House prices grew year-on-year in most states in the U.S. in the first quarter of 2025. Hawaii was the only exception, with a decline of **** percent. The annual appreciation for single-family housing in the U.S. was **** percent, while in Rhode Island—the state where homes appreciated the most—the increase was ******percent. How have home prices developed in recent years? House price growth in the U.S. has been going strong for years. In 2025, the median sales price of a single-family home exceeded ******* U.S. dollars, up from ******* U.S. dollars five years ago. One of the factors driving house prices was the cost of credit. The record-low federal funds effective rate allowed mortgage lenders to set mortgage interest rates as low as *** percent. With interest rates on the rise, home buying has also slowed, causing fluctuations in house prices. Why are house prices growing? Many markets in the U.S. are overheated because supply has not been able to keep up with demand. How many homes enter the housing market depends on the construction output, whereas the availability of existing homes for purchase depends on many other factors, such as the willingness of owners to sell. Furthermore, growing investor appetite in the housing sector means that prospective homebuyers have some extra competition to worry about. In certain metros, for example, the share of homes bought by investors exceeded ** percent in 2025.

The average price per square foot of floor space in new single-family housing in the United States decreased after the great financial crisis, followed by several years of stagnation. Since 2012, the price has continuously risen, hitting 168 U.S. dollars per square foot in 2022. In 2024, the average sales price of a new home exceeded 500,000 U.S. dollars. Development of house sales in the U.S. One of the reasons for rising property prices is the gradual growth of house sales between 2011 and 2020. This period was marked by the gradual recovery following the subprime mortgage crisis and a growing housing sentiment. Another significant factor for the housing demand was the growing number of new household formations each year. Despite this trend, housing transactions plummeted in 2021, amid soaring prices and borrowing costs. In 2021, the average construction cost for single-family housing rose by nearly 12 percent year-on-year, and in 2022, the increase was even higher, at close to 17 percent. Financing a house purchase Mortgage interest rates in the U.S. rose dramatically in 2022 and remained elevated until 2024. In 2020, a homebuyer could lock in a 30-year fixed interest rate of under three percent, whereas in 2024, the average rate for the same mortgage type was more than twice higher. That has led to a decline in homebuyer sentiment, and an increasing share of the population pessimistic about buying a home in the current market.

House prices grew year-on-year in most states in the U.S. in the third quarter of 2024. The District of Columbia was the only exception, with a decline of three percent. The annual appreciation for single-family housing in the U.S. was 0.71 percent, while in Hawaii—the state where homes appreciated the most—the increase exceeded 10 percent. How have home prices developed in recent years? House price growth in the U.S. has been going strong for years. In 2024, the median sales price of a single-family home exceeded 413,000 U.S. dollars, up from 277,000 U.S. dollars five years ago. One of the factors driving house prices was the cost of credit. The record-low federal funds effective rate allowed mortgage lenders to set mortgage interest rates as low as 2.3 percent. With interest rates on the rise, home buying has also slowed, causing fluctuations in house prices. Why are house prices growing? Many markets in the U.S. are overheated because supply has not been able to keep up with demand. How many homes enter the housing market depends on the construction output, whereas the availability of existing homes for purchase depends on many other factors, such as the willingness of owners to sell. Furthermore, growing investor appetite in the housing sector means that prospective homebuyers have some extra competition to worry about. In certain metros, for example, the share of homes bought by investors exceeded 20 percent in 2024.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates and Price Indexes; Contract Rate on 30-Year, Fixed-Rate Conventional One-to-Four-Family Residential Mortgage Commitments, Level (BOGZ1FL073165103A) from 1971 to 2024 about mortgage, liabilities, interest rate, interest, housing, rate, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

