The U.S. federal funds effective rate underwent a dramatic reduction in early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate plummeted from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.65 percent in March, and further decreased to 0.05 percent in April. This sharp reduction, accompanied by the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing program, was implemented to stabilize the economy during the global health crisis. After maintaining historically low rates for nearly two years, the Federal Reserve began a series of rate hikes in early 2022, with the rate moving from 0.33 percent in April 2022 to 5.33 percent in August 2023. The rate remained unchanged for over a year, before the Federal Reserve initiated its first rate cut in nearly three years in September 2024, bringing the rate to 5.13 percent. By December 2024, the rate was cut to 4.48 percent, signaling a shift in monetary policy in the second half of 2024. In January 2025, the Federal Reserve implemented another cut, setting the rate at 4.33 percent, which remained unchanged throughout the following months. What is the federal funds effective rate? The U.S. federal funds effective rate determines the interest rate paid by depository institutions, such as banks and credit unions, that lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight. Changing the effective rate in times of crisis is a common way to stimulate the economy, as it has a significant impact on the whole economy, such as economic growth, employment, and inflation. Central bank policy rates The adjustment of interest rates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was a coordinated global effort. In early 2020, central banks worldwide implemented aggressive monetary easing policies to combat the economic crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's dramatic reduction of its federal funds rate - from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.05 percent by April - mirrored similar actions taken by central banks globally. While these low rates remained in place throughout 2021, mounting inflationary pressures led to a synchronized tightening cycle beginning in 2022, with central banks pushing rates to multi-year highs. By mid-2024, as inflation moderated across major economies, central banks began implementing their first rate cuts in several years, with the U.S. Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank all easing monetary policy.

The inflation rate in the United States declined significantly between June 2022 and May 2025, despite rising inflationary pressures towards the end of 2024. The peak inflation rate was recorded in June 2022, at *** percent. In August 2023, the Federal Reserve's interest rate hit its highest level during the observed period, at **** percent, and remained unchanged until September 2024, when the Federal Reserve implemented its first rate cut since September 2021. By January 2025, the rate dropped to **** percent, signalling a shift in monetary policy. What is the Federal Reserve interest rate? The Federal Reserve interest rate, or the federal funds rate, is the rate at which banks and credit unions lend to and borrow from each other. It is one of the Federal Reserve's key tools for maintaining strong employment rates, stable prices, and reasonable interest rates. The rate is determined by the Federal Reserve and adjusted eight times a year, though it can be changed through emergency meetings during times of crisis. The Fed doesn't directly control the interest rate but sets a target rate. It then uses open market operations to influence rates toward this target. Ways of measuring inflation Inflation is typically measured using several methods, with the most common being the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CPI tracks the price of a fixed basket of goods and services over time, providing a measure of the price changes consumers face. At the end of 2023, the CPI in the United States was ****** percent, up from ****** a year earlier. A more business-focused measure is the producer price index (PPI), which represents the costs of firms.

In September 2022, the frozen pork cut price stood at $2,791 per ton (FOB, Spain), rising by 4.3% against the previous month.

The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Fed Funds Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In March 2023, the growth rate skyrocketed as exports of Fresh Chicken Cuts rose by 16% compared to the previous month. The value of these exports slightly increased to $199M in September 2023.

During the period of August 2023 to September 2023, the growth of imports did not recover its momentum. The value of imports for Cutting Blade increased significantly to $10M in September 2023.

