Abstract

Introduction

The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of industrial statistics in India. It provides statistical information to assess and evaluate, objectively and realistically, the changes in the growth, composition and structure of organized manufacturing sector comprising activities related to manufacturing processes, repair services, gas and water supply and cold storage. The survey has so far been conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics (COS) Act, 1953 and the rules framed there-under in 1959 except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is conducted under the J&K Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and rules framed there under in 1964. From ASI 2010-11 onwards, the survey is to be conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics (COS) Act, 2008 and the rules framed there-under in 2011except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is to be conducted under the J&K Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and rules framed there under in 1964.

ASI schedule is the basic tool to collect required data for the factories registered under Sections 2(m)(i) and 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948. The schedule for ASI, at present, has two parts. Part-I of ASI schedule, processed at the CSO (IS Wing), Kolkata, aims to collect data on assets and liabilities, employment and labour cost, receipts, expenses, input items: indigenous and imported, products and by-products, distributive expenses, etc. Part-II of ASI schedule is processed by the Labour Bureau. It aims to collect data on different aspects of labour statistics, namely, working days, man-days worked, absenteeism, labour turnover, man-hours worked etc. The concepts and definition of various terms used in collection of ASI data are given in Chapter Two, and the details of the schedule, item descriptions and procedures for collecting information for each item.

Geographic coverage

The ASI extends its coverage to the entire country. It covers all factories registered under Sections 2(m)(i) and 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948, where the manufacturing process is defined under Section 2(k) of the said Act. The survey also covers bidi and cigar manufacturing establishments registered under the Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act 1966. All electricity undertakings engaged in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) were also covered under ASI irrespective of their employment size till ASI 1997-98. Defence establishments, oil storage and distribution depots etc. are excluded from the purview of the survey.

From ASI 1998-99, the electricity units registered with the CEA and the departmental units such as railway workshops, RTC workshops, Govt. Mints, sanitary, water supply, gas storage, etc. are not covered. However, Public Sector Undertakings and eligible captive plants are covered in the survey. The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas and water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi and cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same state and pertaining to the same industry group and falling under the census scheme is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return, termed as 'Joint Return'. Such consolidated returns are a common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Analysis unit

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to same scheme (census or sample) is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Universe

The survey cover factories registered under the Factory Act 1948.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design adopted in ASI has undergone considerable changes from time to time, taking into account the technical and other requirements. The earlier sampling design had been adopted from ASI 2007-08 to ASI 2011-12. From ASI 2012-13, a new sampling design has been adopted following the recommendation of Dr. S. L.Shetty Committee and approved by the SCIS subsequently. According to the new sampling design, all the factories in the updated frame are divided into two sectors, viz., Census and Sample.

Census Sector: Census Sector consists of the following units: a) All industrial units belonging to the six less industrially developed states/ UT's viz.Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. b) For the rest of the twenty-six states/ UT's., (i) units having 100 or more employees, and (ii) all factories covered under Joint Returns. c) After excluding the Census Sector units as defined in paragraphs a) and b) above, the strata will be formed at State × District × Sector × 4-digit of NIC-2008 level. Sectors are (i) Bidi, (ii) Manufacturing and (iii) Electricity. All units belonging to the strata (i.e., formed on the basis of units in State by District by Sector by 4-digit of NIC-08) having less than or equal to 4 units are also considered as Census Sector units.

Sample Sector a) Then factories, in each stratum, are arranged in order of their number of employees. Finally, the sample will be drawn circular systematically in the form of four independent sub-samples considering an overall sampling fraction, say, between 16% to 20%, depending upon the availability of resources of FOD/State. An even number of units with a minimum of 4 units are selected and evenly distributed in four subsamples. It may be noted that in the formation of stratum, the sectors are taken as (i) Bidi, (ii) Manufacturing and (iii) Electricity. Moreover, each of the 4 sub-samples from a particular stratum may not have equal number of units. b) Out of these four sub-samples, two, preferably the odd ones, will be given to FOD, NSSO and the remaining two will be given to State/UT for data collection. Thus if four sub-samples SS1, SS2, SS3 and SS4 are formed in each stratum, the sub-samples SS1 and SS3 will be surveyed by NSSO, FOD, and the sub-samples SS2 and SS4 will be surveyed by State/ UT. c) The entire units under the Census scheme plus all the units belonging to the two subsamples meant for FOD (i.e., sub-samples SS1 and SS3) may be treated as the Central sample.