The average price per square foot of floor space in new single-family housing in the United States decreased after the great financial crisis, followed by several years of stagnation. Since 2012, the price has continuously risen, hitting ****** U.S. dollars per square foot in 2024. In 2024, the average sales price of a new home exceeded ******* U.S. dollars. Development of house sales in the U.S. One of the reasons for rising property prices is the gradual growth of house sales between 2011 and 2020. This period was marked by the gradual recovery following the subprime mortgage crisis and a growing housing sentiment. Another significant factor for the housing demand was the growing number of new household formations each year. Despite this trend, housing transactions plummeted in 2021, amid soaring prices and borrowing costs. In 2021, the average construction cost for single-family housing rose by nearly ** percent year-on-year, and in 2022, the increase was even higher, at close to ** percent. Financing a house purchase Mortgage interest rates in the U.S. rose dramatically in 2022 and remained elevated until 2024. In 2020, a homebuyer could lock in a 30-year fixed interest rate of under ***** percent, whereas in 2024, the average rate for the same mortgage type was more than twice higher. That has led to a decline in homebuyer sentiment, and an increasing share of the population pessimistic about buying a home in the current market.

Despite the pandemic's broader economic disruptions, low interest rates in 2020 initially fueled a housing market boom driven by work-from-home orders and a shift toward residential construction. This surge was a lifeline for builders amid economic turbulence. However, the tide turned in 2022 and 2023 as the Federal Reserve's interest rate hikes curbed housing investments, dampening consumer enthusiasm and slowing residential construction activity. Low housing stock and rate cuts late in 2024 led to growth in single-family housing starts, boosting revenue. Single-family home development climbed in more affordable and less densely populated areas in 2024, but new multifamily developments have plummeted. Industry revenue has been climbing at a CAGR of 0.8% over the past five years to total an estimated $233.5 billion in 2025, including an estimated increase of 0.2% in 2025 alone. The initial boom in 2020 and 2021 led to one of the most significant expansions in home-building in recent memory, yet interest rate hikes soon tempered this growth. As smaller-scale developers struggled with escalating construction costs and regulatory hurdles, larger, financially robust companies like DR Horton, Lennar and PulteGroup managed to thrive and expand their operations. These larger companies maximized their market share, leveraging their resources to navigate the challenging economic climate and maintain momentum despite the pressures of rising material costs and labor shortages. These rising material costs and labor shortages have driven up purchase and wage costs, contributing to profit declines over the past five years. Expected interest rate cuts will boost housing developers. Developers will benefit from these favorable conditions, especially those who strategically invest in less densely populated areas to meet the growing appetite for affordable housing. Rate cuts will also provide relief to smaller housing developers more sensitive to interest rate fluctuations. Sustainability also looms on the horizon, with tax incentives and energy-efficient building standards encouraging developers to explore eco-friendly construction. Still, rising material costs and labor shortages will continue to stifle profit growth and increase housing prices. Larger companies will continue to gain market share, strategically developing homes near areas with strong job growth near new large manufacturing facilities. Industry revenue is forecast to expand at a CAGR of 1.4% to total an estimated $250.6 billion through the end of 2030.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates and Price Indexes; Contract Rate on 30-Year, Fixed-Rate Conventional One-to-Four-Family Residential Mortgage Commitments, Level (BOGZ1FL073165103Q) from Q1 1971 to Q1 2025 about mortgage, liabilities, interest rate, interest, housing, rate, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

