As of June 2024, there were around 3.09 million ethnic Chinese residents in Singapore. Singapore is a multi-ethnic society, with residents categorized into four main racial groups: Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Others. Each resident is assigned a racial category that follows the paternal side. This categorization would have an impact on both official as well as private matters. Modelling a peaceful, multi-ethnic society The racial categorization used in Singapore stemmed from its colonial past and continues to shape its social policies, from public housing quotas along the ethnic composition in the country to education policies pertaining second language, or ‘mother tongue’, instruction. Despite the emphasis on ethnicity and race, Singapore has managed to maintain a peaceful co-existence among its diverse population. Most Singaporeans across ethnic levels view the level of racial and religious harmony there to be moderately high. The level of acceptance and comfort with having people of other ethnicities in their social lives was also relatively high across the different ethnic groups. Are Singaporeans ready to move away from the CMIO model of ethnic classification? In recent times, however, there has been more open discussion on racism and the relevance of the CMIO (Chinese, Malay, Indian, Others) ethnic model for Singaporean society. The global discourse on racism has brought to attention the latent discrimination felt by the minority ethnic groups in Singapore, such as in the workplace. In 2010, Singapore introduced the option of having a ‘double-barreled’ race classification, reflecting the increasingly diverse and complicated ethnic background of its population. More than a decade later, there have been calls to do away from such racial classifications altogether. However, with social identity and policy deeply entrenched along these lines, it would be a challenge to move beyond race in Singapore.

Additional file 2. Known Chondrichthyes species diversity in Singapore, compiled from museum records and sighting reports marked with ‘✔’, and from eDNA metabarcoding marked with ‘➕’. Taxonomic assignments, read counts and database match information are indicated only for MOTUs detected by eDNA in this study.

According to a survey on racial and religious harmony in Singapore, **** percent of respondents whose ethnicity was categorized as "Others" in Singapore claimed that they agreed with the statement that they liked meeting and getting to know people from other religious groups than their own.

Singapore is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society, with citizens categorized into four main ethnic groups, known as CMIO: Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Others. Those categorized under the "Others" include Eurasians, Caucasians, Arabs, and Filipinos, among others. Those from an ethnic Chinese background make up the majority of the population in Singapore. Singapore is also one of the world's most religiously diverse societies, with *** officially recognized religions.

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Hamer, Matthew T., Lee, Jonathan Hon Chung, Tse, Cheung Yau Leo, Silva, Thiago S. R., Guénard, Benoit (2022): Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology (e 015006) 15: 1-152, DOI: 10.20362/am.015006, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11212378

The Coral Triangle is widely considered the most important centre of marine biodiversity in Asia while areas on its periphery such as the South China Sea, have received much less interest. Here, we demonstrate that a small population of the knobbly sea star Protoreaster nodosus in Singapore has similarly high levels of genetic diversity as comparable Indonesian populations from the Coral Triangle. The high genetic diversity of this population is remarkable because it is maintained despite decades of continued anthropogenic disturbance. We postulate that it is probably due to broadcast spawning which is likely to maintain high levels of population connectivity. To test this, we analysed 6140 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for Singapore's populations and demonstrate a pattern of near panmixia. We here document a second case of high genetic diversity and low genetic structure for a broadcast spawner in Singapore, which suggests that such species have high resilience ...

e, mean expected heterozygosity; R, mean allelic richness; FIS, mean inbreeding co-efficient excluding locus Km071 (frequency null alleles ∼0.30); r (0–10 m), average relatedness (r, Queller & Goodnight 1989) for the 0–10 m distance class; Sp, spatial genetic structure intensity (approximate 95% confidence intervals); M, M-values for adult cohort (Ma), and for the seedling plus sapling cohorts combined (Ms); tm, outcrossing rate and tm-ts, biparental inbreeding rates (standard deviations in parentheses). a and b indicate significant differences between age classes (p

In the census data from Singapore in 2020, **** percent of the resident population claimed to be Buddhists. Singapore is a multi-religious society with five main religious groups: Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity.