Sampling deviation

The sampling design adopted in ASI has undergone considerable changes from time to time, taking into account the technical and other requirements. The present sampling design has been adopted from ASI 2007-08. All the factories in the updated frame are divided into two sectors, viz., Census and Sample.

Mode of data collection

Statutory return submitted by factories as well as Face to Face

Research instrument

Annual Survey of Industries Questionnaire is divided into different blocks:

BLOCK A.IDENTIFICATION BLOCK - This block has been designed to collect the descriptive identification of the sample enterprise. The items are mostly self-explanatory.

BLOCK B. TO BE FILLED BY OWNER OF THE FACTORY - This block has been designed to collect the particulars of the sample enterprise. This point onwards, all the facts and figures in this return are to be filled in by owner of the factory.

BLOCK C: FIXED ASSETS - Fixed assets are of a permanent nature having a productive life of more than one year, which is meant for earning revenue directly or indirectly and not for the purpose of sale in ordinary course of business. They include assets used for production, transportation, living or recreational facilities, hospital, school, etc. Intangible fixed assets like goodwill, preliminary expenses including drawing and design etc are excluded for the purpose of ASI. The fixed assets have, at the start of their functions, a definite value, which decreases with wear and tear. The original cost less depreciation indicates that part of value of fixed assets, which has not yet been transferred to the output. This value is called the residual value. The value of a fixed asset, which has completed its theoretical working life should always be recorded as Re.1/-. The revalued value is considered now. But depreciation will be taken on original cost and not on revalued cost.

BLOCK D: WORKING CAPITAL & LOANS - Working capital represents the excess of total current assets over total current liabilities.

BLOCK E : EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR COST - Particulars in this block should relate to all persons who work in and for the establishment including working proprietors and active business partners and unpaid family workers. However, Directors of incorporated enterprises who are paid solely for their attendance at meeting of the Board of Directors are to be excluded.

BLOCK F : OTHER EXPENSES - This block includes the cost of other inputs as both the industrial and nonindustrial service rendered by others, which are paid by the factory and most of which are reflected in the ex-factory value of its production during the accounting year.

BLOCK G : OTHER INCOMES -

Abstract

Introduction

The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is one of the large-scale sample survey conducted by Field Operation Division of National Sample Survey Office for more than three decades with the objective of collecting comprehensive information related to registered factories on annual basis. ASI is the primary source of data for facilitating systematic study of the structure of industries, analysis of various factors influencing industries in the country and creating a database for formulation of industrial policy.

The main objectives of the Annual Survey of Industries are briefly as follows:

(a) Estimation of the contribution of manufacturing industries as a whole and of each unit to national income.

(b) Systematic study of the structure of industry as a whole and of each type of industry and each unit.

(c) Casual analysis of the various factors influencing industry in the country: and

(d) Provision of comprehensive, factual and systematic basis for the formulation of policy.

The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of industrial statistics in India. It provides statistical information to assess changes in the growth, composition and structure of organised manufacturing sector comprising activities related to manufacturing processes, repair services, gas and water supply and cold storage. The Survey is conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics Act 1953, and the Rules framed there-under in 1959, except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is conducted under the State Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and the rules framed there-under in 1964.

Geographic coverage

The ASI is the principal source of industrial statistics in India and extends to the entire country except Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram & Sikkim and the Union Territory of Lakshadweep. It covers all factories registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948.

Analysis unit

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to census scheme is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Universe

The survey cover factories registered under the Factory Act 1948.

Establishments under the control of the Defence Ministry,oil storage and distribution units, restaurants and cafes and technical training institutions not producing anything for sale or exchange were kept outside the coverage of the ASI.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling Procedure

The sampling design followed in ASI 1998-99 is a Circular Systematic one. All the factories in the updated frame (universe) are divided into two sectors, viz., Census and Sample.

Census Sector: Census Sector is defined as follows:

a) All the complete enumeration States namely, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. b) For the rest of the States/ UT's., (i) units having 200 or more workers, and (ii) all factories covered under Joint Returns.

