We analysed the Understanding Society Data from Waves 1 and 2 in our project to explore the uses of paradata in cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys with the aim of gaining knowledge that leads to improvement in field process management and responsive survey designs. The project’s key objective was to explore the uses of paradata for cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys with the aim of gaining knowledge that leads to improvement in field process management and responsive survey designs. The research was organised into three sub-projects which: 1. investigate the use of call record data and interviewer observations to study nonresponse in longitudinal surveys; 2. provide insights into the effects of interviewing strategies and other interviewer attributes on response in longitudinal surveys, and 3. gain knowledge about the measurement error properties of paradata, in particular interviewer observations. Analysis techniques included multilevel, discrete-time event history and longitudinal data analysis methods. Dissemination included a short course and an international workshop on paradata.

This dataset consists of three data folders including all related documents of the online survey conducted within the NESP 3.2.3 project (Tropical Water Quality Hub) and a survey format document representing how the survey was designed. Apart from participants’ demographic information, the survey consists of three sections: conjoint analysis, picture rating and open question. Correspondent outcome of these three sections are downloaded from Qualtrics website and used for three different data analysis processes.

Related data to the first section “conjoint analysis” is saved in the Conjoint analysis folder which contains two sub-folders. The first one includes a plan file of SAV. Format representing the design suggestion by SPSS orthogonal analysis for testing beauty factors and 9 photoshoped pictures used in the survey. The second (i.e. Final results) contains 1 SAV. file named “data1” which is the imported results of conjoint analysis section in SPSS, 1 SPS. file named “Syntax1” representing the code used to run conjoint analysis, 2 SAV. files as the output of conjoint analysis by SPSS, and 1 SPV file named “Final output” showing results of further data analysis by SPSS on the basis of utility and importance data.

Related data to the second section “Picture rating” is saved into Picture rating folder including two subfolders. One subfolder contains 2500 pictures of Great Barrier Reef used in the rating survey section. These pictures are organised by named and stored in two folders named as “Survey Part 1” and “Survey Part 2” which are correspondent with two parts of the rating survey sections. The other subfolder “Rating results” consist of one XLSX. file representing survey results downloaded from Qualtric website.

Finally, related data to the open question is saved in “Open question” folder. It contains one csv. file and one PDF. file recording participants’ answers to the open question as well as one PNG. file representing a screenshot of Leximancer analysis outcome.

Methods: This dataset resulted from the input and output of an online survey regarding how people assess the beauty of Great Barrier Reef. This survey was designed for multiple purposes including three main sections: (1) conjoint analysis (ranking 9 photoshopped pictures to determine the relative importance weights of beauty attributes), (2) picture rating (2500 pictures to be rated) and (3) open question on the factors that makes a picture of the Great Barrier Reef beautiful in participants’ opinion (determining beauty factors from tourist perspective). Pictures used in this survey were downloaded from public sources such as websites of the Tourism and Events Queensland and Tropical Tourism North Queensland as well as tourist sharing sources (i.e. Flickr). Flickr pictures were downloaded using the key words “Great Barrier Reef”. About 10,000 pictures were downloaded in August and September 2017. 2,500 pictures were then selected based on several research criteria: (1) underwater pictures of GBR, (2) without humans, (3) viewed from 1-2 metres from objects and (4) of high resolution.

The survey was created on Qualtrics website and launched on 4th October 2017 using Qualtrics survey service. Each participant rated 50 pictures randomly selected from the pool of 2500 survey pictures. 772 survey completions were recorded and 705 questionnaires were eligible for data analysis after filtering unqualified questionnaires. Conjoint analysis data was imported to IBM SPSS using SAV. format and the output was saved using SPV. format. Automatic aesthetic rating of 2500 Great Barrier Reef pictures –all these pictures are rated (1 – 10 scale) by at least 10 participants and this dataset was saved in a XLSX. file which is used to train and test an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based system recognising and assessing the beauty of natural scenes. Answers of the open-question were saved in a XLSX. file and a PDF. file to be employed for theme analysis by Leximancer software.

Further information can be found in the following publication: Becken, S., Connolly R., Stantic B., Scott N., Mandal R., Le D., (2018), Monitoring aesthetic value of the Great Barrier Reef by using innovative technologies and artificial intelligence, Griffith Institute for Tourism Research Report No 15.

Format: The Online survey dataset includes one PDF file representing the survey format with all sections and questions. It also contains three subfolders, each has multiple files. The subfolder of Conjoint analysis contains an image of the 9 JPG. Pictures, 1 SAV. format file for the Orthoplan subroutine outcome and 5 outcome documents (i.e. 3 SAV. files, 1 SPS. file, 1 SPV. file). The subfolder of Picture rating contains a capture of the 2500 pictures used in the survey, 1 excel file for rating results. The subfolder of Open question includes 1 CSV. file, 1 PDF. file representing participants’ answers and one PNG. file for the analysis outcome.

Data Dictionary:

Card 1: Picture design option number 1 suggested by SPSS orthogonal analysis. Importance value: The relative importance weight of each beauty attribute calculated by SPSS conjoint analysis. Utility: Score reflecting influential valence and degree of each beauty attribute on beauty score. Syntax: Code used to run conjoint analysis by SPSS Leximancer: Specialised software for qualitative data analysis. Concept map: A map showing the relationship between concepts identified Q1_1: Beauty score of the picture Q1_1 by the correspondent participant (i.e. survey part 1) Q2.1_1: Beauty score of the picture Q2.1_1 by the correspondent participant (i.e. survey part 2) Conjoint _1: Ranking of the picture 1 designed for conjoint analysis by the correspondent participant

References: Becken, S., Connolly R., Stantic B., Scott N., Mandal R., Le D., (2018), Monitoring aesthetic value of the Great Barrier Reef by using innovative technologies and artificial intelligence, Griffith Institute for Tourism Research Report No 15.

