In 2021, around **** million people were estimated to be living in the urban area of Shanghai. Shanghai was the largest city in China in 2021, followed by Beijing, with around **** million inhabitants. The rise of the new first-tier cities The past decades have seen widespread and rapid urbanization and demographic transition in China. While the four first-tier megacities, namely Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, are still highly attractive to people and companies due to their strong ability to synergize the competitive economic and social resources, some lower-tier cities are already facing declining populations, especially those in the northeastern region. Below the original four first-tier cities, 15 quickly developing cities are sharing the cake of the moving population with improving business vitality and GDP growth potential. These new first-tier cities are either municipalities directly under the central government, such as Chongqing and Tianjin, or regional central cities and provincial capitals, like Chengdu and Wuhan, or open coastal cities in the economically developed eastern regions. From urbanization to metropolitanization As more and more Chinese people migrate to large cities for better opportunities and quality of life, the ongoing urbanization has further evolved into metropolitanization. Among those metropolitans, Shenzhen's population exceeded **** million in 2020, a nearly ** percent increase from a decade ago, compared to eight percent in the already densely populated Shanghai. However, with people rushing into the big-four cities, the cost of housing, and other living standards, are soaring. As of 2020, the average sales price for residential real estate in Shenzhen exceeded ****** yuan per square meter. As a result, the fast-growing and more cost-effective new first-tier cities would be more appealing in the coming years. Furthermore, Shanghai and Beijing have set plans to control the size of their population to ** and ** million, respectively, before 2035.

Population: Education Level: College & Higher: Shanghai data was reported at 3.541 Person th in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8,424.214 Person th for 2020. Population: Education Level: College & Higher: Shanghai data is updated yearly, averaging 3.959 Person th from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2021, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,424.214 Person th in 2020 and a record low of 1.273 Person th in 1997. Population: Education Level: College & Higher: Shanghai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: Level of Education: By Region.

Population: Shanghai: Pudong New data was reported at 5,811.100 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,782.000 Person th for 2022. Population: Shanghai: Pudong New data is updated yearly, averaging 5,451.200 Person th from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2023, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,096.100 Person th in 2021 and a record low of 1,848.000 Person th in 2005. Population: Shanghai: Pudong New data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GW: Population: Municipality District.

As of 2023, about **** percent of the population of Shanghai municipality in China were 65 years and older. This share is expected to grow rapidly in the coming decades. Shanghai is one of the four first tier cities in China, the other three being Beijing, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou.

Population: District under City: Household Registration: Shanghai data was reported at 15,040.000 Person th in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 14,574.400 Person th for 2021. Population: District under City: Household Registration: Shanghai data is updated yearly, averaging 14,500.000 Person th from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2022, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15,040.000 Person th in 2022 and a record low of 13,433.700 Person th in 2010. Population: District under City: Household Registration: Shanghai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: District under City.

As of 2023, the bulk of the Chinese population was aged between 25 and 59 years, amounting to around half of the population. A breakdown of the population by broad age groups reveals that around 61.3 percent of the total population was in working age between 16 and 59 years in 2023. Age cohorts below 25 years were considerably smaller, although there was a slight growth trend in recent years. Population development in China Population development in China over the past decades has been strongly influenced by political and economic factors. After a time of high fertility rates during the Maoist regime, China introduced birth-control measures in the 1970s, including the so-called one-child policy. The fertility rate dropped accordingly from around six children per woman in the 1960s to below two at the end of the 20th century. At the same time, life expectancy increased consistently. In the face of a rapidly aging society, the government gradually lifted the one-child policy after 2012, finally arriving at a three-child policy in 2021. However, like in most other developed countries nowadays, people in China are reluctant to have more than one or two children due to high costs of living and education, as well as changed social norms and private values. China’s top-heavy age pyramid The above-mentioned developments are clearly reflected in the Chinese age pyramid. The age cohorts between 30 and 39 years are the last two larger age cohorts. The cohorts between 15 and 24, which now enter childbearing age, are decisively smaller, which will have a negative effect on the number of births in the coming decade. When looking at a gender distribution of the population pyramid, a considerable gender gap among the younger age cohorts becomes visible, leaving even less room for growth in birth figures.

Population: Education Level: Primary: Shanghai data was reported at 3.099 Person th in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,966.844 Person th for 2020. Population: Education Level: Primary: Shanghai data is updated yearly, averaging 2.671 Person th from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,121.808 Person th in 2010 and a record low of 2.112 Person th in 2003. Population: Education Level: Primary: Shanghai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: Level of Education: By Region.

