutions, as well as customized solutions, including specialty asset management services. Its Global Banking segment provides lending products and services, including commercial loans, leases, commitment facilities, trade finance, and commercial real estate and asset-based lending; treasury solutions, such as treasury management, foreign exchange, and short-term investing options and merchant services; working capital management solutions; and debt and equity underwriting and distribution, and merger-related and other advisory services. The company's Global Markets segment offers market-making, financing, securities clearing, settlement, and custody services, as well as risk management products using interest rate, equity, credit, currency and commodity derivatives, foreign exchange, fixed-income, and mortgage-related products. As of December 31, 2021, it served approximately 67 million consumer and small business clients with approximately 4,200 retail financial centers; approximately 16,000 ATMs; and digital banking platforms with approximately 41 million active users. The company was founded in 1784 and is based in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Bank of America Corporation, through its subsidiaries, provides banking and financial products and services for individual consumers, small and middle-market businesses, institutional investors, large corporations, and governments worldwide. Its Consumer Banking segment offers traditional and money market savings accounts, certificates of deposit and IRAs, noninterest-and interest-bearing checking accounts, and investment accounts and products; and credit and debit cards, residential mortgages, and home equity loans, as well as direct and indirect loans, such as automotive, recreational vehicle, and consumer personal loans. The company's Global Wealth & Investment Management segment offers investment management, brokerage, banking, and trust and retirement products and services; and wealth management solutions, as well as customized solutions, including specialty asset management services. Its Global Banking segment provides lending products and services, including commercial loans, leases, commitment facilities, trade finance, and commercial real estate and asset-based lending; treasury solutions, such as treasury management, foreign exchange, and short-term investing options and merchant services; working capital management solutions; and debt and equity underwriting and distribution, and merger-related and other advisory services. The company's Global Markets segment offers market-making, financing, securities clearing, settlement, and custody services, as well as risk management products using interest rate, equity, credit, currency and commodity derivatives, foreign exchange, fixed-income, and mortgage-related products. As of December 31, 2021, it served approximately 67 million consumer and small business clients with approximately 4,200 retail financial centers; approximately 16,000 ATMs; and digital banking platforms with approximately 41 million active users. The company was founded in 1784 and is based in Charlotte, North Carolina.

In April 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In early 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 21 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at -0.1 percent in April 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 10.2 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

The US commercial banking market, a significant component of the broader global landscape, is projected to experience steady growth over the forecast period (2025-2033). With a 2025 market size estimated at $700.55 billion (based on the provided global figure and assuming a significant US market share), the sector benefits from a robust and diverse economy. Key drivers include increasing demand for commercial lending to support small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and larger corporations, alongside the expanding need for treasury management solutions and sophisticated financial instruments. Technological advancements, including the adoption of fintech solutions and digital banking platforms, are transforming the sector, enhancing efficiency and customer experience. However, regulatory scrutiny, economic uncertainty, and potential interest rate fluctuations represent potential restraints on growth. The market is segmented by product (commercial lending, treasury management, syndicated loans, capital markets, and other products) and function (deposit acceptance, loan advancement, credit creation, foreign trade financing, agency services, and other functions). Major players such as JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Wells Fargo, and Citibank hold significant market share, leveraging their extensive networks and established client bases. The competitive landscape remains dynamic, with smaller institutions and fintech companies vying for market share through innovative offerings and specialized services. Future growth is expected to be driven by strategic partnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and continued technological innovation. The substantial growth observed in recent years is likely to continue, albeit at a moderated pace. The 4.56% CAGR projected for the global market suggests a similar, albeit potentially slightly higher, growth rate for the US. This is attributable to the continuing economic activity and the ever-increasing financial needs of businesses across all sizes and sectors. The strong presence of major banking institutions in the US further contributes to market stability and growth potential. While regulatory changes and economic shifts might introduce short-term volatility, the long-term outlook for the US commercial banking sector remains positive, driven by fundamental economic trends and technological evolution within the financial services sector. Further segmentation analysis at the regional level within the US (e.g., Northeast, Southeast, West Coast) would provide a more granular understanding of market dynamics and growth opportunities. Recent developments include: July 2023: Citi unveiled its trade and working capital eLoans, a financial solution tailored to address immediate and future working capital needs. Citi eLoans, emphasizing simplicity and security, aims to empower eligible clients with the necessary liquidity to sustain their commercial operations.May 2023: JPMorgan Chase made a significant move by acquiring the lion's share of assets, along with deposits and select liabilities, from First Republic Bank in a transaction facilitated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). This acquisition contained First Republic Bank's assets, boasting a loan portfolio of around USD 173 billion and securities valued at approximately USD 30 billion.. Key drivers for this market are: Economic Growth is Driving the Market. Potential restraints include: Economic Growth is Driving the Market. Notable trends are: Increased Digitalization in the Commercial Banking Market.