Data Location:

This dataset is filed in the eAtlas enduring data repository at: data esp3\3.2.3_Aesthetic-value-GBR

These interview data are part of the project "Looking for data: information seeking behaviour of survey data users", a study of secondary data users’ information-seeking behaviour. The overall goal of this study was to create evidence of actual information practices of users of one particular retrieval system for social science data in order to inform the development of research data infrastructures that facilitate data sharing. In the project, data were collected based on a mixed methods design. The research design included a qualitative study in the form of expert interviews and – building on the results found therein – a quantitative web survey of secondary survey data users. For the qualitative study, expert interviews with six reference persons of a large social science data archive have been conducted. They were interviewed in their role as intermediaries who provide guidance for secondary users of survey data. The knowledge from their reference work was expected to provide a condensed view of goals, practices, and problems of people who are looking for survey data. The anonymized transcripts of these interviews are provided here. They can be reviewed or reused upon request. The survey dataset from the quantitative study of secondary survey data users is downloadable through this data archive after registration. The core result of the Looking for data study is that community involvement plays a pivotal role in survey data seeking. The analyses show that survey data communities are an important determinant in survey data users' information seeking behaviour and that community involvement facilitates data seeking and has the capacity of reducing problems or barriers. The qualitative part of the study was designed and conducted using constructivist grounded theory methodology as introduced by Kathy Charmaz (2014). In line with grounded theory methodology, the interviews did not follow a fixed set of questions, but were conducted based on a guide that included areas of exploration with tentative questions. This interview guide can be obtained together with the transcript. For the Looking for data project, the data were coded and scrutinized by constant comparison, as proposed by grounded theory methodology. This analysis resulted in core categories that make up the "theory of problem-solving by community involvement". This theory was exemplified in the quantitative part of the study. For this exemplification, the following hypotheses were drawn from the qualitative study: (1) The data seeking hypotheses: (1a) When looking for data, information seeking through personal contact is used more often than impersonal ways of information seeking. (1b) Ways of information seeking (personal or impersonal) differ with experience. (2) The experience hypotheses: (2a) Experience is positively correlated with having ambitious goals. (2b) Experience is positively correlated with having more advanced requirements for data. (2c) Experience is positively correlated with having more specific problems with data. (3) The community involvement hypothesis: Experience is positively correlated with community involvement. (4) The problem solving hypothesis: Community involvement is positively correlated with problem solving strategies that require personal interactions.

BackgroundAn understanding of the resources which engineering students use to write their academic papers provides information about student behaviour as well as the effectiveness of information literacy programs designed for engineering students. One of the most informative sources of information which can be used to determine the nature of the material that students use is the bibliography at the end of the students’ papers. While reference list analysis has been utilised in other disciplines, few studies have focussed on engineering students or used the results to improve the effectiveness of information literacy programs. Gadd, Baldwin and Norris (2010) found that civil engineering students undertaking a finalyear research project cited journal articles more than other types of material, followed by books and reports, with web sites ranked fourth. Several studies, however, have shown that in their first year at least, most students prefer to use Internet search engines (Ellis & Salisbury, 2004; Wilkes & Gurney, 2009).PURPOSEThe aim of this study was to find out exactly what resources undergraduate students studying civil engineering at La Trobe University were using, and in particular, the extent to which students were utilising the scholarly resources paid for by the library. A secondary purpose of the research was to ascertain whether information literacy sessions delivered to those students had any influence on the resources used, and to investigate ways in which the information literacy component of the unit can be improved to encourage students to make better use of the resources purchased by the Library to support their research.DESIGN/METHODThe study examined student bibliographies for three civil engineering group projects at the Bendigo Campus of La Trobe University over a two-year period, including two first-year units (CIV1EP – Engineering Practice) and one-second year unit (CIV2GR – Engineering Group Research). All units included a mandatory library session at the start of the project where student groups were required to meet with the relevant faculty librarian for guidance. In each case, the Faculty Librarian highlighted specific resources relevant to the topic, including books, e-books, video recordings, websites and internet documents. The students were also shown tips for searching the Library catalogue, Google Scholar, LibSearch (the LTU Library’s research and discovery tool) and ProQuest Central. Subject-specific databases for civil engineering and science were also referred to. After the final reports for each project had been submitted and assessed, the Faculty Librarian contacted the lecturer responsible for the unit, requesting copies of the student bibliographies for each group. References for each bibliography were then entered into EndNote. The Faculty Librarian grouped them according to various facets, including the name of the unit and the group within the unit; the material type of the item being referenced; and whether the item required a Library subscription to access it. A total of 58 references were collated for the 2010 CIV1EP unit; 237 references for the 2010 CIV2GR unit; and 225 references for the 2011 CIV1EP unit.INTERIM FINDINGSThe initial findings showed that student bibliographies for the three group projects were primarily made up of freely available internet resources which required no library subscription. For the 2010 CIV1EP unit, all 58 resources used were freely available on the Internet. For the 2011 CIV1EP unit, 28 of the 225 resources used (12.44%) required a Library subscription or purchase for access, while the second-year students (CIV2GR) used a greater variety of resources, with 71 of the 237 resources used (29.96%) requiring a Library subscription or purchase for access. The results suggest that the library sessions had little or no influence on the 2010 CIV1EP group, but the sessions may have assisted students in the 2011 CIV1EP and 2010 CIV2GR groups to find books, journal articles and conference papers, which were all represented in their bibliographiesFURTHER RESEARCHThe next step in the research is to investigate ways to increase the representation of scholarly references (found by resources other than Google) in student bibliographies. It is anticipated that such a change would lead to an overall improvement in the quality of the student papers. One way of achieving this would be to make it mandatory for students to include a specified number of journal articles, conference papers, or scholarly books in their bibliographies. It is also anticipated that embedding La Trobe University’s Inquiry/Research Quiz (IRQ) using a constructively aligned approach will further enhance the students’ research skills and increase their ability to find suitable scholarly material which relates to their topic. This has already been done successfully (Salisbury, Yager, & Kirkman, 2012)CONCLUSIONS & CHALLENGESThe study shows that most students rely heavily on the free Internet for information. Students don’t naturally use Library databases or scholarly resources such as Google Scholar to find information, without encouragement from their teachers, tutors and/or librarians. It is acknowledged that the use of scholarly resources doesn’t automatically lead to a high quality paper. Resources must be used appropriately and students also need to have the skills to identify and synthesise key findings in the existing literature and relate these to their own paper. Ideally, students should be able to see the benefit of using scholarly resources in their papers, and continue to seek these out even when it’s not a specific assessment requirement, though it can’t be assumed that this will be the outcome.REFERENCESEllis, J., & Salisbury, F. (2004). Information literacy milestones: building upon the prior knowledge of first-year students. Australian Library Journal, 53(4), 383-396.Gadd, E., Baldwin, A., & Norris, M. (2010). The citation behaviour of civil engineering students. Journal of Information Literacy, 4(2), 37-49.Salisbury, F., Yager, Z., & Kirkman, L. (2012). Embedding Inquiry/Research: Moving from a minimalist model to constructive alignment. Paper presented at the 15th International First Year in Higher Education Conference, Brisbane. Retrieved from http://www.fyhe.com.au/past_papers/papers12/Papers/11A.pdfWilkes, J., & Gurney, L. J. (2009). Perceptions and applications of information literacy by first year applied science students. Australian Academic & Research Libraries, 40(3), 159-171.