Population: Non-natural Change: Shanghai data was reported at 187.700 Person th in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 237.500 Person th for 2021. Population: Non-natural Change: Shanghai data is updated yearly, averaging 98.400 Person th from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 237.500 Person th in 2021 and a record low of 57.700 Person th in 2014. Population: Non-natural Change: Shanghai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Non-natural Change.

Population: Shanghai: Usual Residence data was reported at 24,802.600 Person th in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 24,874.500 Person th for 2023. Population: Shanghai: Usual Residence data is updated yearly, averaging 16,683.300 Person th from Dec 1978 (Median) to 2024, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24,894.300 Person th in 2021 and a record low of 11,040.000 Person th in 1978. Population: Shanghai: Usual Residence data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City.

China is a vast and diverse country and population density in different regions varies greatly. In 2023, the estimated population density of the administrative area of Shanghai municipality reached about 3,922 inhabitants per square kilometer, whereas statistically only around three people were living on one square kilometer in Tibet. Population distribution in China China's population is unevenly distributed across the country: while most people are living in the southeastern half of the country, the northwestern half – which includes the provinces and autonomous regions of Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia – is only sparsely populated. Even the inhabitants of a single province might be unequally distributed within its borders. This is significantly influenced by the geography of each region, and is especially the case in the Guangdong, Fujian, or Sichuan provinces due to their mountain ranges. The Chinese provinces with the largest absolute population size are Guangdong in the south, Shandong in the east and Henan in Central China. Urbanization and city population Urbanization is one of the main factors which have been reshaping China over the last four decades. However, when comparing the size of cities and urban population density, one has to bear in mind that data often refers to the administrative area of cities or urban units, which might be much larger than the contiguous built-up area of that city. The administrative area of Beijing municipality, for example, includes large rural districts, where only around 200 inhabitants are living per square kilometer on average, while roughly 20,000 residents per square kilometer are living in the two central city districts. This is the main reason for the huge difference in population density between the four Chinese municipalities Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing shown in many population statistics.

Population: Outflow: Shanghai data was reported at 24.000 Person th in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 28.400 Person th for 2021. Population: Outflow: Shanghai data is updated yearly, averaging 42.900 Person th from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 60.600 Person th in 2013 and a record low of 24.000 Person th in 2022. Population: Outflow: Shanghai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Non-natural Change.

Population: Household Registration: Death Rate: Shanghai data was reported at 9.780 ‰ in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.020 ‰ for 2021. Population: Household Registration: Death Rate: Shanghai data is updated yearly, averaging 7.850 ‰ from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.780 ‰ in 2022 and a record low of 7.050 ‰ in 2001. Population: Household Registration: Death Rate: Shanghai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Household Registration: Natural Growth Rate.

Population: Household Registration: Natural Change: Shanghai data was reported at -78.400 Person th in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of -64.800 Person th for 2021. Population: Household Registration: Natural Change: Shanghai data is updated yearly, averaging -16.800 Person th from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.200 Person th in 2016 and a record low of -78.400 Person th in 2022. Population: Household Registration: Natural Change: Shanghai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Household Registration: Natural Change.

Population: Household Registration: Male: Shanghai data was reported at 7,423.900 Person th in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,375.400 Person th for 2021. Population: Household Registration: Male: Shanghai data is updated yearly, averaging 7,063.700 Person th from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,423.900 Person th in 2022 and a record low of 6,655.100 Person th in 2000. Population: Household Registration: Male: Shanghai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Household Registration: By Sex.

Population: Shanghai: Qingpu data was reported at 1,278.800 Person th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,265.600 Person th for 2022. Population: Shanghai: Qingpu data is updated yearly, averaging 1,205.300 Person th from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2023, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,292.700 Person th in 2021 and a record low of 455.000 Person th in 2005. Population: Shanghai: Qingpu data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GW: Population: Municipality District.

