In 2023, the gross domestic product of Scotland was approximately 187.2 billion British pounds, compared with 188.2 billion pounds in 2022.

United Kingdom GDP: sa: Scotland (SC) data was reported at 103.526 2016=100 in Mar 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 102.953 2016=100 for Dec 2018. United Kingdom GDP: sa: Scotland (SC) data is updated quarterly, averaging 93.911 2016=100 from Mar 1998 (Median) to Mar 2019, with 85 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 103.526 2016=100 in Mar 2019 and a record low of 77.496 2016=100 in Dec 1998. United Kingdom GDP: sa: Scotland (SC) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Scottish Government. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted.

The gross domestic product per capita in Scotland was 34,105 British pounds in 2023, compared with 34,560 pounds in 2022.

United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Retail & Wholesale data was reported at 104.256 2016=100 in Mar 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 103.975 2016=100 for Dec 2018. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Retail & Wholesale data is updated quarterly, averaging 92.449 2016=100 from Mar 1998 (Median) to Mar 2019, with 85 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 104.256 2016=100 in Mar 2019 and a record low of 71.790 2016=100 in Mar 1998. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Retail & Wholesale data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Scottish Government. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted.

United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Public Administration & Defence data was reported at 100.676 2016=100 in Mar 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 100.474 2016=100 for Dec 2018. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Public Administration & Defence data is updated quarterly, averaging 103.553 2016=100 from Mar 1998 (Median) to Mar 2019, with 85 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 114.110 2016=100 in Sep 2006 and a record low of 98.662 2016=100 in Jun 1998. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Public Administration & Defence data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Scottish Government. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted.

United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Production: Manufacturing data was reported at 103.100 2016=100 in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 104.000 2016=100 for Mar 2018. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Production: Manufacturing data is updated quarterly, averaging 101.450 2016=100 from Mar 1998 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 82 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 105.800 2016=100 in Dec 2000 and a record low of 92.300 2016=100 in Sep 2009. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Production: Manufacturing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Scottish Government. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted.

In recent years, the British polling industry has encountered difficulties in its attempts to measure voting intentions in important popular consultations, notably the 2014 referendum on Scottish independence, the 2015 UK general election, and the 2016 EU membership referendum. In such a context, it is extremely valuable to explore how different forecasting models that rely on political and economic variables can be used to predict the outcome of elections. In this paper, we propose such a model by introducing a political economy equation to estimate the vote share obtained by the incumbent party in UK general elections three months before the vote as well as a set of seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) to forecast the results of the Official Opposition, the Liberal Democrats, and the remaining parties.

In September 2024, the national debt of the United States had risen up to 35.46 trillion U.S. dollars. The national debt per capita had risen to 85,552 U.S. dollars in 2021. As represented by the statistic above, the public debt of the United States has been continuously rising. U.S. public debt Public debt, also known as national and governmental debt, is the debt owed by a nations’ central government. In the case of the U.S., national debt is owed by the federal government to Treasury security holders. Generally speaking, government debt increases with government spending, and can be decreased through taxes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. government increased spending significantly to finance virus infrastructure, aid, and various forms of economic relief. International public debt Venezuela leads the global ranking of the 20 countries with the highest public debt in 2021. In relation to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Venezuela's public debt amounted to around 306.95 percent of GDP. Eritrea was ranked fifth, with an estimated debt of 170 percent of the Gross Domestic Product. The national debt of the United Kingdom is forecasted to grow from 87 percent in 2022 to 70 percent in 2027, in relation to the Gross Domestic Product. These figures include England, Wales, Scotland as well as Northern Ireland. Greece had the highest national debt among EU countries as of the 4th quarter of 2020 in relation to the Gross Domestic Product. Germany ranked 13th in the EU, with its national debt amounting to 69 percent of GDP in the same time period. Tuvalu was one of the 20 countries with the lowest national debt in 2021 in relation to the GDP, while Macao had an estimated level of national debt of zero percent, the lowest of any country. The data refer to the debts of the entire state, including the central government, the provinces, municipalities, local authorities and social insurance.

This statistic displays the average annual domestic Economy 7 electricity bills in Scotland by standard credit payment from 2007 to 2019*, in British Pounds. Between 2007 and 2019 the average annual electricity bills in Scotland have mostly been increasing, with only a drop in prices occurring in 2010, 2015 and 2016. However, in 2019 the average bill peaked at *** pounds.

United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Health & Social Work data was reported at 100.014 2016=100 in Mar 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 99.910 2016=100 for Dec 2018. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Health & Social Work data is updated quarterly, averaging 93.474 2016=100 from Mar 1998 (Median) to Mar 2019, with 85 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.438 2016=100 in Jun 2015 and a record low of 73.229 2016=100 in Sep 1998. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Health & Social Work data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Scottish Government. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted.

