Unemployment Rate in the United States increased to 4.40 percent in September from 4.30 percent in August of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The unemployment rate of the United Kingdom was five percent in September 2025, up from 4.8 percent in the previous month, and the highest rate of unemployment since 2021. Before the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK had relatively low levels of unemployment. Between January 2000 and the most recent month, unemployment was highest in November 2011, when the unemployment rate hit 8.5 percent. Will unemployment continue to rise in 2025? Although low by historic standards, there has been a noticeable uptick in the UK's unemployment rate, with other labor market indicators also pointing to further loosening. In December 2024, the number of job vacancies in the UK fell to its lowest level since May 2021, while payrolled employment declined by 47,000 compared with November. Whether this is a continuation of a broader cooling of the labor market since 2022 or a reaction to more recent economic developments, such as upcoming tax rises for employers, remains to be seen. Forecasts made in late 2024 suggest that the unemployment rate will remain relatively stable in 2025, averaging out at 4.1 percent and falling again to four percent in 2026.
Demographics of the unemployed As of the third quarter of 2024, the unemployment rate for men was slightly higher than that of women, at 4.4 percent, compared to 4.1 percent. During the financial crisis at the end of the 2000s, the unemployment rate for women peaked at a quarterly rate of 7.7 percent, whereas for men, the rate was 9.1 percent. Unemployment is also heavily associated with age, and young people in general are far more vulnerable to unemployment than older age groups. In late 2011, for example, the unemployment rate for those aged between 16 and 24 reached 22.3 percent, compared with 8.2 percent for people aged 25 to 34, while older age groups had even lower peaks during this time.

Initial Jobless Claims in the United States decreased to 216 thousand in the week ending November 22 of 2025 from 222 thousand in the previous week. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Initial Jobless Claims - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The NEA calculates and makes public the statistical indicators on registered unemployment, according to the legal provisions. The number of registered unemployed persons represents both the unemployed persons receiving benefits with work experience and the unemployed persons receiving unemployment benefits without work experience/ education graduates) and the unemployed persons not receiving benefits (without benefiting from unemployment benefits) and is calculated on the basis of the data from the primary documents and the records from the database of the territorial employment agencies. Represents the stock at the end of the reference month. The registered unemployment rate is determined as the ratio between the number of unemployed persons registered with the employment agencies in the county and the municipality of Bucharest (remunerated and unremunerated) at the end of the reference month and the active civilian population. The civilian active population represents the potential labour supply and employment of the population comprising the civilian employed population and the registered unemployed. The indicator is determined annually by the National Institute of Statistics through the labour balance at country, development region and county level. The total number of registered unemployed is structured by: - sexes (women, men); - type of compensation (remunerated, unremunerated); - level of education (without education, primary education, secondary education, secondary education, post-secondary education, vocational education/arts and crafts, university education); age groups (under 25 years, 25-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-55 years, over 55 years). - Residential environments (urban, rural). The NEA calculates and makes public the statistical indicators on registered unemployment, according to the legal provisions.

The seasonally-adjusted national unemployment rate is measured on a monthly basis in the United States. In August 2025, the national unemployment rate was at 4.3 percent. Seasonal adjustment is a statistical method of removing the seasonal component of a time series that is used when analyzing non-seasonal trends.

ANOFM calculates and publishes statistical indicators on registered unemployment, according to the legal provisions. The number of registered unemployed represents both the unemployed compensated (unemployed persons with experience in work and unemployed unemployed inexperienced unemployment benefits/education graduates) and the unemployed unemployed (without unemployment benefit) and are based on the data from the primary documents and the records from the database of the Territorial Employment Agencies. Represents the stock at the end of the reference month. The unemployment rate recorded is determined as the ratio between the number of unemployed registered with the county employment agencies and the municipality of Bucharest (allowed and unpaid) at the end of the reference month and the civil active population. The civilian active population represents the potential labour supply and employment rate of the population comprising the civilian-occupied population and the registered unemployed. The indicator is determined annually by the National Institute of Statistics through the labour force balance at the level of the country, development region and county. The total number of registered unemployed is structured on: sexes (women, men); type of compensation (allowed, non-allowed); education level (without studies, primary education, secondary education, secondary education, post-iceal education, vocational education/arts and crafts, university education); age groups (under 25 years, 25-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-55 years, over 55 years). residential environments (urban, rural). ANOFM calculates and publishes statistical indicators on registered unemployment, according to the legal provisions.