Abstract

As significant progress continues to be made by the Rwandan economy following various recovery and growth strategies, certain elements remain crucial. The food and nutrition security of the population remains a key building block in not only consolidating the gains already made thus far but also further accelerating the rate of growth towards the realization of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Thus, the 2009 Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis and Nutrition survey (CFSVANS) was undertaken with the objective of analyzing trends over time in comparison with the 2006 CFSVA and the 2005 RDHS, as well as, with other more recent secondary data, measuring the extent and depth of food and nutrition insecurity and vulnerability, and identifying the underlying causes.

The five key questions to a CFSVANS are: who are the people currently facing food insecurity and malnutrition; how many are they; where do they live; why are they food insecure and/or malnourished and; how can food assistance and interventions make a difference in reducing poverty, hunger and supporting livelihoods? In order to provide answers to these questions, specifically, the assessment sought to:

-Identify geographic and socio-economic groups that are food insecure or vulnerable to food insecurity;
-highlight the nature and causes of food insecurity among each group; -Identify the major risks and constraints to improving food security; -Evaluate assistance needs at the short, medium and long range; - Support the development of an appropriate targeting system; - Better define the role of GoR's development partners including WFP in promoting food security strengthening programs;
- Determine the prevalence of nutritional status of vulnerable groups (children aged 6 - 59 months and non-pregnant women of reproductive age (15-49 years old);
-Determine the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding as a key Infant and Young Child Feeding strategy; -Establish the linkage between household food security and nutritional status of children in Rwanda.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

Rural household members

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Rwanda is administratively divided into four provinces (Northern Province, Southern Province, Eastern Province and Western Province) plus Kigali City and a total of 30 districts. Districts are further divided in sectors and cells. The 2009 Comprehensive Food Security Vulnerability Analysis and Nutrition Survey (CFSVANS) was designed to provide statistically representative information at the sub-provincial level. To facilitate comparison with existing studies, it was decided to define strata using administrative limits rather than food economy zones (as in 2006). Because of the large number of districts, it was decided to define strata that would be either single districts or a group of districts. Districts that were identified as similar with regards to their socio-economic and agroenvironmental characteristics were grouped together. A total of 16 strata were defined including 8 districts and 8 groups of districts. Kigali City was not included in the sample. Selected strata include Nyagatare-Gatsibo-Kayonza, Kirehe-Ngoma-Rwamagana, and Bugesera (Eastern Province), Musanze-Burera, Gakenke, and Rulindo-Gicumbi (Northern Province), Rubavu, Nyabihu, Ngororero, Rutsiro-Karongi, and Nyamasheke-Rusizi (Western Province), and, Kamonyi-Muhanga-Ruhango, Nyanza, Huye, Gisagara, and Nyamagabe-Nyaruguru (Southern Province).

Within each stratum, NISR implemented a two-stage sampling procedure to select households using an approach that is standardized for statistical studies in Rwanda. Zones de Dénombrement (ZD, enumeration areas) were selected first, followed by households using 2007 population estimates based on the 2002 census. The ZDs are a sampling unit that is smaller than a sector. A total of 450 ZD were selected. In each stratum, the probability of the ZDs to be selected was equal to the number of ZDs in the stratum divided by the number of ZDs. In each stratum, ZDs were randomly selected. Within each sampled ZD, a total of 12 households were interviewed, resulting in a total expected sample size of 5,400 households.

All of the households were interviewed. Enumerators were provided with clear instructions on which households to interview, and how to find them. Supervisors were provided with a list of over-sampled households in the event that a household had to be replaced.