A survey conducted among employees in Singapore in 2023 found that ** percent of Gen Z employees and job-seekers stated that they would reject a job offer from a company that was not making efforts to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion. In comparison, Gen X respondents were least likely to do so.

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Tan, Ming Kai (2022): The diversity and taxonomy of Aphonoidini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae) from Singapore. Zootaxa 5209 (4): 441-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.4.3

South Asia possesses a significant amount of genetic diversity due to considerable intergroup differences in culture and language. There have been numerous reports on the genetic structure of Asian Indians, although these have mostly relied on genotyping microarrays or targeted sequencing of the mitochondria and Y chromosomes. Asian Indians in Singapore are primarily descendants of immigrants from Dravidian-language–speaking states in south India, and 38 individuals from the general population underwent deep whole-genome sequencing with a target coverage of 30X as part of the Singapore Sequencing Indian Project (SSIP). The genetic structure and diversity of these samples were compared against samples from the Singapore Sequencing Malay Project and populations in Phase 1 of the 1,000 Genomes Project (1 KGP). SSIP samples exhibited greater intra-population genetic diversity and possessed higher heterozygous-to-homozygous genotype ratio than other Asian populations. When compared against a panel of well-defined Asian Indians, the genetic makeup of the SSIP samples was closely related to South Indians. However, even though the SSIP samples clustered distinctly from the Europeans in the global population structure analysis with autosomal SNPs, eight samples were assigned to mitochondrial haplogroups that were predominantly present in Europeans and possessed higher European admixture than the remaining samples. An analysis of the relative relatedness between SSIP with two archaic hominins (Denisovan, Neanderthal) identified higher ancient admixture in East Asian populations than in SSIP. The data resource for these samples is publicly available and is expected to serve as a valuable complement to the South Asian samples in Phase 3 of 1 KGP.

According to a survey conducted in Southeast Asia in 2023, ** percent of the respondents in the Philippines indicated that their company actively considered workplace diversity while making recruitment/hiring decisions. In comparison, ** percent of the respondents in Singapore shared this sentiment about their workplace's hiring process.

Bees and the ecosystem services they provide are vital to urban ecosystems, but little is understood about their distributions, particularly in the Asian tropics. This is largely due to taxonomic impediments and limited inventorying, monitoring, and digitization of occurrence records. While expert collections (EC) are demonstrably insufficient by themselves as a data source to model and understand bee distributions, the boom of community science (CS) in urban areas provides an untapped opportunity to learn about bee distributions within our cities. We used CS observations in combination with EC observations to model the distribution of bees in Singapore, a small tropical city-state in Southeast Asia. To address the restricted spatial context, we performed multiple bias corrections and show that species distribution models performed well when estimating the distribution of habitat specialists with distinct range limits detectable within Singapore. We successfully modelled 37 bee species,..., Observations were obtained from both CS and EC databases (Table 1). EC observations were defined as those collected by individuals possessing specialised knowledge and experience in the study of bees, including formall-trained students in entomology and researchers associated with the National University of Singapore Insect Diversity Laboratory (PI Ascher), using targeted and standardised sampling methods (Ascher et al., 2019) supplemented by opportunistic sampling. This dataset was the primary basis for recent conservation assessments (Ascher et al., 2022). CS sources were defined as observations collected in large part by non-experts or non-formally trained individuals through open access repositories, such as iNaturalist (Robinson et al., 2020) and social media - specifically from the Facebook Group “The Bees and Wasps of Singapore†(https://www.facebook.com/groups/1450495321695805). Observations can be submitted by anyone to iNaturalist, which are then publicly available for other u..., , # Community science enhances modelled bee distributions in a tropical Asian city

Description of the data and file structure

Observations were obtained from both community science(CS) and expert-collected(EC) databases (Table 1). EC observations were defined as those collected by individuals possessing specialised knowledge and experience in the study of bees, including formally-trained students in entomology and researchers associated with the National University of Singapore Insect Diversity Laboratory (PI Ascher), using targeted and standardised sampling methods (Ascher et al., 2019) supplemented by opportunistic sampling. This dataset was the primary basis for recent conservation assessments (Ascher et al., 2022). CS sources were defined as observations collected in large part by non-experts or non-formally trained individuals through open access repositories, such as iNaturalist (Robinson et al., 2020) and social media - specifically from the Facebook Group “The Bees and Wasps ...