View monthly updates and historical trends for US Unemployment Rate. from United States. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Track economic data with YCha…

Graph and download economic data for Unemployment Rate in Orange County, CA (CAORAN7URN) from Jan 1990 to Aug 2025 about Orange County, CA; Los Angeles; CA; unemployment; rate; and USA.

Unemployment Rate in the United Kingdom increased to 5 percent in September from 4.80 percent in August of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for Initial Claims (ICSA) from 1967-01-07 to 2025-11-22 about initial claims, headline figure, and USA.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

Background
The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a unique source of information using international definitions of employment and unemployment and economic inactivity, together with a wide range of related topics such as occupation, training, hours of work and personal characteristics of household members aged 16 years and over. It is used to inform social, economic and employment policy. The LFS was first conducted biennially from 1973-1983. Between 1984 and 1991 the survey was carried out annually and consisted of a quarterly survey conducted throughout the year and a 'boost' survey in the spring quarter (data were then collected seasonally). From 1992 quarterly data were made available, with a quarterly sample size approximately equivalent to that of the previous annual data. The survey then became known as the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS). From December 1994, data gathering for Northern Ireland moved to a full quarterly cycle to match the rest of the country, so the QLFS then covered the whole of the UK (though some additional annual Northern Ireland LFS datasets are also held at the UK Data Archive). Further information on the background to the QLFS may be found in the documentation.

Longitudinal data
The LFS retains each sample household for five consecutive quarters, with a fifth of the sample replaced each quarter. The main survey was designed to produce cross-sectional data, but the data on each individual have now been linked together to provide longitudinal information. The longitudinal data comprise two types of linked datasets, created using the weighting method to adjust for non-response bias. The two-quarter datasets link data from two consecutive waves, while the five-quarter datasets link across a whole year (for example January 2010 to March 2011 inclusive) and contain data from all five waves. A full series of longitudinal data has been produced, going back to winter 1992. Linking together records to create a longitudinal dimension can, for example, provide information on gross flows over time between different labour force categories (employed, unemployed and economically inactive). This will provide detail about people who have moved between the categories. Also, longitudinal information is useful in monitoring the effects of government policies and can be used to follow the subsequent activities and circumstances of people affected by specific policy initiatives, and to compare them with other groups in the population. There are however methodological problems which could distort the data resulting from this longitudinal linking. The ONS continues to research these issues and advises that the presentation of results should be carefully considered, and warnings should be included with outputs where necessary.

New reweighting policy
Following the new reweighting policy ONS has reviewed the latest population estimates made available during 2019 and have decided not to carry out a 2019 LFS and APS reweighting exercise. Therefore, the next reweighting exercise will take place in 2020. These will incorporate the 2019 Sub-National Population Projection data (published in May 2020) and 2019 Mid-Year Estimates (published in June 2020). It is expected that reweighted Labour Market aggregates and microdata will be published towards the end of 2020/early 2021.

LFS Documentation
The documentation available from the Archive to accompany LFS datasets largely consists of the latest version of each user guide volume alongside the appropriate questionnaire for the year concerned. However, volumes are updated periodically by ONS, so users are advised to check the latest documents on the ONS Labour Force Survey - User Guidance pages before commencing analysis. This is especially important for users of older QLFS studies, where information and guidance in the user guide documents may have changed over time.

Additional data derived from the QLFS
The Archive also holds further QLFS series: End User Licence (EUL) quarterly data; Secure Access datasets; household datasets; quarterly, annual and ad hoc module datasets compiled for Eurostat; and some additional annual Northern Ireland datasets.

Variables DISEA and LNGLST
Dataset A08 (Labour market status of disabled people) which ONS suspended due to an apparent discontinuity between April to June 2017 and July to September 2017 is now available. As a result of this apparent discontinuity and the inconclusive...