Because this study also focuses on the relation between nutrition and food security, it was decided during the study design that only households with children aged below 5 years old would be included in the sample. This imposed some limitations in the ability to draw conclusions about all the households in Rwanda; as explained in the limitations section.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Research instrument

Household survey To allow for comparison over time, the 2009 CFSVA and Nutrition Survey used a standard questionnaire similar to the one used for the 2006 CFSVA. In 2006, face validity of the questionnaire was examined by local and food security experts and the questionnaire was piloted among a random sample of people not included in the study. It was a structured questionnaire using mainly close-ended questions with response options provided to the enumerators. For several questions, respondents were allowed to provide more than one response.The survey instrument sought to collect quantitative data on 13 components: (1) demographics; (2) housing and facilities; (3) household and productive assets; (4) inputs to livelihoods; (5) migration and remittances; (6) sources of credit; (7) agricultural production; (8) expenditure; (9) food sources and consumption; (10) shocks and food security; (11) programme participation; (12) maternal health and nutrition; and (13) child health and nutrition.

Community questionnaire In addition to the household survey, a community questionnaire was administered to a key informant, who was an official representative of the area, including the Executive Secretary of the Cell, or any individual responsible for administrative services at Cell level. The community questionnaire was developed using an approach similar to that of the household questionnaire. Questions were open-ended and the questionnaires covered four main aspects; migration and seasonal movement of population, health, external assistance (food aid), and market prices.

The questionnaires were developed in English and administered in Kinyarwanda. Careful training was conducted to reduce individual variations on how enumerators interpreted the questionnaire and understood the questions.

Cleaning operations

Data entry was conducted by NISR using CSPro. The database was then exported to SPSS for analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted by WFP in Rwanda and Rome, with the support of NISR. SPSS and ADDAWIN were used to conduct PCA and cluster analysis.5 Z-scores for wasting, stunting and underweight were calculated using WHO Anthro. All other analyses were done using SPSS.

Data appraisal

A series of data quality tables and graphs are available to review the quality of the data and include the following: -Food Items, Groups and Weights for Calculation of the FCS -Household characteristics associated with food consumption -Child nutrition by livelihood, wealth index and FCS -The people facing food insecurity and vulnerability -Sample and Demographic Characteristics by Strata (CFSVA 2009)....

Meta-analysis sample size of harmonized variables for each study.

In this project, we aimed to increase what is known about the negative effects of maternal depression and anxiety disorders (MDAD) on the mental health outcomes of children. Mental health is a topical area of research that is receiving increasing attention in the media and is one of five ESRC strategic priorities for investment. The main aim of the project was to help develop an understanding of how mental depression and anxiety disorders are transmitted from one generation to the next and ultimately help to design interventions better able to reduce the consequences of maternal mental health for children. We have used data from QResearch, a large consolidated database derived from anonymized health records from general practices in England matched with hospital administrative data, the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). Further information is available under Related Resources.

Problems relating to Maternal Depression and Anxiety Disorders (MDAD) are common and are known to affect child health and development. In the UK, the cost of perinatal mental health problems has been estimated at £8.1 billion for each birth cohort of children, and 72 percent of this cost is related to the direct impact on the children.

The overarching aim of our proposed research is to examine the effect of MDAD on child health outcomes, with a special focus on the role that MDAD plays in the development of child depression and anxiety disorders (CDAD) in adolescence. In particular, this research will provide robust empirical evidence to understand how depression and anxiety disorders are transmitted from one generation to the next and to help design interventions aimed at reducing the negative consequences of poor maternal mental health for children.

To achieve this aim, we will address the following research questions:

1) Are the negative effects of MDAD on children exclusively explained by genetic transmission and family background characteristics? Or are these negative effects also explained by changes in the child's home environment? If the transmission of mental and anxiety disorders is explained exclusively by genetic traits and family background characteristics, then interventions targeted at reducing the negative effect of MDAD on maternal behaviour, e.g. through cognitive behavioural therapy, would be ineffective. On the contrary, evidence on significant effects of MDAD after controlling for genetic and family background characteristics would suggest that MDAD can lead to changes in the child home environment, e.g. changes in maternal behaviour, harsher parenting style and lower time investments in the child, with negative consequences on children.

2) Do school policies and health practices have a role in attenuating the negative effect of maternal depression on children? We will answer this research question by focusing on whether starting school earlier harms or protects children who are exposed to MDAD, and on whether an early diagnosis of maternal depression can attenuate the negative effects suffered by children.

We will develop and use state-of-the-art estimation methods in combination with a novel administrative dataset covering general practices and hospitals created by merging two population-based health databases from England - namely QResearch and Hospital Episode Statistics. Using this merged database, we will create a longitudinal household dataset that will allow us to study the mental health of mothers and their children at different stages of the children's lives up to adolescence.

We are a multi-disciplinary team from the Universities of Oxford and York, consisting of experts in applied econometric methods, child and maternal mental health, psychology, general practice, and on the data that we plan to utilise.

We will translate our research findings into advice for policy-makers to help them design new interventions aimed at achieving better outcomes for patients suffering from maternal mental health issues and their children. Our research will also have an impact on health practitioners, psychologists, academics and charities working with mothers and children. We will produce papers aimed at academics as well as non-technical outputs to engage with policy-makers and a non-academic audience. Furthermore, by sharing and explaining our data and estimation methods to academics, we will build capacity for further research based on large health datasets.

The final central element of the project will be to build the capacity of early career researchers to undertake and lead large interdisciplinary projects.

Yearly citation counts for the publication titled "Translation method is validity evidence for construct equivalence: analysis of secondary data routinely collected during translations of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ)".