The allocation quota field classifies the data according to whether they participate in the general quota (EVAU-PAU tests, higher education cycles and UNED credential) or in the reserve (university graduates or equivalent, over 25 years, over 45 years, over 40 years with professional experience, disabled, high-level or high-performance athletes). Note cut award 1 is the lowest grade of admission among the totality of admitted in a study, calculated at the time of the award of places of the July call. The final cut-off field 1 includes the lowest admission grade among all those admitted to a study in the July call, calculated on December 31 of the academic year selected. It includes the effect on admission lists of appeals and resolution of appeals. A cutoff note of 5,000 means that all applicants for that quota have been admitted. Note cut award 2 is the lowest grade of admission among the totality of admitted in a study, calculated at the time of the award of places of the September call. If the cut-off note is blank in a curriculum or award quota, it means that there has been no second phase of admission for that plan or quota. To understand the data prior to the 2017/18 academic year it is necessary to study the content of the Priority field Convo Note of Court. The final cut-off field 2 is the lowest admission grade among all those admitted to a study in the September call, calculated on December 31 of the academic year selected. It includes the effect on admission lists of appeals and resolution of appeals. A cutoff note of 5,000 means that all applicants for that quota have been admitted. If the cut-off note is blank in a curriculum, it means that there has been no second phase of admission for that plan or quota. To understand the data prior to the 2017/18 academic year it is necessary to study the content of the Priority field Convo Note of Court. The priority field Convo Nota de Corte indicates whether the cut-off note corresponds to an applicant of the general quota of the June call or of previous years (J), or of the September call (S). This variable is essential to understand the cutoff notes in the September call in the courses prior to 2017/18, since in those courses the applicants of this route who had passed the entrance test in June or in previous years always had preference over those who had passed the entrance test in September, regardless of their admission note. Final cut-off notes of June and September calls for all access quotas by degree and location.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

In June 2024, the European Central Bank (ECB) began reducing its fixed interest rate for the first time since 2016, implementing a series of cuts. The rate decreased from 4.5 percent to 3.15 percent by year-end: a 0.25 percentage point cut in June, followed by additional reductions in September, October, and December. The central bank implemented other cuts in early 2025, setting the rate at 2.4 percent in April 2025. This marked a significant shift from the previous rate hike cycle, which began in July 2022 when the ECB raised rates to 0.5 percent and subsequently increased them almost monthly, reaching 4.5 percent by December 2023 - the highest level since the 2007-2008 global financial crisis. How does this ensure liquidity? Banks typically hold only a fraction of their capital in cash, measured by metrics like the Tier 1 capital ratio. Since this ratio is low, banks prefer to allocate most of their capital to revenue-generating loans. When their cash reserves fall too low, banks borrow from the ECB to cover short-term liquidity needs. On the other hand, commercial banks can also deposit excess funds with the ECB at a lower interest rate. Reasons for fluctuations
The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability. The Euro area inflation rate is, in theory, the key indicator guiding the ECB's actions. When the fixed interest rate is lower, commercial banks are more likely to borrow from the ECB, increasing the money supply and, in turn, driving inflation higher. When inflation rises, the ECB increases the fixed interest rate, which slows borrowing and helps to reduce inflation.

Graph and download economic data for FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Median (FEDTARMD) from 2025 to 2027 about projection, federal, median, rate, and USA.