Human-wildlife interactions become increasingly common in urban areas across all continents and ecosystem types. Depending on the context, human-wildlife interactions can be categorized as harmonious, neutral, or in conflict and raise cultural, economic, and ecological challenges in maintaining urban biodiversity. Understanding the mechanism behind the tolerance of residents to the presence of wildlife is vital to promoting a harmonious coexistence between humans and wildlife in urban environments. To advance our knowledge of this mechanism, we developed a questionnaire to survey residents in Shanghai, China about their knowledge of and attitude towards raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), a species whose population is increasing in urban areas. Using 281 questionnaires, we conducted structural equation modeling to examine how relational values, including familiarity with raccoon dogs, perceived benefits and risks, together with residents’ trust in wildlife management authorities, i..., We developed a questionnaire and conducted a survey during April-June 2021 to investigate people’s knowledge, attitude, and tolerance towards raccoon dogs. Because the Wildlife Tolerance Model (WTM) described by Kansky et al. (2016) provided a theoretical framework for identifying the key drivers (e.g. cost, benefits) of people’s tolerance for wildlife, we followed and revised Kansky et al. (2016) to develop our questionnaire. We considered demographic variables including gender, age, and education as external variables because we hypothesized that these factors potentially influence residents' familiarity with raccoon dogs and their trust in the ability of wildlife management authorities (Table 1). We also included four variables of human dimensions, including familiarity with raccoon dogs, trust in the ability of wildlife management authorities, and perceived benefits and risks of raccoon dogs, to explain the tolerance of residents toward raccoon dogs (Table 1). We designed multiple c..., , # Shanghai residents attitudes towards raccoon dogs

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fj6q57430

Description of the data and file structure

Latent variable Measurement variables Questions in Survey Scale

Gender: What is your gender? 1=Female 2=Male

Age: What is your age? 1=18-30Â 2=31-50Â 3=51-70Â 4=70+

Education: What is your highest degree? 1=High school education and below 2=College degree 3=Bachelor's degree 4=Master's degree 5=Doctoral degree and above

Familiarity contact: Have you had any contact with raccoon dogs in your life? What level of contact? 1=No contact at all 2=I heard that the community has, but have not seen it in person 3=Seen with my own eyes, but did not touch 4=fed 5=touched/chased by raccoon dogs

knowledge: Which of the following statements do you think best fits what you know about raccoon dogs? 1=I don't know anything about raccoon dogs at all. 2=I know enough about raccoon dogs to make a judgment. 3=I have a basic ...

Population: Household Registration: Birth Rate: Shanghai data was reported at 4.550 ‰ in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.660 ‰ for 2021. Population: Household Registration: Birth Rate: Shanghai data is updated yearly, averaging 6.620 ‰ from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.040 ‰ in 2016 and a record low of 4.280 ‰ in 2003. Population: Household Registration: Birth Rate: Shanghai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Household Registration: Natural Growth Rate.

In 2024, about 943.5 million people lived in urban regions in China and 464.8 million in rural. That year, the country had a total population of approximately 1.41 billion people. As of 2024, China was the second most populous country in the world. Urbanization in China Urbanization refers to the process by which people move from rural to urban areas and how a society adapts to the population shift. It is usually seen as a driving force in economic growth, accompanied by industrialization, modernization and the spread of education. Urbanization levels tend to be higher in industrial countries, whereas the degree of urbanization in developing countries remains relatively low. According to World Bank, a mere 19.4 percent of the Chinese population had been living in urban areas in 1980. Since then, China’s urban population has skyrocketed. By 2024, about 67 percent of the Chinese population lived in urban areas. Regional urbanization rates In the last decades, urbanization has progressed greatly in every region of China. Even in most of the more remote Chinese provinces, the urbanization rate surpassed 50 percent in recent years. However, the most urbanized areas are still to be found in the coastal eastern and southern regions of China. The population of Shanghai, the largest city in China and the world’s seventh largest city ranged at around 24 million people in 2023. China’s urban areas are characterized by a developing middle class. Per capita disposable income of Chinese urban households has more than doubled between 2010 and 2020. The emerging middle class is expected to become a significant driver for the continuing growth of the Chinese economy.

Population: Household Registration: Number of Death: Shanghai data was reported at 146.600 Person th in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 133.900 Person th for 2021. Population: Household Registration: Number of Death: Shanghai data is updated yearly, averaging 111.100 Person th from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 146.600 Person th in 2022 and a record low of 93.400 Person th in 2001. Population: Household Registration: Number of Death: Shanghai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Household Registration: Natural Change.

Elderly Dependency Ratio(Sample Survey): Shanghai data was reported at 23.990 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 22.020 % for 2020. Elderly Dependency Ratio(Sample Survey): Shanghai data is updated yearly, averaging 17.850 % from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2021, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.990 % in 2021 and a record low of 9.400 % in 2011. Elderly Dependency Ratio(Sample Survey): Shanghai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GA: Population: Sample Survey: Elderly Dependency Ratio: By Region.