This statistic shows the distribution of K-12 public education infrastructure funding in the United States between 1994 and 2013, by source and budget type. Between 1994 and 2013, the federal government contributed about ** percent to the annual operating budget for school construction in the United States.

Public schools have managed to maintain revenue growth despite significant shifts in funding, enrollment and parental preferences. Class sizes are shrinking every year as birth rates drop and the high school retention rate stagnates, straining revenue as smaller schools see lessened funding from governments. Public schools have contended with heightened competition from alternative education options, especially homeschooling and private institutions, as parents seek more personalized educational experiences. States have increasingly adopted school choice systems, allowing parents to use public funds or tax credits to pay for private schooling. The Trump administration has taken steps to promote these programs even more and has proposed establishing a federal voucher system. Despite heightened competition and a rigorous competitive atmosphere, strong per-pupil funding amid strong state and local budgets has buoyed public schools. Public schools' revenue has been climbing at a CAGR of 1.4% to an estimated $1.0 billion over the five years through 2025, including a rise of 0.9% in 2025 alone. Governments fully fund public schools. Support from state and local governments is especially vital, as they provide nearly nine-tenths of public schools' revenue. Despite a slight dip in 2022, strong tax income pushed up government funding for primary and secondary schools by 6.2% in 2023. These resources are enabling public schools to invest in tutoring and counseling to improve their educational outcomes and better compete with alternative primary and secondary schools. Public schools also used funds to help transition to online and augmented education and have avoided taking on further losses as shrinking class sizes leave them without pressure to continue purchasing new laptops or tablets. Still, public schools are not profitable and largely operate at a loss every year. Public schools are set to face a continued drop in enrollment as well as intensifying competition. To sustain revenue and support, schools will focus on retaining students and improving academic outcomes despite potential federal funding changes. The expansion of school choice programs will compel public schools to enhance their quality and offer additional services like after-school programs to sustain enrollment and win parental support as families gain more access to private schools. Still, charter schools will leverage their unique value propositions to remain competitive and buoy enrollment in the public school system. Public schools' revenue is set to stagnate, swelling at a CAGR of just 0.2% to an estimated $1.0 billion through the end of 2030.

This map displays public school funding adequacy gap across the United States by county, state, and national levels, using the County Health Rankings 2022 layer hosted in the Living Atlas. School funding adequacy is defined as "the average gap in dollars between actual and required spending per pupil among public school districts. Required spending is an estimate of dollars needed to achieve US average test scores in each school district".School funding plays an important role in educational outcomes, and their distribution geographically by race/ethnicity. Research has shown that schools and districts with more funding are better able to provide higher-quality and deeper educational opportunities to students. Explore this map to see what the school funding adequacy gap is in your geography.The County Health Rankings, a collaboration between the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, measure the health of nearly all counties in the nation and rank them within states. This feature layer contains 2022 County Health Rankings data for nation, state, and county levels. The Rankings are compiled using county-level measures from a variety of national and state data sources. According to the County Health Rankings & Roadmaps site "By ranking the health of nearly every county in the nation, the County Health Rankings help communities understand what influences how healthy residents are and how long they will live. These comparisons among counties provide context and demonstrate that where you live, and many other factors including race/ethnicity, can deeply impact your ability to live a healthy life. The Rankings not only provide this snapshot of your county’s health, but also are used to drive conversations and action to address the health challenges and gaps highlighted in these findings."Web Map originally compiled by Summers Cleary

This graph shows the sources of revenue for public schools in the United States for the 2008/09 school year in constant 2010/11 U.S. dollars. In that year, 58,433 million U.S. dollars worth of revenue was sourced from the Federal Government.

Census.gov / 2023 Public Elementary-Secondary Education Finance Data

Overview

Data

census.gov (school-finances)
census.gov (geo)
census.gov (SAIPE) - the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE)

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License

The U.S. Census Bureau generally makes its data and information publicly available without requiring a specific license, meaning you can use it for most purposes, including commercial use, without explicit permission or payment, as it is government-produced information. The Census Bureau's website (census.gov) states that its data is publicly accessible, and for the specific dataset mentioned, it is likely covered under the general policy of public data availability from the Census Bureau.

New Zealand schools are funded primarily by the government. The three main components of government funding are school operations, teacher salaries, and property funding. In addition schools receive various forms of ‘in-kind’ resourcing from the government, including software licensing, laptops for principals, other ICT support and professional development. State and state-integrated schools get funding from all three sources, while private schools only receive School Operations funding.

School District Finance Survey, 2012-13 (F-33 2012-13), is a study that is part of the Common Core of Data (CCD) program; program data available since 1990 at . F-33 2012-13 (https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/f33ageninfo.asp) is a universe survey that is designed to provide finance data for all local education agencies (LEAs) that provide free public elementary and secondary education in the United States. The data file for F-33 2012-13 contains records representing the public elementary and secondary education agencies in the 50 United States and the District of Columbia. Key statistics produced from F-33 2012-13 are expenditures by object and function, indebtedness, and revenues by source. The F-33 is collaboration by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and the Census Bureau. Census is the primary collection agent. Census refers to the collection as the Annual Survey of Local Government Finances: School Systems and releases its own version of the data file and publication based on that file. The NCES and Census files differ in their inclusion of independent charter school districts, the classification of some revenue items, and the inclusion of some expenditure items.

In most PISA-participating countries and economies, the average socio-economic background of students who attend privately managed schools is more advantaged than that of those who attend public schools. Yet in some countries, there is little difference in the socio-economic profiles between public and private schools. Why? An analysis of PISA results finds that while the prevalence of privately managed schools in a country is not related to socio-economic stratification within a school system, the level of public funding to privately managed schools is: the higher the proportion of public funding allocated to privately managed schools, the smaller the socio-economic divide between publicly and privately managed schools. This report also shows that those countries with narrow socio-economic stratification in their education systems not only maximise equity and social cohesion, but also perform well in the PISA survey.

In the 2024-25 school year, New York spent around ****** U.S. dollars per pupil on public elementary and secondary schools - the most out of any state. Vermont, the District of Columbia, Massachusetts, and New Jersey rounded out the top five states for elementary and secondary school expenditure per pupil.

This report analyses government funding for primary and secondary school education. This includes funding from federal, state and local governments for both private and public schools. The data for this report is sourced from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and is measured in billions of current dollars over financial years.

Financial information of public and private elementary and secondary education expenditures, by direct source of funds and geography.

School District Finance Survey, 2006-07 (F-33 2006-07), is a study that is part of the Common Core of Data (CCD) program; program data available since 1990 at . F-33 2006-07 (https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/f33ageninfo.asp) is a universe survey that is designed to provide finance data for all local education agencies (LEAs) that provides free public elementary and secondary education in the United States. The data file for F-33 2006-07 contains 16,394 records representing the public elementary and secondary education agencies in the 50 United States and the District of Columbia. Key statistics produced from F-33 2006-07 are expenditures by object and function, indebtedness, and revenues by source. The F-33 is collaboration by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and the Census Bureau. Census is the primary collection agent. Census refers to the collection as the Annual Survey of Local Government Finances: School Systems and releases its own version of the data file and publication based on that file. The NCES and Census files differ in their inclusion of independent charter school districts, the classification of some revenue items, and the inclusion of some expenditure items.

This table gives an overview of government expenditure on regular education in the Netherlands since 1900. All figures presented have been calculated according to the standardised definitions of the OECD.

Government expenditure on education consists of expenditure by central and local government on education institutions and education. The government finances schools, colleges and universities. It pays for research and development conducted by universities. Furthermore it provides student grants and loans, allowances for school costs, provisions for students with a disability and child care allowances to households as well as subsidies to companies and non-profit organisations.

Total government expenditure is broken down into expenditure on education institutions and education on the one hand and government expenditure on student grants and loans and allowances for school costs to households on the other. If applicable these subjects are broken down into pre-primary and primary education, special needs primary education, secondary education, senior secondary vocational and adult education, higher professional education and university education. Data are available from 1900. Figures for the Second World War period are based on estimations due to a lack of source material.

The table also includes the indicator government expenditure on education as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). This indicator is used to compare government expenditure on education internationally. The indicator is compounded on the basis of definitions of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development). The indicator is also presented in the StatLine table Education; Education expenditure and CBS /OECD indicators. Figures for the First World War and Second World War period are not available for this indicator due to a lack of reliable data on GDP for these periods.

The statistic on Education spending is compiled on a cash basis. This means that the education expenditure and revenues are allocated to the year in which they are paid out or received. However, the activity or transaction associated with the payment or receipt can take place in a different year.

Statistics Netherlands published the revised National Accounts in June 2024. Among other things, GDP has been adjusted upwards as a result of the revision. The revision has not been extended to the years before 1995. In the indicator 'Total government expenditure as % of GDP', a break occurs between 1994 and 1995 as a result of the revision.

Data available from: 1900

Status of the figures: The figures from 1995 to 2022 are final. The 2023 figures are provisional.

Changes on 31 December 2024: The final figures of 2021 and 2022 and the provisional figures of 2023 have been added. As a result of the revision of the National Accounts, among other things, GDP has been adjusted upwards. The indicator ‘Total government expenditure as % of GDP’ in this table has been updated on the basis of the revised figures for the entire time series since 1995. A break occurs in the indicator between 1994 and 1995.

When will new figures be published? The final figures for 2023 and the provisional figures for 2024 will be published in December 2025. More information on the revision policy of National Accounts can be found under 'relevant articles' under paragraph 3.

The School Districts dataset defines the official administrative boundaries for elementary, secondary, and unified school districts within Navajo County, Arizona, as designated by the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). These districts serve as single-purpose educational jurisdictions, where local officials provide public education services to residents. This dataset supports education planning, demographic analysis, and federal funding allocation, including Title I funding estimates for schools based on child poverty statistics. Used by government agencies, school administrators, policymakers, GIS professionals, and researchers, this dataset facilitates district mapping, resource distribution, and education system analysis, ensuring accurate spatial representation of school district boundaries.

An average of 15,362 U.S. dollars were spent on each pupil in public elementary and secondary schools in the United States in the academic year of 2021. This is an increase from 1980, when 2,272 U.S. dollars were spent per pupil.

During the academic year of 2021, around 18,614 constant 2022-23 U.S. dollars were spent on each pupil in public elementary and secondary schools in the United States. This is an increase from 1990, when 12,206 constant 2022-23 U.S. dollars were spent per pupil.

While current revenue figures have seen continued growth for the five years through 2024-25, inflation has meant that it has materially declined over the same period. Currently, revenue for the Government Schools industry sits at an estimated $70.5 billion, reflecting an annualised contraction of 1.2% since 2019-20 and a 2.5% drop compared to 2023-24 figures. As the Australian population aged between 5 and 18 grows, demand for public schools continues to swell. Government schools are mainly funded by state and federal governments, with education being a critical part of their budgets. Secondary to this, schools also receive funding from donations and fundraising. However, the cost-of-living crisis has threatened this additional revenue stream. Many parents perceive private schools as of a higher quality than government schools, partly because of marketing efforts to boost their reputation. This competition has meant that public schools have faced staff shortages as teachers move to private schools to receive the higher salaries offered. Private schools can offer these wages as, unlike public education providers, they receive sizable fees from parents. In contrast, public schools operate not-for-profit, limiting their ability to pay staff higher salaries. Looking to the future, government schools will continue to derive growing revenue from government funding. The 2024-25 Victorian budget contains $753.0 million for school maintenance and upgrades, and $139.0 million for getting more teachers into schools as the state attempts to fight staff shortages. The NSW 2024-25 budget includes $8.9 billion to continue the development of school infrastructure in both regional New South Wales and the rapidly growing Western Sydney. Overall, government schools' revenue is expected to climb at an annualised 1.5% through the end of 2029-30, to total $75.9 billion.