The detached house market, a significant segment of the residential real estate sector, is experiencing robust growth driven by several key factors. Strong population growth, particularly in suburban areas, coupled with increasing household incomes and a preference for larger living spaces, fuels demand. Low interest rates in recent years (though this is subject to change) have also stimulated buyer activity, further bolstering the market. However, supply chain constraints impacting construction materials and labor shortages have presented significant challenges, leading to higher construction costs and limited inventory. This has contributed to increased house prices and heightened competition among buyers. The market is segmented by size (e.g., single-story, multi-story), location (urban, suburban, rural), and price point (luxury, mid-range, entry-level), each segment exhibiting its own unique growth trajectory. While the current market is characterized by strong demand and higher prices, potential future economic downturns or shifts in interest rate policies represent key risks. Major players in the market, including Horton, Pulte Homes, and Invitation Homes, are adapting to these challenges through strategic land acquisitions, innovative construction techniques, and diversified rental portfolios. The forecast for the detached house market indicates continued expansion, albeit at a potentially moderated pace compared to recent years. Growth will likely be driven by ongoing population growth and the continued preference for single-family homes. Technological advancements in construction and sustainable building practices are anticipated to increase efficiency and address environmental concerns. However, affordability remains a major concern, potentially limiting market expansion, particularly for first-time homebuyers. Government regulations aimed at increasing housing affordability and addressing climate change will significantly influence the market's trajectory. The long-term outlook remains positive, contingent upon addressing supply chain challenges and managing economic volatility. Careful analysis of these factors is crucial for stakeholders to navigate the market effectively and make informed investment decisions.

The US residential real estate market, a cornerstone of the national economy, is projected to experience steady growth over the forecast period (2025-2033). While precise market size figures for 2019-2024 are unavailable, leveraging the provided 2.04% CAGR and considering typical market fluctuations, a reasonable estimate for the 2025 market size can be derived. Assuming a 2025 market size of $4 trillion (a conservative estimate considering the scale of the US housing market), the projected growth reflects ongoing demand fueled by population growth, urbanization, and a persistent need for housing across various price points. Key drivers include rising household formations, particularly among millennials and Gen Z, low interest rates (historically speaking) stimulating borrowing, and ongoing investment in infrastructure improvements that enhances desirability in certain areas. Emerging trends like the increasing popularity of sustainable and smart homes, remote work's impact on suburban demand, and the growing preference for multi-family dwellings are shaping market dynamics. Restraining factors include persistently high construction costs, limited housing inventory in desirable locations, and the potential for interest rate adjustments that could dampen buying activity. Leading players like Simon Property Group, Mill Creek Residential, and others are navigating this evolving landscape through strategic acquisitions, development projects, and innovative property management techniques. The steady, albeit moderate, CAGR of 2.04% reflects a market maturing beyond periods of rapid expansion. This controlled growth indicates a market finding a stable equilibrium between supply and demand. While challenges remain, particularly concerning affordability and inventory, the underlying drivers of population growth and the fundamental need for housing suggest that the long-term outlook for the US residential real estate market remains positive. The segmentation of the market (while unspecified here) likely includes distinctions based on property type (single-family homes, condos, townhouses, apartments), location (urban, suburban, rural), and price range. A granular analysis of these segments would provide a more nuanced understanding of the growth trajectory and potential opportunities within each sub-sector. Key drivers for this market are: Investment Plan Towards Urban Rail Development. Potential restraints include: Italy’s Fragmented Approach to Tenders. Notable trends are: Existing Home Sales Witnessing Strong Growth.

House Price Index YoY in the United States decreased to 2.80 percent in May from 3.20 percent in April of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States FHFA House Price Index YoY.

Data about the average sale price of single family homes and common interest development homes in San Mateo County. Common interest development homes include condominiums and townhomes. This data is sourced from the San Mateo County Association of Realtors and is used in affordable housing indicators by the County's Department of Housing.

Home prices in the U.S. reach new heights The American housing market continues to show remarkable resilience, with the S&P/Case Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index reaching an all-time high of 325.78 in July 2024. This figure represents a significant increase from the index value of 166.24 recorded in January 2015, highlighting the substantial growth in home prices over the past decade. The S&P Case Shiller National Home Price Index is based on the prices of single-family homes and is the leading indicator of the American housing market and one of the indicators of the state of the broader economy. The S&P Case Shiller National Home Price Index series also includes S&P/Case Shiller 20-City Composite Home Price Index and S&P/Case Shiller 10-City Composite Home Price Index – measuring the home price changes in the major U.S. metropolitan areas, as well as twenty composite indices for the leading U.S. cities. Market fluctuations and recovery Despite the overall upward trend, the housing market has experienced some fluctuations in recent years. During the housing boom in 2021, the number of existing home sales reached the highest level since 2006. However, transaction volumes quickly plummeted, as the soaring interest rates and out-of-reach prices led to housing sentiment deteriorating. Factors influencing home prices Several factors have contributed to the rise in home prices, including a chronic supply shortage, the gradual decline in interest rates, and the spike in demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the subprime mortgage crisis (2007-2010), the construction of new homes declined dramatically. Although it has gradually increased since then, the number of new building permits, home starts, and completions are still shy from the levels before the crisis. With demand outweighing supply, competition for homes can be fierce, leading to bidding wars and soaring prices. The supply of existing homes is further constrained, as homeowners are less likely to sell and move homes due to the worsened lending conditions.