Project Overview Pain is a major public health problem in the Global South, particularly among marginalized communities, such as Somali pastoralists. Yet, the topic of chronic pain has not yet been comprehensively studied in Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically in the Somali region of Ethiopia, formally known as Somali Regional State (SRS). Therefore, this study aims to explore the perceptions and notions of chronic pain among Somali pastoralists in this context. Data and Data Collection Overview This study used an explorative qualitative design and was conducted between July 2020 and January 2021. We performed semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 20 purposively selected female and male Somali pastoralists with chronic pain. The study took place in primary, secondary and tertiary care facilities in the SRS, as well as in pastoralist communities. We selected the study sites based on considerations of regional diversity and rural/urban differences. In doing so, we intended to gain insights into heterogeneous perceptions of chronic pain. In addition, we were interested in differences in pain severity across study sites, organizational features and care. For instance, we anticipated that we might speak to patients with more severe pain conditions in the hospital setting. We selected semi-structured interviews for data collection to explore sociocultural aspects of pain perception, in addition to corresponding experiential and existential domains. The interview language was Somali. Interviews lasted from 20 to 36 minutes. Three members of the research team (listed as co-authors on this data deposit) conducted the interviews, including Eleonore Baum (data collector), Sied Abdi (data collector & translator) and Roda Arab Abdilahi (data collector & translator), who are fluent in Somali and familiar with the Somali pastoralist culture. For cultural reasons and due to experiences during preliminary work, female researchers conducted the interviews with female pastoralists. Interviews in the health centers took place in a quiet location outside the building. In secondary and tertiary care hospitals, interviews took place at the patient’s bedside. Within pastoralist communities, we interviewed the participants in front of their residences. After each interview, the research team discussed first impressions and noted them in a research diary. We audio-recorded the interviews, transcribed them word for word and removed identifying elements. A member of the research team fluent in both English and Somali translated the transcripts into English. Data Analysis To systematically analyze the data on a case by code basis, we applied the Framework Method according to Gale et al. (2013). This matrix-based analytic method facilitates rigorous and transparent data management. It allowed us to perform all stages of the analysis in a systematic manner. The Framework Method permitted us to move back and forth between different levels of abstraction without losing sight of the original data. Three researchers experienced in qualitative research were involved in the data analysis. We used MAXQDA 2022 software for data analysis support. Substantively, we explained patterns drawing on the enactive approach to pain proposed by Stilwell and Harman (2019). Shared Data Organization Data files include twenty de-identified excerpted interviews made shareable for secondary research only under controlled access. This abstracted presentation of the data is the form approved for sharing by the participants. Documentation files include the informed consent form and interview guide used in the study; an inventory of the participants; this data narrative and an administrative README file. References Gale, N. K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., & Redwood, S. (2013) “Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research.” BMC Medical Research Methodology (13): 117. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-13-117 Stilwell, P., Harman, K. (2019) “An enactive approach to pain: beyond the biopsychosocial model.” Phenomenology and Cognitive Science (18): 637–665. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-019-09624-7

The aim of this project was to make easier-to-handle teaching datasets from Understanding Society, building a core of common variables from the first three waves but including some other wave-specific information from each wave. The richness of the data, including the combination of ratio/interval data as well as categorical/ordinal data, makes for an effective dataset from which to teach quantitative methods of all kinds. A distinctive feature is the provision of datasets in native R format in addition to those in a statistical format. The documentation for the 'parent' Understanding Society dataset (SN 6614 at the UK Data Service) is the definitive guide to the variables, sampling, etc.

The dataset was compiled under the ESRC-funded Understanding Society Through Secondary Data Analysis: Quantitative Methods over the Undergraduate Life Course award. This project aimed to enhance the capacity of social science undergraduates to understand and use numeric data in their studies, by generating teaching-ready datasets based on Understanding Society. It also aimed to create associated digital resources that will be available for other students to use; to increase the amount of work using secondary data at the undergraduate level and to underline the relevance of research methods to the study of social sciences. As part of the award, a programme of new courses was planned, taking undergraduate students from their first year through to their final year. This new approach aimed to provide a solid foundation for employability and future careers using quantitative skills (whether in the public sector, in academia, or elsewhere).

Although an increasing number of studies have examined issues relating to the preservation and development of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), there has been limited research on how tourists perceive ICH. Moreover, UNESCO asserts that the concept of “authenticity” is not applicable to ICH, and so far, no valid instrument for measuring tourists’ subjective perceptions of ICH has been developed, even though their perceptions play a very important role in the preservation and development of ICH. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a measurement scale for ICH image, using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Participant observation, semi-structured in-depth interviews, secondary data collection, and a literature review were conducted to generate the initial scale items, and then the main surveys were conducted to collect data for the model tests. Four dimensions were extracted by exploratory factor analysis: transmission, localization, vitality, and association. The reliability and validity of the measurement model were demonstrated through confirmatory factor analysis. We further determined that the transmission, vitality, and association of ICH image have a positive impact on tourists’ revisit intention. The paper highlights the crucial role of ICH image in sustainable tourism development. The theoretical and managerial implications of the study are discussed, followed by suggestions for future research.

In the current era of village autonomy, one of the things that needs to be studied is the ability of village government human resources to meet development goals, both locally, regionally and nationally. One of the development goals is determined by the success of human development. The fact that there is weak capacity of village government has an impact on the success of overall development. For this reason, this study aims to examine these phenomena. This study used a qualitative approach with the unit ofanalysis being the village government in Galesong Utara District, Takalar Regency. This research was conducted from September to October2020 and data analysis was carried out in November 2020. The research data consisted of primary and secondary data andwere processed through data reduction. The results of this study indicate that the human resource capacity of the Dessa government in the District of North Galesong has not been maximized in carrying out the authority of the village so that it has an impact on the success of its development. This can be seen from the three main dimensions of institutional development, namely human resource development, institutional strengthening, and organizational reform. In terms of human resource development, village officials lack experience in making terms of reference for training so that the expected output is not achieved. In terms of organizational strengthening, it has not been implemented because the incentive system, mechanisms and mechanisms for utilization, leadership, and organizational culture are unclear and inadequate except for the management structure. In terms of organizational reform, it shows that it has not been able to adapt to changes because it does not have a program that is prepared to increase institutional capacity and human resources for village development. Thus, the researcher offers a model for implementing village government based on human resource development (HR). This model is expected to provide solutions to the implementation of Village governance in North Galesong District in implementing human development policies which include dimensions of education, health and economy as well as increasing community participation in the success of development programs.