Regional unemployment rates used by the Employment Insurance program, by effective date, current month.

There were over 1.79 million unemployed people in the United Kingdom in the three months to September 2025, compared with just over 1.74 million in the previous month. In the provided time period, there was a peak of 2.7 million people unemployed in November 2011 and a noticeable uptick in unemployment in 2020. The bump in unemployment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic peaked at almost 1.8 million in December 2020 then falling to a low of 1.2 million in August 2022, before climbing up again to the most recent levels. Government plans to boost UK workforce Although the Labour Party inherited a relatively healthy unemployment rate of around four percent from the previous government, the UK's labor market is less robust than it first appears. The current level of economic inactivity, is seen as the more concerning figure, especially the rising share of people on long-term sick leave. Just before the COVID-19 pandemic, at the end of 2019, there were around 2.08 million people economically inactive due to long-term sickness, with this figure increasing by around 740,000 by early 2024. Government plans to address the root cause of these issues and improve incentives to work were unveiled at the end of 2024, but may have come at an inopportune time. Labor market signals for 2025 Encouraging people back into work is one thing; making sure there are enough jobs is another. Recent data suggests that the UK is continuing to cool off from an overheated labor market in 2022, which at one point saw 1.3 million job vacancies in the UK. Although the current level of job vacancies is at more usual levels, any further falls could spell trouble for the economy. In December 2024, the number of people on UK payrolls fell by 47,000, while the number of redundancies has started to climb. Some UK businesses have also signalled that they have, or plan to, lay off staff due to increased taxes set to come into force in the next financial year.

Unemployment Rate in Brazil decreased to 5.40 percent in October from 5.60 percent in September of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Brazil Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Virginia had 263,000 job openings in September 2023, compared to 264,000 openings in August.The ratio of unemployed persons per job opening in Virginia was 0.4 in September. The ratio has been less than 1.0 in Virginia since January 2021. Nationwide, 40 states and the District of Columbia had ratios in September that were lower than the national ratio of 0.7 unemployed persons per job opening; 7 states had ratios that were higher than the national ratio, and 3 states had ratios equal to the national measure.In September, Virginia had 163,000 hires and 145,000 separations, compared to 154,000 hires and 158,000 separations in August.Over the 12 months ending in September, hires have averaged 172,000 per month and separations have averaged 163,000 per month. These averages include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.Among the September separations in Virginia, 100,000 were quits and 40,000 were layoffs and discharges, compared to 108,000 quits and 40,000 layoffs and discharges in August.Over the last 12 months, quits averaged 111,000 per month, ranging from 95,000 to 134,000. Layoffs and discharges have averaged 44,000 per month, ranging from 33,000 to 59,000.

Unemployment Rate in Turkey decreased to 8.50 percent in October from 8.60 percent in September of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Among European Union countries in July 2025, Spain had the highest unemployment rate at 10.4 percent, followed by Finland at 10 percent. By contrast, Malta has the lowest unemployment rate in Europe, at 2.6 percent. The overall rate of unemployment in the European Union was 5.9 percent in the same month - a historical low-point for unemployment in the EU, which had been at over 10 percent for much of the 2010s.

Background
The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a unique source of information using international definitions of employment and unemployment and economic inactivity, together with a wide range of related topics such as occupation, training, hours of work and personal characteristics of household members aged 16 years and over. It is used to inform social, economic and employment policy. The LFS was first conducted biennially from 1973-1983. Between 1984 and 1991 the survey was carried out annually and consisted of a quarterly survey conducted throughout the year and a 'boost' survey in the spring quarter (data were then collected seasonally). From 1992 quarterly data were made available, with a quarterly sample size approximately equivalent to that of the previous annual data. The survey then became known as the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS). From December 1994, data gathering for Northern Ireland moved to a full quarterly cycle to match the rest of the country, so the QLFS then covered the whole of the UK (though some additional annual Northern Ireland LFS datasets are also held at the UK Data Archive). Further information on the background to the QLFS may be found in the documentation.