According to a survey on racial and religious harmony in Singapore, **** percent of respondents stated that in the last year, they had never felt upset by their neighbors cooking ethnic food.

Singapore is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society, with citizens categorized into four main ethnic groups, known as CMIO: Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Others. Those categorized under the "Others" include Eurasians, Caucasians, Arabs, and Filipinos, among others. Those from an ethnic Chinese background make up the majority of the population in Singapore. Singapore is also one of the world's most religiously diverse societies, with *** officially recognized religions.

Methanogenic Archaea (methanogens) are a phylogenetically diverse group of microorganisms and are considered to be the most abundant archaeal representatives in the human gut. However, the gut methanogen diversity of human populations in many global regions remains poorly investigated. Here, we report the abundance and diversity of gut methanogenic Archaea in a multi-ethnic cohort of healthy Singaporeans by using a concerted approach of metagenomic sequencing, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and quantitative PCR. Our results indicate a mutual exclusion of Methanobrevibacter species, i.e. the highly prevalent Methanobrevibacter smithii and the less prevalent Candidatus Methanobrevibacter intestini in more than 80% of the samples when using an amplicon sequencing-based approach. Leveraging on this finding, we were able to select a fecal sample to isolate a representative strain, TLL-48-HuF1, for Candidatus Methanobrevibacter intestini. The analysed physiological parameters of M. smithii DSM 861^T and strain TLL-48-HuF1 suggest high similarity of the two species. Comparative genome analysis and the mutual exclusion of the Methanobrevibacter species indicate potentially different niche adaptation strategies in the human host, which may support the designation of Candidatus M. intestini as a novel species. The deposited data are methanogen MAGs that were obtained through high-throughput sequencing of the samples.

The Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species (GRIIS) presents validated and verified national checklists of introduced (alien) and invasive alien species at the country, territory, and associated island level.

Checklists are living entities, especially for biological invasions given the growing nature of the problem. GRIIS checklists are based on a published methodology and supported by the Integrated Publishing Tool that jointly enable ongoing improvements and updates to expand their taxonomic coverage and completeness.

Phase 1 of the project focused on developing validated and verified checklists of countries that are Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Phase 2 aimed to achieve global coverage including non-party countries and all overseas territories of countries, e.g. those of the Netherlands, France, and the United Kingdom.

All kingdoms of organisms occurring in all environments and systems are covered.

Checklists are reviewed and verified by networks of country or species experts. Verified checklists/ species records, as well as those under review, are presented on the online GRIIS website (www.griis.org) in addition to being published through the GBIF Integrated Publishing Tool.

According to a survey on racial and religious harmony in Singapore, **** percent of Chinese respondents stated that they had never felt discriminated against in the workplace or at work. By comparison, **** percent of Malay respondents stated that they never felt discriminated against at work.

Singapore is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society, with citizens categorized into four main ethnic groups, known as CMIO: Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Others. Those categorized under the "Others" include Eurasians, Caucasians, Arabs, and Filipinos, among others. Those from an ethnic Chinese background make up the majority of the population in Singapore.

This chart offers an insightful look at the store count by category in Singapore. Leading the way is Apparel, with 4.98K stores, which is 14.00% of the total stores in the region. Next is Food & Drink, contributing 4.89K stores, or 13.74% of the region's total. Home & Garden also has a notable presence, with 4.84K stores, making up 13.61% of the store count in Singapore. This breakdown provides a clear picture of the diverse retail landscape in Singapore, showcasing the variety and scale of stores across different categories.