The final cut-off field 1 includes the lowest grade of admission among all admitted to a study in the July call, calculated on December 31 of the selected academic year.It includes the effect of appeals and the resolution of appeals on admission lists. A court note of 5,000 means that all applicants for that quota have been admitted. The final cut grade field 2 is the lowest grade of admission among all admitted to a study in the September call, calculated as of December 31 of the academic year that is selected. It includes the effect of appeals and the resolution of appeals on admission lists. A court note of 5,000 means that all applicants for that quota have been admitted.If the cutoff note appears blank on a curriculum it means that there has been no second phase of admission for that plan. To understand the data prior to the 2017/18 academic year, it is necessary to study the content of the Prelation Convo Cut Note field. The priority field Convo Cut Note indicates whether the cut-off note corresponds to an applicant of the general quota of the June or previous year call (J), or of the September call (S). This variable is essential to understand the cut-off notes in the September call in the courses prior to 2017/18, since in those courses applicants of this route who had passed the entrance test in June or in previous years always had preference over those who had passed the entrance test in September, regardless of their admission note.The final cut-off field 1 includes the lowest grade of admission among all admitted to a study in the July call, calculated on December 31 of the selected academic year. It includes the effect of appeals and the resolution of appeals on admission lists. A court note of 5,000 means that all applicants for that quota have been admitted. The final cut grade field 2 is the lowest grade of admission among all admitted to a study in the September call, calculated as of December 31 of the academic year that is selected. It includes the effect of appeals and the resolution of appeals on admission lists. A court note of 5,000 means that all applicants for that quota have been admitted. If the cutoff note appears blank on a curriculum it means that there has been no second phase of admission for that plan. To understand the data prior to the 2017/18 academic year, it is necessary to study the content of the Prelation Convo Cut Note field. The priority field Convo Cut Note indicates whether the cut-off note corresponds to an applicant of the general quota of the June or previous year call (J), or of the September call (S). This variable is essential to understand the cut-off notes in the September call in the courses prior to 2017/18, since in those courses applicants of this route who had passed the entrance test in June or in previous years always had preference over those who had passed the entrance test in September, regardless of their admission note. The final cut-off field 1 includes the lowest grade of admission among all admitted to a study in the July call, calculated on December 31 of the selected academic year. It includes the effect of appeals and the resolution of appeals on admission lists. A court note of 5,000 means that all applicants for that quota have been admitted. The final cut grade field 2 is the lowest grade of admission among all admitted to a study in the September call, calculated as of December 31 of the academic year that is selected. It includes the effect of appeals and the resolution of appeals on admission lists. A court note of 5,000 means that all applicants for that quota have been admitted. If the cutoff note appears blank on a curriculum it means that there has been no second phase of admission for that plan. To understand the data prior to the 2017/18 academic year, it is necessary to study the content of the Prelation Convo Cut Note field. The priority field Convo Cut Note indicates whether the cut-off note corresponds to an applicant of the general quota of the June or previous year call (J), or of the September call (S).This variable is essential to understand the cut-off notes in the September call in the courses prior to 2017/18, since in those courses applicants of this route who had passed the entrance test in June or in previous years always had preference over those who had passed the entrance test in September, regardless of their admission note. It includes the effect of appeals and the resolution of appeals on admission lists.A court note of 5,000 means that all applicants for that quota have been admitted. The final cut grade field 2 is the lowest grade of admission among all admitted to a study in the September call, calculated as of December 31 of the academic year that is selected. It includes the effect of appeals and the resolution of appeals on admission lists. A court note of 5,000 means that all applicants for that quota have been admitted. If the cutoff note appears blank on a curriculum it means that there has b

In March 2023, the pace of growth in exports of Fresh Chicken Cut was the most pronounced, with a 16% increase compared to the previous month. In terms of value, exports of Fresh Chicken Cut slightly rose to $199M in September 2023.

United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing was 112.20100 Index Dec 2003=100 in December of 2022, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing reached a record high of 112.38400 in September of 2022 and a record low of 99.90000 in January of 2004. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing: Vestments and Costumes (DISCONTINUED) was 126.40000 Index Dec 2003=100 in December of 2017, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing: Vestments and Costumes (DISCONTINUED) reached a record high of 127.20000 in September of 2017 and a record low of 99.70000 in January of 2004. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Producer Price Index by Industry: Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing: Vestments and Costumes (DISCONTINUED) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Brownsville, Texas, collected bathymetric data for selected resacas (former distributary channels and oxbow lakes of the Rio Grande that are now cut off from the river) in the Brownsville, Texas area during September 2021 through April 2023. Bathymetric survey points were collected using real-time network Global Navigation Satellite System (RTN-GNSS) equipment and a single-beam echo sounder.