Data from the HMRI Consumer Registry Survey will be used to determine the proportion of chronic disease out-patients who are willing to be contacted about future research and quantify how frequently they would be willing to be contacted about potential research projects. Support persons, defined as individuals who provide daily care or assistance to a patient, can also complete the Consumer Registry Survey. Survey items, including object type: Demographic information, disease-specific information (such as diagnosis, time to surgery), preferences for research participation, and contact details. Survey item types include text fields and multiple choice (radiobutton). The maximum number of items an individual can answer is 32; the minimum is 12. Survey domains or latent variables: There are no domains or latent variables. Psychometric analysis or development information: This survey does not require psychometric analysis. It was developed using iterative review involving health service researchers, HMRI key stakeholders, and community members. Data collection methods, including time frame: Data will be collected using iPad technology with the assistance of trained HMRI research support persons. Eligible participants are approached by research support persons while waiting for their appointment in a chronic disease or surgical out-patient clinic. The survey takes approximately 7 minutes to complete. Data collection began in December 2012. Inclusion criteria and sample size: To be eligible, participants must be: over the age of 18 years; be attending a neurology, cardiology, respiratory, surgical, or medical oncology out-patient clinic; understand English; and have attended the clinic at least once prior to enrollment. A total of 1400 participants are included across all out-patient clinics. This sample size will be composed of: 400 medical oncology, 400 surgical, 200 neurology, 200 cardiology, and 200 respiratory. Demographic description of participants: Not available at this time. Any anticipated secondary data analysis: None

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The it outsourcing market research report has been written after comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of data collected from reliable information sources. The research methodology followed while writing the it outsourcing market research report has been summarized below:

Secondary Research

  Technavio internal repository
  Industry journals and periodicals
  Government bodies
  Annual reports of industry players


Data Synthesis

  Collation of data
  Analysis of derived insights


Qualitative Analysis

  An insight into MoA
  Molecule based analysis
  Indication analysis
  RoA analysis


Quantitative Analysis

  Comparative landscape
  Molecule description
  Vendor landscape

The purpose of this research was to improve understanding of the conditions under which criminal sanctions do and do not reduce repeat violence between intimate partners. This study involved repeated reading and close inspection of four documents in order to compare and contrast the multivariate analyses reported by John Wooldredge and Amy Thistlethwaite (RECONSIDERING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE RECIDIVISM: INDIVIDUAL AND CONTEXTUAL EFFECTS OF COURT DISPOSITIONS AND STAKE IN CONFORMITY IN HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO, 1993-1998 [ICPSR 3013]). The first part of this study's design involved the detailed literature review of four Wooldredge and Thistlethwaite publications between the years 1999 and 2005. The second element of the study's design required researchers to gain a detailed understanding of the archived data using the documentation provided by Wooldredge. The third element of the study's secondary analysis research design involved using the identified variables to reproduce the multivariate empirical findings about the effects of sanctions, stakes, and social context on repeat offending. These findings were presented in a series of tables in the four Wooldredge and Thistlethwaite publications. After numerous iterations of reading reports and documentation and exploring alternative measures and methods, researchers produced a report detailing their ability to reproduce Wooldredge and Thistlethwaite's descriptive measures. This study's design called for using explicit criteria for determining the extent to which Wooldredge and Thistlethwaite's findings could be reproduced. Researchers developed and applied three criteria for making that determination. The first was a simple comparison of the regression coefficients and standard errors. The second criterion was a determination of whether the reproduced results conformed to the direction and statistical significance levels of the original analyses. The third criterion was to apply a statistical test to assess the significance of any differences in the sizes of the original and the reproduced coefficients. The data archived by Wooldredge provided seven dichotomous measures of criminal sanctions (no charges filed, dismissed, acquitted, a treatment program, probation only, jail only, and a combination of probation and jail). Part of the design of this study was to go beyond reproducing Wooldredge and Thistlethwaite's approaches and to reformulate the available measures of criminal sanctions to more directly test the prosecution, conviction, and sentence severity hypotheses. The researchers produced these tests by constructing three new measures of criminal sanctions (prosecution, conviction, and sanction severity) and testing each of them in separate multivariate models. The Part 1 (Hamilton County, Ohio, Census Tract Data) data file contains 206 cases and 35 variables. The Part 2 (Neighborhood Data) data file contains 47 cases and 12 variables. The variables in Part 1 (Hamilton County, Ohio, Census Tract Data) include a census tract indicator, median household income of tract, several proportions such as number of college graduates in the tract and corresponding Z-scores, a regression factor score for analysis 1, a socio-economic factor, a census tract number for the city of Cincinnati, Ohio, and a Cincinnati neighborhoods indicator. Variables in Part 2 (Neighborhood Data) include a neighborhood indicator, average age in the neighborhood, demographic proportions such as proportion male in the neighborhood and proportion of college graduates in the neighborhood, and a social class factor.

Predictor variables used in analysis and the methods used to harmonize to the categorical variables.