According to a survey on racial and religious harmony in Singapore, ** percent of Chinese respondents agreed that Singapore was free of religious tension. This figure was at **** percent for Malay respondents, and **** percent of Indian respondents. Singapore is one of the world's most religiously diverse societies, with *** officially recognized religions.

The Singapore ICT market, valued at $47.88 million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by increasing digitalization across various sectors and the government's strong push for Smart Nation initiatives. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.31% from 2025 to 2033 indicates a significant expansion of the market, exceeding $80 million by 2033. Key drivers include the rising adoption of cloud computing, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence across BFSI, IT and Telecom, and the Government sectors. The increasing penetration of 5G technology and the burgeoning e-commerce landscape further fuel this growth. While data privacy concerns and cybersecurity threats pose challenges, the proactive regulatory environment and strong investments in digital infrastructure mitigate these risks. The market segmentation reveals strong demand across various enterprise sizes (SMEs and Large Enterprises), with significant opportunities in hardware, software, IT services, and telecommunication services. Leading players like Amazon, IBM, Cognizant, and local telecommunication giants are actively shaping this dynamic landscape through innovative solutions and strategic partnerships. The substantial growth trajectory of the Singapore ICT market is further underpinned by its strategic location as a regional tech hub. This attracts significant foreign investment and fosters innovation. The market's diverse segments offer lucrative opportunities for both established players and emerging startups. However, maintaining a competitive edge requires continuous adaptation to evolving technological advancements and a focus on delivering value-added services that address specific industry needs. Future growth hinges on successfully navigating the complexities of data security, talent acquisition, and the integration of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain. The government's continued support for digital transformation initiatives will remain crucial in sustaining this positive market momentum. Recent developments include: September 2022: StarHub introduced a special Premier League-focused subject center on Yahoo Singapore, which was agreed upon, according to StarHub and Yahoo. The site would serve as a one-stop shop for devoted Premier League fans because it would feature all the latest news, results, analysis, and player transactions for the 2022–2023 season., March 2022: SAP Singapore introduced the opening of SAP Labs Singapore. The new SAP Labs Network facility would enhance SAP solutions in the digital supply chain, intelligent business network, and sustainability by catalyzing deep technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning.. Key drivers for this market are: Government Spending aiding Digital Transformation, Robust 5G Growth. Potential restraints include: Government Spending aiding Digital Transformation, Robust 5G Growth. Notable trends are: Government Spending aiding Digital Transformation.

The biodiversity of tropical forests consists primarily of small organisms that are difficult to detect and characterize. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods can facilitate analyses of these arthropod and microbial communities, leading to a better understanding of existing diversity and factors influencing community assembly. The pitchers of carnivorous pitcher plants often house surprisingly discrete communities, and provide ideal systems for analysis using a NGS approach. The plants digest insects in order to access essential nutrients while growing in poor soils; however, the pitchers are also home to communities of living organisms, called inquilines. Certain arthropods appear to have coevolved with their pitcher plant hosts, and are not found in other environments. We used Illumina amplicon sequencing of 18S rDNA to characterize the eukaryotes in three species of Nepenthes pitcher plants: N. gracilis, N. rafflesiana, and N. ampullaria, in each of three different parks in Singapore. The data reveal an unexpected diversity of eukaryotes, significant differences in community diversity among host species, variation in host specificity of inquilines, and the presence of gregarine parasites. Counts of whole inquiline arthropods from the first collection year are roughly correlated with scaled 18S sequence abundances, indicating that amplicon sequencing is an effective means of gauging community structure. We barcoded a subset of the dipteran larvae using COI primers, and the resulting phylogenetic tree is mostly congruent with that found using the 18S locus, with the exception of one of five morphospecies. For many 18S and COI sequences, the best BLASTn matches showed low sequence identity, illustrating the need for better databases of Southeast Asian dipterans. Finally, networks of core arthropods and their host species were used to investigate degree of host specificity across multiple hosts, and this revealed significant specialization of certain arthropod fauna.