Household datasets
Up to 2015, the LFS household datasets were produced twice a year (April-June and October-December) from the corresponding quarter's individual-level data. From January 2015 onwards, they are now produced each quarter alongside the main QLFS. The household datasets include all the usual variables found in the individual-level datasets, with the exception of those relating to income, and are intended to facilitate the analysis of the economic activity patterns of whole households. It is recommended that the existing individual-level LFS datasets continue to be used for any analysis at individual level, and that the LFS household datasets be used for analysis involving household or family-level data. From January 2011, a pseudonymised household identifier variable (HSERIALP) is also included in the main quarterly LFS dataset instead.

Change to coding of missing values for household series
From 1996-2013, all missing values in the household datasets were set to one '-10' category instead of the separate '-8' and '-9' categories. For that period, the ONS introduced a new imputation process for the LFS household datasets and it was necessary to code the missing values into one new combined category ('-10'), to avoid over-complication. This was also in line with the Annual Population Survey household series of the time. The change was applied to the back series during 2010 to ensure continuity for analytical purposes. From 2013 onwards, the -8 and -9 categories have been reinstated.

LFS Documentation
The documentation available from the Archive to accompany LFS datasets largely consists of the latest version of each volume alongside the appropriate questionnaire for the year concerned. However, LFS volumes are updated periodically by ONS, so users are advised to check the ONS LFS User Guidance page before commencing analysis.

Additional data derived from the QLFS
The Archive also holds further QLFS series: End User Licence (EUL) quarterly datasets; Secure Access datasets (see below); two-quarter and five-quarter longitudinal datasets; quarterly, annual and ad hoc module datasets compiled for Eurostat; and some additional annual Northern Ireland datasets.

End User Licence and Secure Access QLFS Household datasets
Users should note that there are two discrete versions of the QLFS household datasets. One is available under the standard End User Licence (EUL) agreement, and the other is a Secure Access version. Secure Access household datasets for the QLFS are available from 2009 onwards, and include additional, detailed variables not included in the standard EUL versions. Extra variables that typically can be found in the Secure Access versions but not in the EUL versions relate to: geography; date of birth, including day; education and training; household and family characteristics; employment; unemployment and job hunting; accidents at work and work-related health problems; nationality, national identity and country of birth; occurrence of learning difficulty or disability; and benefits. For full details of variables included, see data dictionary documentation. The Secure Access version (see SN 7674) has more restrictive access conditions than those made available under the standard EUL. Prospective users will need to gain ONS Accredited Researcher status, complete an extra application form and demonstrate to the data owners exactly why they need access to the additional variables. Users are strongly advised to first obtain the standard EUL version of the data to see if they are sufficient for their research requirements.

Changes to variables in QLFS Household EUL datasets
In order to further protect respondent confidentiality, ONS have made some changes to variables available in the EUL datasets. From July-September 2015 onwards, 4-digit industry class is available for main job only, meaning that 3-digit industry group is the most detailed level available for second and last job.

Review of imputation methods for LFS Household data - changes to missing values
A review of the imputation methods used in LFS Household and Family analysis resulted in a change from the January-March 2015 quarter onwards. It was no longer considered appropriate to impute any personal characteristic variables (e.g. religion, ethnicity, country of birth, nationality, national identity, etc.) using the LFS donor imputation method. This method is primarily focused to ensure the 'economic status' of all individuals within a household is known, allowing analysis of the combined economic status of households. This means that from 2015 larger amounts of missing values ('-8'/-9') will be present in the data for these personal characteristic variables than before. Therefore if users need to carry out any time series analysis of households/families which also includes personal characteristic variables covering this time period, then it is advised to filter off 'ioutcome=3' cases from all periods to remove this inconsistent treatment of non-responders.

Occupation data for 2021 and 2022 data files

The ONS has identified an issue with the collection of some occupational data in 2021 and 2022 data files in a number of their surveys. While they estimate any impacts will be small overall, this will affect the accuracy of the breakdowns of some detailed (four-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)) occupations, and data derived from them. Further information can be found in the ONS article published on 11 July 2023: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/revisionofmiscodedoccupationaldataintheonslabourforcesurveyuk/january2021toseptember2022" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022.