Canada's inflation rate experienced significant fluctuations from 2018 to 2025. Inflation peaked at 8.1 percent in June 2022 before steadily declining to 1.8 percent by December 2024. In early 2025, inflation began to increase again, rising to 2.6 percent in February, and dropping to 1.7 percent in March. In response to rising inflation between 2020 and 2022, the Bank of Canada implemented aggressive interest rate hikes. The bank rate reached a maximum of 5.25 percent in July 2023 and remained stable until June 2024. As inflationary pressures eased in the second half of 2024, the central bank reduced interest rates to 3.5 percent in December 2024. In 2025, the bank rate witnessed two cuts, standing at three percent in April 2025. This pattern reflected broader global economic trends, with most advanced and emerging economies experiencing similar inflationary challenges and monetary policy adjustments. Global context of inflation and interest rates The Canadian experience aligns with the broader international trend of central banks raising policy rates to combat inflation. Between 2021 and 2023, nearly all advanced and emerging economies increased their central bank rates. However, a shift occurred in the latter half of 2024, with many countries, including Canada, beginning to lower rates. This change suggests a new phase in the global economic cycle and monetary policy approach. Notably, among surveyed countries, Russia maintained the highest interest rate in early 2025, while Japan had the lowest rate. Comparison with the United States The United States experienced a similar trajectory in inflation and interest rates. U.S. inflation peaked at 9.1 percent in June 2022, slightly higher than Canada's peak. The Federal Reserve responded with a series of rate hikes, reaching 5.33 percent in August 2023. This rate remained unchanged until September 2024, when the first cut since September 2021 was implemented. In contrast, Canada's bank rate peaked at 5.25 percent and began decreasing earlier, with cuts in June and July 2024. These differences highlight the nuanced approaches of central banks in managing their respective economies amid global inflationary pressures.

Analysis of ‘Cessation of Turf Cutting Compensation Scheme Statistics September 2016’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/8d768005-f491-46d1-b96b-4f965d875841 on 16 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

The Government has put in place a compensation scheme for those affected by the cessation of turf cutting on raised bog special areas of conservation. This cessation of turf cutting compensation scheme comprises a payment of €1,500 per year, index linked, for15 years or, where feasible, relocation of turf cutters to non-designated bogs where they can continue to cut turf. Those wishing to relocate can avail of the financial payment or the delivery of 15 tonnes of cut turf per annum while relocation sites are identified and prepared. The costs of acquiring and preparing relocation sites will be met by the State. An additional once-off payment of €500 for qualifying turf cutters will be provided where legal agreements are signed with the Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

The qualifying criteria for the cessation of turf cutting compensation scheme are that: •The claimant must have a legal interest in one of the 53 raised bog special areas of conservation – ownership or turbary right; •The claimant must have been the owner or entitled to exercise turbary rights on the land in question on 25 May 2010; •The turbary on the site must not be exhausted; •The claimant must have been cutting turf on the land in question during the relevant five year period; and •No turf cutting or associated activity is on-going on the property.

Applications under the cessation of turf cutting compensation scheme continue to be accepted by the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

Payments and turf deliveries have been made on the basis that applicants have indicated in their application forms that they fulfil all the qualifying criteria of the cessation of turf cutting compensation scheme. This Department has been checking, and will be continuing to check, that all of the qualifying criteria of the scheme have been met in each case.

The latest figures on a bog by bog basis in relation to compensation under this scheme are now available:

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

The Government has put in place a compensation scheme for those affected by the cessation of turf cutting on raised bog special areas of conservation. This cessation of turf cutting compensation scheme comprises a payment of €1,500 per year, index linked, for15 years or, where feasible, relocation of turf cutters to non-designated bogs where they can continue to cut turf. Those wishing to relocate can avail of the financial payment or the delivery of 15 tonnes of cut turf per annum while relocation sites are identified and prepared. The costs of acquiring and preparing relocation sites will be met by the State. An additional once-off payment of €500 for qualifying turf cutters will be provided where legal agreements are signed with the Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

The qualifying criteria for the cessation of turf cutting compensation scheme are that: •The claimant must have a legal interest in one of the 53 raised bog special areas of conservation – ownership or turbary right; •The claimant must have been the owner or entitled to exercise turbary rights on the land in question on 25 May 2010; •The turbary on the site must not be exhausted; •The claimant must have been cutting turf on the land in question during the relevant five year period; and •No turf cutting or associated activity is on-going on the property.

Applications under the cessation of turf cutting compensation scheme continue to be accepted by the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

Payments and turf deliveries have been made on the basis that applicants have indicated in their application forms that they fulfil all the qualifying criteria of the cessation of turf cutting compensation scheme. This Department has been checking, and will be continuing to check, that all of the qualifying criteria of the scheme have been met in each case.

The latest figures on a bog by bog basis in relation to compensation under this scheme are now available: