In 2021/23, life expectancy at birth in Scotland was 80.8 years for women and 76.78 years for men. For people aged 65 in Scotland life expectancy was 19.7 years for women and 17.52 years for men.

Period life expectancy by age and sex for Scotland. Each national life table is based on population estimates, births and deaths for a period of three consecutive years. Tables are published annually.

National Records of Scotland Guidance;What is ‘period’ life expectancyAll of the estimates presented in this report are ‘period’ life expectancy. They are calculated assuming that mortality rates for each age group in the time period (here 2021-2023) are constant throughout a person’s life. Period life expectancy is often described as how long a baby born now could expect to live if they experienced today’s mortality rates throughout their lifetime. It is very unlikely that this would be the case as it means that future changes in things such as medicine and legislation are not taken into consideration.Period life expectancy is not an accurate prediction of how long a person born today will actually live, but it is a useful measure of population health at a point in time and is most useful for comparing trends over time, between areas of a country and with other countries.How national life expectancy is calculatedThe latest life expectancy figures are calculated from the mid-year population estimates for Scotland and the number of deaths registered in Scotland during 2021, 2022, and 2023. Life expectancy for Scotland is calculated for each year of age and represents the average number of years that someone of that age could expect to live if death rates for each age group remained constant over their lifetime. Life expectancy in Scotland is calculated as a three-year average, produced by combining deaths and population data for the three-year period. Three years of data are needed to provide large enough numbers to make these figures accurate and lessen the effect of very ‘good’ or ‘bad’ years. Throughout this publication, the latest life expectancy figures refer to 2021-2023 period. How sub-national life expectancy is calculatedWe calculate life expectancy for areas within Scotland using a very similar method to the national figures but with a few key differences. Firstly, we use age groups rather than single year of age. This is to increase the population size of each age group to reduce fluctuations and ensure accurate calculation of mortality rates. Secondly, we use a maximum age group of 90+ whereas the national figures are calculated up to age 100. These are known as ‘abridged life tables.’ Because these methods produce slightly different figures, we also calculate a Scotland figure using the abridged method to allow for accurate comparisons between local areas for example. This Scotland figure is only for comparison and does not replace the headline national figure. You can read more information about the methods in this publication in our methodology guide on the NRS website. Uses of life expectancyLife expectancy at birth is a very useful indicator of mortality conditions across a population at a particular point in time. It also provides an objective means of comparing trends in mortality over time, between areas of a country and with other countries. This is used to monitor and investigate health inequalities and to set public health targets. Life expectancy is also used to inform pensions policy, research and teaching.

Male life expectancy at birth rose in all four countries of the United Kingdom in 2021-23 when compared with 2020/22. English men had a life expectancy of 79.07, compared with 76.78 in Scotland, 78.05 in Wales and 78.75 in Northern Ireland.

Life expectancy for Administrative Areas and Life Expectancy for Special Areas (Urban/Rural, Deprivation and Community Health Partnership) in Scotland

Source agency: National Records of Scotland

Designation: National Statistics

Language: English

Alternative title: Life Expectancy Scotland

Life expectancy for Administrative Areas and Life Expectancy for Special Areas (Urban/Rural, Deprivation and Community Health Partnership) in Scotland Source agency: National Records of Scotland Designation: National Statistics Language: English Alternative title: Life Expectancy Scotland

Life expectancy for administrative areas within Scotland.

Source agency: National Records of Scotland

Designation: National Statistics

Language: English

Alternative title: Life Expectancy in Administrative Areas of Scotland

High life expectancy variant projection for Scotland including population by broad age group, components of change and summary statistics.

national records of scotland life expectancy at birth by local authority - open data : This dataset shows, by Scottish Local Authority, life expectancy at birth for those born between 2021 and 2023.

Life expectancy for administrative areas within Scotland. Source agency: National Records of Scotland Designation: National Statistics Language: English Alternative title: Life Expectancy in Scotland

NRS publishes life expectancy estimates on an annual basis. The most recent data, released in September 2021, are sourced from the Life Expectancy in Scotland, 2018-2020 page on the NRS website.

Life expectancy figures for urban and rural areas. Source agency: National Records of Scotland Designation: National Statistics Language: English Alternative title: Life Expectancy in Special Areas in Scotland

Objective Gains in life expectancy have faltered in several high-income countries in recent years. We aim to compare life expectancy trends in Scotland to those seen internationally, and to assess the timing of any recent changes in mortality trends for Scotland. Setting Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England & Wales, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, Scotland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USA. Methods We used life expectancy data from the Human Mortality Database (HMD) to calculate the mean annual life expectancy change for 24 high-income countries over five-year periods from 1992 to 2016, and the change for Scotland for five-year periods from 1857 to 2016. One- and two-break segmented regression models were applied to mortality data from National Records of Scotland (NRS) to identify turning points in age-standardised mortality trends between 1990 and 2018. Results In 2012-2016 life expectancies in Scotland increased by 2.5 weeks/year for females and 4.5 weeks/year for males, the smallest gains of any period since the early 1970s. The improvements in life expectancy in 2012-2016 were smallest among females (<2.0 weeks/year) in Northern Ireland, Iceland, England & Wales and the USA and among males (<5.0 weeks/year) in Iceland, USA, England & Wales and Scotland. Japan, Korea, and countries of Eastern Europe have seen substantial gains in the same period. The best estimate of when mortality rates changed to a slower rate of improvement in Scotland was the year to 2012 Q4 for males and the year to 2014 Q2 for females. Conclusion Life expectancy improvement has stalled across many, but not all, high income countries. The recent change in the mortality trend in Scotland occurred within the period 2012-2014. Further research is required to understand these trends, but governments must also take timely action on plausible contributors. Methods Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: The HMD has a detailed methods protocol available here: https://www.mortality.org/Public/Docs/MethodsProtocol.pdf The ONS and NRS also have similar methods for ensuring data consistency and quality assurance.

Methods for processing the data: The segmented regression was conducted using the 'segmented' package in R. The recommended references to this package and its approach are here: Vito M. R. Muggeo (2003). Estimating regression models with unknown break-points. Statistics in Medicine, 22, 3055-3071.

Vito M. R. Muggeo (2008). segmented: an R Package to Fit Regression Models with Broken-Line Relationships. R News, 8/1, 20-25. URL https://cran.r-project.org/doc/Rnews/.

Vito M. R. Muggeo (2016). Testing with a nuisance parameter present only under the alternative: a score-based approach with application to segmented modelling. J of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 86, 3059-3067.

Vito M. R. Muggeo (2017). Interval estimation for the breakpoint in segmented regression: a smoothed score-based approach. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 59, 311-322.

Software- or Instrument-specific information needed to interpret the data, including software and hardware version numbers: The analyses were conducted in R version 3.6.1 and Microsoft Excel 2013.

Please see README.txt for further information

Female life expectancy at birth rose in all four countries of the United Kingdom in 2022-24 when compared with 2021-23. English women had a life expectancy of 83.3, compared with 81.06 in Scotland, 82.17 in Wales, and 82.61 in Northern Ireland.

Period and Cohort Mortality rates (qx) for Scotland using the low life expectancy variant by single year of age 0 to 100.

This publication updates and expands upon the first estimates of HLE for Scotland produced by ISD and others. Source agency: ISD Scotland (part of NHS National Services Scotland) Designation: Official Statistics not designated as National Statistics Language: English Alternative title: Life Expectancy

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