Rest of the factories found in the frame constituted Sample sector on which sampling was done. Factories under Biri & Cigar sector were not considered uniformly under census sector. Factories under this sector were treated for inclusion in census sector as per definition above (i.e., more than 200 workers and/or joint returns). After identifying Census sector factories, rest of the factories were arranged in ascending order of States, NIC-98 (4 digit), number of workers and district and properly numbered. The Sampling was taken within each stratum (State X Sector X 4-digit NIC) with a minimum of 8 samples in each stratum in the form of 2 sub-samples. For the first time, all electricity undertakings other than captive units, Government Departmental undertakings such as Railway Workshops, P & T workshops etc. were kept out of coverage of ASI.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from sample design in ASI 1998-99.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Pre-data entry scrutiny was carried out on the schedules for inter and intra block consistency checks. Such editing was mostly manual, although some editing was automatic. But, for major inconsistencies, the schedules were referred back to NSSO (FOD) for clarifications/modifications.

The final unit level data of ASI 98-99 is available now in electronic media. This document describes additional information regarding ASI 98-99 data from the point of data processing. Users of ASI 98-99 data are requested to read this document carefully before they attempt to process the unit level data for their own purpose. They are also requested to refer to the schedule and the instruction manual for filling up the schedule before interpreting contents of various data fields. A. Contents The CD (or any other media) should contain the following files: ASI99.TXT This file contains unit level detail data of ASI 98-99 as per structure given in ANNEXURE- Total no. of records: 104740 XASI98.TXT (Metadata created from this .TXT file) This file contains unit level detail data of ASI 97-98 for those factories which were found not responding during the survey of ASI 98-99. The record layout is already available with the Computer Centre, New Delhi. Record Length: 135 Total no. of records: 6974 README.DOC This file.

B. Tabulation procedure The tabulation procedure by CSO(ISW) includes both the ASI 98-99 data and the extracted data from ASI 97-98 for all tabulation purpose. To make results comparable, users are requested to follow the same procedure. For calculation of various parameters, users are requested to refer instruction manual/report for the respective years. Please note that a separate inflation factor (Multiplier) is available for each factory against records belonging to Block-A ,pos:38-46 (Please refer ANNEXURE-I) for ASI 98-99 data. Since the data extracted from ASI 97-98 belong to Census Sector no such inflation (Multiplier) factor is required. Industry code as per Return(5-digit level of NIC-98) Industry code as reported by the factories in Block-A, Item 1 has been further codified because of the following two policies practiced at CSO(ISW). Tabulation policy: As per the latest tabulation policy, it has been decided to publish detail information regarding factories belonging to 01 to 37 of industry codes( 2-digit, NIC-98). Factories belonging to other industry groups would be clubbed together and to be published under 'Others'. Accordingly all industry codes other than 01 to 37 were replaced with a 5-digited code 'YYYYY'. Merging and suppression of identity: To suppress the identity of factories, less frequent industry codes were modified accordingly. Example: if a reported industry code is found as 2930Z, this is to be treated as 'other merged industry code under industry group 2930 (4-digit NIC'98)'. Similarly if the reported industry code is found as 293ZZ, the same as to be treated as 'other merged industry code under industry group 293 (3-digit NIC'98)' and so on.

FIXED ASSETS (Block-C) Columnwise relationship (please refer schedule) may not hold true for data in this block. This is because of the lack of information available from the factory owners. E. EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR COST (Block-E) It has been found that a larger number of factory owners were unable to provide detailed break-up of information regarding provident fund (Block-E, Col.7). Instead they provide total provident fund as a whole for all employees (Block-E, Srl. No. 7, Col.7). Users are requested to use Srl.9, Col.7 for information on provident fund. The total of srl.6 to 8 for Col.7 may not tally with srl.9, col.7. F. ASICC codes in Block H, I & J Because of the proximity of various item's description, it is possible that same ASICC code may appear against multiple records in these blocks. They should not be treated as duplicates. They are clubbed together at the time of tabulation to provide information at ASICC level. G. Record Identification Key Record identification key for each factory is Despatch Serial No. (DSL, pos: 4-8) X Block code (Blk, pos: 3). Please refer ANNEXURE-I for item level identification key for each factory.

Sampling error estimates

Relative Standard Error (RSE) is calculated in terms of worker, wages to worker and GVA using the formula (Pl ease refer to Estimation Procedure document in external resources). Programs developed in Visual Faxpro are used to compute the RSE of estimates.

Data appraisal

To check for consistency and reliability of data the same are compared with the NIC-2digit level growth rate at all India Index of Production (IIP) and the growth rates obtained from the National Accounts Statistics at current and constant prices for the registered manufacturing sector.