Background: People living with cystic fibrosis have an increased risk of lung infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), which is reportedly increasing. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to estimate the burden (prevalence and incidence) of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in the cystic fibrosis population. Methods: Electronic databases, registries, and grey literature sources were searched for cohort and cross-sectional studies reporting epidemiological measures (incidence and prevalence) of NTM infection or NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) in cystic fibrosis. The last search was conducted in September 2021; we included reports since database creation and registry reports published since 2010. The methodological quality of studies was appraised with the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the prevalence of NTM infection, and the remaining results are presented in a narrative synthesis. Results: Ninety-five studies were included in this review. All 95 studies reported on NTM infection, and 14 of these also reported on NTM-PD. The pooled estimate for the point prevalence of NTM infection was 7.9% (CI 95%, 5.1–12.0%). In meta-regression, sample size and geographical location of the study modified the estimate. Longitudinal analysis of registry reports showed an increasing trend in NTM infection prevalence between 2010 and 2019. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of NTM infection in CF is 7.9% and is increasing over time based on international registry reports. Future studies should report screening frequency, microbial identification methods, and incidence rates of progression from NTM infection to pulmonary disease. Methods Review question We designed our review question based on population, condition, outcome (epidemiological measure) and study design, as recommended by current guidelines. Briefly, we screened for cross-sectional or cohort studies reported in English including people with CF (population) and evaluating NTM infection or NTM-PD (condition). NTM infection was defined as isolation of any NTM on at least one occasion per patient; the criteria for NTM-PD were specified in each study. Reporting of at least one epidemiologic measure among incidence rate, incidence proportion, point prevalence, or period prevalence was required for inclusion. The full criteria are described in Supplementary Table 1. The review protocol was registered to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO (CRD42020200418) in July 2020. In October 2020, before the abstract screening, we updated the grey literature sources and screening procedures. Literature search EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched in September 2020 using the criteria specified in Supplementary Methods 1; an updated search was conducted in September 2021. We manually reviewed the conference proceedings from relevant research meetings between 2010 and 2020 (North American Cystic Fibrosis, European Cystic Fibrosis Society, American Thoracic Society, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America conferences). Also, we performed forward and backward searches for highly cited references in Web of Science (listed in Supplementary Table 2) using Google Scholar and Web of Science. Finally, the United States of America (CF Foundation), Canadian (CF Canada), European (European CF Society), Australian, and Brazilian registry reports published between 2010 and 2021 were included. Screening and data extraction All records were retrieved and exported in Research Information Systems format. Initial manual deduplication evaluated Author, Title, and Year of publication. Then, we performed automated deduplication using the SRA De-Duplicator software and Covidence. Screening of reports and full-text manuscripts, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment was conducted independently by two reviewers (M.P. and M.A.); discrepancies were solved by consensus or by a third reviewer (B.Q.). Epidemiological measures of interest reported in each study were included for analysis. Abstract screening evaluated language, study type, the inclusion of CF population, and reporting of any measures of interest. Full-text screening evaluated all eligibility criteria defined in Supplementary Table 1. For unretrievable reports, we requested access to unpublished full manuscripts from authors via email on at least two separate occasions. The Joana Briggs Institute tool was used to assess methodological and reporting quality. Overall low risk of bias was defined as low risk in the assessments of the sampling frame, sample size, population description, and statistical methods. High risk was determined by a high-risk assessment in any of the following: sampling frame, sampling scheme, sampling size, population description, identification methods, or statistical calculation. Data extraction was based on a pre-specified data dictionary piloted with 10 studies (Supplementary Table 2). For period prevalence, point prevalence, and incidence proportion, we extracted proportions, the number of cases, and the sample size. We did not impute any missing data. In studies with unclear years of data collection, we assumed that data was obtained from the year before publication. The body of evidence was not evaluated for certainty given the lack of adapted tools for single-proportion measures. Data analysis Data were analyzed with the meta and metafor packages in R studio and R version 4.1.1. Risk of bias plots were produced with the robvis and ggplot2 packages, and tables with the flextable package. We pre-specified the use of random-effects models based on expected heterogeneity by study region and dates. To model proportion data, we used generalized linear models with LOGIT transformation. Point and annual prevalence of NTM infection were summarized together in the meta-analysis because they contain comparable time frames of evaluation (a year or less). The remaining epidemiologic measures including period prevalence of NTM infection, incidence of NTM infection, prevalence (point or period) of NTM-PD, and incidence of NTM-PD are reported in supplementary tables and text only. Period prevalence of NTM infection and NTM-PD were not pooled due to varying time intervals among studies, while the rest of the epidemiologic measures had a small number of studies. To avoid the overrepresentation of registry reports in the meta-analysis, we included only the most recent report per registry with both numerator and denominator available to calculate prevalence. Secondary data analyses of registry data were also excluded from meta‑analysis to reduce redundancy with the registry reports. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 index and 95% confidence interval, with a significance level established at p < 0.10. Publication bias was explored graphically using sample size as a predictor of bias in the funnel plot. We pre-specified subgroup analyses by study design, age category (pediatric vs adult), year of data collection (before 2000, 2001 to 2009, and 2010–2019), geographical region (grouped as North America, Europe, and others), and the most common individual NTM species reported in CF (Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABs) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)). The prespecified meta-regression model was optimized by maximum likelihood and used the same transformation as the meta-analysis (LOGIT). We evaluated the goodness of fit in the model using Akaike’s information criteria by stepwise inclusion of pre-specified coefficients. Exploratory (unspecified) analyses include a longitudinal trend of prevalence in registries and subgroup analyses by region for MAC and MABs. Sensitivity analyses included three meta-analyses of NTM infection point (and annual) prevalence. The first excluded a study that screened patients only in the presence of increased symptoms, the second included only registry data, and the third excluded studies that did not use standardized culture media for identification of NTM. Reporting is based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist.

This data collection stems from work directly arising out of the project 'Unity out of Diversity? Perspectives on the adaptations of immigrants in Britain'. The main aim of the project was to examine perceptions of adaptation in academic, policy, and public spheres.