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Microfinance Market Size 2025-2029

The microfinance market size is forecast to increase by USD 206.8 billion at a CAGR of 14.1% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the emergence of social media and increasing digital connectivity. This trend is particularly prominent in the Asia Pacific region, where the market is expanding rapidly. However, the industry faces challenges related to inadequate risk management. The proliferation of digital platforms is enabling financial inclusion, reaching populations previously underserved by traditional financial institutions. In the Asia Pacific region, for instance, over 200 million adults remain unbanked, presenting a vast opportunity for microfinance institutions. Yet, the sector's growth is not without challenges. Effective risk management remains a significant hurdle, as microfinance institutions grapple with assessing and mitigating risk in an environment characterized by limited financial data and high operational complexity. Companies seeking to capitalize on market opportunities and navigate challenges effectively must invest in advanced risk management solutions, leveraging technology and data analytics to mitigate risk and expand their reach. Additionally, strategic partnerships and collaborations can help microfinance institutions overcome operational complexities and expand their offerings, catering to the diverse financial needs of their clientele.

What will be the Size of the Microfinance Market during the forecast period?

Request Free SampleThe market encompasses loan facilities and financial services catering to the low-income segment, primarily focusing on cottage industries and household income generation. Microfinance credit plays a crucial role in poverty reduction by providing access to financial aid for individuals and microenterprises, often bypassing traditional lending practices. Technological infrastructure, including digital platforms and mobile banking, significantly contributes to the market's growth, enabling financial inclusion and economic empowerment. Peer-to-peer lending and technological integration have reduced operating costs, allowing financial institutions to offer microcredit facilities with competitive interest rates. Traditional banking services are increasingly adopting technology to streamline loan processing, savings accounts, money transfers, leasing services, and financial return tracking. The financial health of microfinance institutions relies on effective credit scoring and maintaining financial return, attracting private sector banks and fintech companies to invest in this sector. Overall, the market continues to expand, driven by the need for affordable financial services and the increasing adoption of technology.

How is this Microfinance Industry segmented?

The microfinance industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments. End-userSmall enterprisesSolo entrepreneursMicro enterprisesUsageAgricultureManufacturing/ProductionTrade and servicesHouseholdOthersTypeBanksNon-banksService TypeGroup and individual micro-creditInsuranceSavings and checking accountsLeasingMicro-investment fundsGeographyAPACBangladeshChinaIndiaIndonesiaVietnamSouth AmericaArgentinaBrazilChileColombiaNorth AmericaUSEuropeMiddle East and Africa

By End-user Insights

The small enterprises segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.The market plays a significant role in catering to the financial needs of small businesses, particularly those without access to traditional financial institutions. Fueled by an increasing entrepreneurial spirit, expanding public awareness of microfinance services, and favorable regulatory environments, this market has experienced substantial growth. Microfinance institutions (MFIs) offer loan facilities to various sectors, including rural agriculture, cottage industries, and micro and small enterprises. Digital integration through mobile banking, point-of-sale systems, and peer-to-peer lending platforms has broadened reach and improved accessibility, especially in remote areas. MFIs provide financial services such as savings accounts, money transfers, leasing services, and loan processing to promote financial health and social mobility among unbanked populations. Despite challenges like high interest rates, short repayment periods, and operational costs, MFIs remain crucial in poverty reduction and financial inclusion.

Get a glance at the market report of share of various segments Request Free Sample

The Small enterprises segment was valued at USD 59.80 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

APAC is estimated to contribute 48%