Abstract

The Turkish National Employment Agency (ISKUR) provides services for individuals who register as unemployed through 109 offices in 81 provinces. The impact evaluation study was designed by researchers from the World Bank to evaluate the impact of the ISKUR vocational training programs. These programs average 336 hours over three months are available for a wide range of subjects, and are offered by both private and public providers. These training services were provided to over 250,000 registered unemployed in 2011.

The Turkey Vocational Training Program for the Unemployed Impact Evaluation 2010-2012 was the first randomized experiment of a large-scale vocational training program for the general unemployed population (not just for disadvantaged youth) in a developing country. The program was able to trace longer-term impacts up to three years post-training, by complementing a follow-up survey with administrative data from the social security agency. A sample of 5,902 applicants was randomly allocated to treatment and control groups within 130 separate courses. Excess demand among the unemployed for many of the courses offered by ISKUR provided the possibility for an over-subscription design. The evaluation was carried out in collaboration with ISKUR and under the guidance of the Ministry of Labor.

The baseline survey took place between 13 September, 2010, and 31 January, 2011. The follow-up survey was implemented approximately one year after the end of training, between December 27, 2011, and March 5, 2012. It collected data on employment outcomes, as well as individual and household well-being.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Vocational programs' students,
• Vocational programs' staff

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The selection of provinces for evaluation began with a list of the 39 provinces which had at least two significantly oversubscribed training courses in 2009. These provinces were first stratified by whether they had an unemployment rate above or below the median of 10 percent in 2009. Ten provinces were then randomly selected from each strata with probability proportional to the percentage of individuals trained in 2009. Three additional provinces (Antalya, Gaziantep, and Diyarbakir) were included in the sample at the request of ISKUR because of their importance in representing varying labor market conditions across Turkey. As a result, 23 provinces were selected for inclusion in the evaluation.

Power calculations gave a target sample size of 5,700 individuals. This target was divided among the 23 provinces in proportion to the number of trainees in these provinces in the previous year. Thus Istanbul accounts for 21.8 percent of the sample, Kocaeli, Ankara and Hatay collectively 28 percent, and the remaining half of the sample is split among the other 19 provinces.

The evaluation team worked with regional ISKUR offices to determine the actual courses from within each province to be included in the evaluation. The key criteria used to decide which courses to include in the evaluation were i) the likelihood of the course being oversubscribed (which ensures the most popular types of training, for which there would be demand for further scale-up, are included); ii) inclusion of a diversity of types of training providers to enable comparison of private and public course provision; and iii) course starting and ending dates. The evaluation includes courses that started between October and December 2010 and finished by May 2011 (75 percent had finished by the end of February 2011). The timing of the evaluation was determined by the fact that it tends to be a time of year when people in Turkey are more likely to seek training through ISKUR.

This resulted in a set of 130 evaluation courses spread throughout Turkey, of which 39 were offered by private providers and the remainder were mainly government-operated. Courses were advertised and potential trainees applied to them following standard procedures. Applications were then screened to ensure they met the eligibility criteria of ISKUR and the course provider. Training providers were then asked to select a list of potential trainees that was at least 2.2 times capacity.

The ISKUR Management Information System (MIS) stratified applicants for each course by gender and whether or not they were less than 25 years old. Within these strata, the MIS randomly allocated trainees at the individual level into one of three groups: a treatment group who were selected for training, a control group who were not, and a waitlisted group who the training provider could select into the training if there were drop-outs. Since training providers are paid on the basis of number actually trained, if individuals assigned to treatment drop out of training, providers look to quickly fill in the empty spots.

The final evaluation sample consisted of 5,902 applicants, of which 3,001 were allocated to treatment and 2,901 to control groups. There were 173 individuals who applied to more than one course.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Response rate

Baseline: 90% Follow-up: 94%

Unemployment Rate in Canada decreased to 6.90 percent in October from 7.10 percent in September of 2025. This dataset provides - Canada Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.