The research generated new data in the form of: (1) focus groups conducted in Manchester and Glasgow between November 2014 and September 2015; (2) interviews with local and national 'policy stakeholders' conducted between January 2015 and September 2016. This data collection provides access to this new data and related documentation. The research also used existing data from various sources: (a) Existing surveys available via the UK Data Service such as: (1) Ethnic Minority British Election Study; (2) Citizenship Survey; and (3) Understanding Society. This data collection provides scripts that showed how the data was transformed for analysis. (b) Textual data from journal article abstracts; newspaper articles; and Hansard debates. This data collection provides details of the methodology used to extract such data. (c) Online survey data from a related project funded by the British Academy, where Dr Lessard-Phillips was a co-applicant (PI: Dr Maria Sobolewska). This data collection provides a replication dataset and related documentation.

The adaptation of immigrants (the immigrants' long-term integration into British society, and British society's response to it) has become an important topic of academic inquiry and debate among policy makers and the general public. Yet there is little systematic research or unified understanding of this process within and across these different arenas.

This project aims to investigate the commonalities and differences in the various perceptions and understandings of adaptation and try to reconnect them. This will be done by using an original research design that will examine:

the multidimensionality of immigrant adaptation in British academia (via a meta-analysis of the current literature and quantitative analysis of secondary data).

Which will be contrasted with the subjective understandings and perceptions of adaptation in Britain among: - policy makers and third-sector stakeholders (via an analysis of policy documents and interviews) - minority and majority groups among the British population (via focus groups).

This project will seek an active involvement by academic and non-academic audiences. It will provide a thorough and updated understanding of immigrant adaptation and its dimensionality in Britain, reaching beyond academic and policy circles, with the aim to build a solid evidence base for future research and policy.

Food insecurity is a chronic problem in the United States that annually affects over 40 million people under normal conditions. This difficult reality can dramatically worsen after disasters. Such events can disrupt both the supply and demand sides of food systems, restricting food distribution and access precisely when households are in a heightened need for food assistance. Often, retailers and food banks must react quickly to meet local needs under difficult post-disaster circumstances. Residents of Harris County and Southeast Texas experienced this problem after Hurricane Harvey made landfall on the Texas Gulf Coast in August 2017. The primary data collected by this project relate specifically to the supply side. The data attempt to identify factors that impacted the ability of suppliers to help ensure access to food, with a focus on fresh food access. Factors included impacts to people, property and products due to hurricane-related damage to infrastructure. Two types of food suppliers were the foci of this research: food aid agencies and food retailers. The research team examined food aid agencies in Southeast Texas with data collection methods that included secondary data analysis, a focus group and an online survey. The second population studied was food retailers with in-person surveys with store managers. Food retailers were randomly sampled in three Texas counties: Jefferson, Orange, and Harris. The data collection methods resulted in 32 food aid agency online survey responses and 210 completed food retail in-person surveys. Data were collected five to eight months after the event, which helped to increase the reliability and validity of the data. The time-sensitive nature of post-disaster data requires research teams to quickly organize their efforts before entering the field. The purpose of this project archive is to share the primary data collected, document methods, and to help future research teams reduce the amount of time needed for project development and reporting. This archive does not contain Personally or Business Identifiable Information.

This project's primary objective is to assess the knowledge, resilience & adaptation, and policy needs of rural Viliui Sakha communities, a geographically and ethnically underrepresented group in northeastern Siberia, Russia, who face an uncertain future due to the unprecedented local effects of global climate change (GCC). The project aims to fulfill that objective by partnering with communities to explore local perceptions, responses, and ways to effectively address the local issues of GCC. The project is a four-village, three-year collaborative effort involving participation of village residents, native specialists and field assistants, an in-country research community and international collaborators. The project PI Crate has worked with the targeted communities for sixteen years and is fluent in both the native Sakha and Russian languages. Crate's 2003-2006 community sustainability project revealed that Viliui Sakha inhabitants consider the local effects of GCC to be their most substantial barrier to continued subsistence and residency. The proposed project represents a continuation of that research by assessing knowledge about the local impacts of GCC on the community, regional and Republic levels in order to decipher what is known and what needs to be known to fill knowledge gaps and positively inform community life. The project objectives are to: 1) Develop community-levels rosters of past and present knowledge of and adaptation to climate change; 2) Operationalize those roster data to develop measures and gauge the resilience and adaptive capacity of households and communities facing GCC; 3) Document local elders' knowledge about climate change that is both applicable and pragmatic for use in contemporary village-level adaptive schemes; 4) Survey the relevant western science on GCC (beginning in-country and moving to international) in order to fill the gaps in local knowledge to facilitate community-level adaptation and understanding; 5) Appraise policy efforts at the local, regional, Republic and national levels for their utility and make recommendations accordingly. Methods to be employed include: focus groups, semi-structured interviews, surveys and secondary data analysis. This study integrates research and education by advancing discovery and understanding while at the same time promoting teaching, training, and learning in at least four substantial ways: 1) by conducting our field research with the active participation of four village communities and village-level research assistants; 2) by collaborating with an in-country research team; 3) by working with a research assistant and two graduate students for the project's duration; and 4) by collaborating with an international research partner. By working at the local, regional and Republic levels and through collaborating with the in-country research institute and other partners on climate issues, the project will enhance the infrastructure for research and education networks and partnerships. The project team will disseminate the results of the project widely to enhance scientific and technological understanding via academic and non-academic publications, a project website, and by generating a set of resource materials available to others interested in community based climate change projects. The proposed activity is designed to benefit society on several levels, by increasing the understanding of the local effects of GCC for the targeted communities, by producing resource materials to share that knowledge with other populations, to inform policy decisions, and to enhance research collaborations and exchanges.