United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Accommodation & Food Services data was reported at 102.820 2016=100 in Mar 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 104.699 2016=100 for Dec 2018. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Accommodation & Food Services data is updated quarterly, averaging 97.867 2016=100 from Mar 1998 (Median) to Mar 2019, with 85 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 108.199 2016=100 in Sep 2005 and a record low of 87.287 2016=100 in Jun 2000. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Accommodation & Food Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Scottish Government. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted.

United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Distribution, Hotels & Catering data was reported at 103.600 2016=100 in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 102.500 2016=100 for Mar 2018. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Distribution, Hotels & Catering data is updated quarterly, averaging 83.750 2016=100 from Mar 1998 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 82 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 103.600 2016=100 in Jun 2018 and a record low of 70.100 2016=100 in Mar 1998. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Distribution, Hotels & Catering data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Scottish Government. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted.

United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Financial & Insurance Services data was reported at 106.001 2016=100 in Mar 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 104.134 2016=100 for Dec 2018. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Financial & Insurance Services data is updated quarterly, averaging 95.115 2016=100 from Mar 1998 (Median) to Mar 2019, with 85 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 106.446 2016=100 in Jun 2009 and a record low of 62.414 2016=100 in Dec 1998. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: Financial & Insurance Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Scottish Government. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted.

United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Production: Electricity & Gas Supply data was reported at 98.100 2016=100 in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 100.900 2016=100 for Mar 2018. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Production: Electricity & Gas Supply data is updated quarterly, averaging 102.950 2016=100 from Mar 1998 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 82 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 114.000 2016=100 in Dec 2010 and a record low of 88.100 2016=100 in Mar 1998. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Production: Electricity & Gas Supply data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Scottish Government. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted.

United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Production: Water Supply & Waste Mgt data was reported at 106.800 2016=100 in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 104.700 2016=100 for Mar 2018. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Production: Water Supply & Waste Mgt data is updated quarterly, averaging 85.000 2016=100 from Mar 1998 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 82 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 106.800 2016=100 in Jun 2018 and a record low of 69.500 2016=100 in Mar 1999. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Production: Water Supply & Waste Mgt data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Scottish Government. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted.

United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: PD: Mfg: Refined Petroleum, Chemical & Pharm Pdts data was reported at 108.634 2016=100 in Mar 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 100.102 2016=100 for Dec 2018. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: PD: Mfg: Refined Petroleum, Chemical & Pharm Pdts data is updated quarterly, averaging 82.814 2016=100 from Mar 1998 (Median) to Mar 2019, with 85 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 108.634 2016=100 in Mar 2019 and a record low of 63.117 2016=100 in Dec 1998. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: PD: Mfg: Refined Petroleum, Chemical & Pharm Pdts data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Scottish Government. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted.

GDP: sa: SC: Services: Government & Other Services在2018-06达100.700 2016=100，相较于2018-03的100.300 2016=100有所增长。GDP: sa: SC: Services: Government & Other Services数据按季度更新，1998-03至2018-06期间平均值为93.600 2016=100，共82份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于2018-06，达100.700 2016=100，而历史最低值则出现于1998-03，为76.500 2016=100。CEIC提供的GDP: sa: SC: Services: Government & Other Services数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于The Scottish Government，数据归类于Global Database的UK – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted。

GDP: sa: SC: Production在2018-06达102.500 2016=100，相较于2018-03的103.400 2016=100有所下降。GDP: sa: SC: Production数据按季度更新，1998-03至2018-06期间平均值为107.900 2016=100，共82份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于2000-12，达112.600 2016=100，而历史最低值则出现于2012-12，为95.200 2016=100。CEIC提供的GDP: sa: SC: Production数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于The Scottish Government，数据归类于Global Database的UK – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted。

GDP: sa: SC: Services: Financial & Insurance Services在2019-03达106.001 2016=100，相较于2018-12的104.134 2016=100有所增长。GDP: sa: SC: Services: Financial & Insurance Services数据按季度更新，1998-03至2019-03期间平均值为95.115 2016=100，共85份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于2009-06，达106.446 2016=100，而历史最低值则出现于1998-12，为62.414 2016=100。CEIC提供的GDP: sa: SC: Services: Financial & Insurance Services数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于The Scottish Government，数据归类于Global Database的英国 – Table UK.A027: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2016=100: Seasonally Adjusted。

United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: BF: Professional, Scientific, Admin & Support data was reported at 112.184 2013=100 in Mar 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 111.402 2013=100 for Dec 2016. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: BF: Professional, Scientific, Admin & Support data is updated quarterly, averaging 91.282 2013=100 from Mar 1998 (Median) to Mar 2017, with 77 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 112.295 2013=100 in Sep 2016 and a record low of 55.600 2013=100 in Mar 1999. United Kingdom GDP: sa: SC: Services: BF: Professional, Scientific, Admin & Support data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Scottish Government. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.A030: ESA 2010: GDP: Scotland: Chained Volume Measures: 2013=100: Seasonally Adjusted. Rebased from 2013=100 to 2014=100 Replacement series ID: 389519137