In the United States, interest rates for all mortgage types started to increase in 2021. This was due to the Federal Reserve introducing a series of hikes in the federal funds rate to contain the rising inflation. In the fourth quarter of 2024, the 30-year fixed rate rose slightly, to **** percent. Despite the increase, the rate remained below the peak of **** percent in the same quarter a year ago. Why have U.S. home sales decreased? Cheaper mortgages normally encourage consumers to buy homes, while higher borrowing costs have the opposite effect. As interest rates increased in 2022, the number of existing homes sold plummeted. Soaring house prices over the past 10 years have further affected housing affordability. Between 2013 and 2023, the median price of an existing single-family home risen by about ** percent. On the other hand, the median weekly earnings have risen much slower. Comparing mortgage terms and rates Between 2008 and 2023, the average rate on a 15-year fixed-rate mortgage in the United States stood between **** and **** percent. Over the same period, a 30-year mortgage term averaged a fixed-rate of between **** and **** percent. Rates on 15-year loan terms are lower to encourage a quicker repayment, which helps to improve a homeowner’s equity.

The expert committees record the data required for the valuation in their purchase price collections. These collections are populated with data from all deeds for the transfer of ownership of land or for the ordering of hereditary building rights, copies of which are sent by notarizing bodies, as well as data based on additional surveys by the expert committees among experts and persons who can provide information on the property. With the help of this data basis and the resulting reporting of the expert committees (on the property market parts building land prices, average data for undeveloped properties, single-family houses and apartment/part ownership, property interest rates as well as sales figures and price developments) the available property market data result. These are used to create the Hesse property market report and to derive the generalized information on the property market in Hesse published therein. In addition to the provision of current data, information from previous years is also available from 2020 onwards.

Median sales prices for various type of residential properties based on arms length, market rate sales. The data used to develop median prices comes from records filed at the Middlesex South Registry of Deeds. City staff analyze the records to identify arms-length sales. Arms-length sales are real-estate transactions in which two or more unrelated and unaffiliated parties agree to do business, acting independently and in their self-interest. Statistics drawn from only arms-length transactions are thought to best represent the true value of a property and state of the market.

The expert committees record the data required for the valuation in their purchase price collections. These collections are equipped with data from all documents for the transfer of ownership of land or the appointment of hereditary building rights, which are sent by notarizing bodies in copy, as well as data on the basis of supplementary surveys of experts and persons who can provide land information. This data basis and the resulting reporting by the expert committees (on the land market components building land prices, average data for undeveloped land, single-family houses and residential/partial property, land interest rates as well as sales figures and price developments) provide the available land market data. These are used to compile the Land Market Report for North Rhine-Westphalia and to derive the generalised information on the land market in North Rhine-Westphalia published therein. In addition to the provision of the current data, the data from the previous years from 2020 onwards will also be offered.

The United States home construction market, valued at approximately $700 billion in 2025, is experiencing robust growth, projected to maintain a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) exceeding 3% through 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, a persistent housing shortage, particularly in desirable urban areas like New York City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco, continues to drive demand. Secondly, favorable demographic trends, including millennial household formation and an increasing preference for homeownership, are bolstering the sector. Furthermore, low interest rates (though this is subject to change depending on economic conditions) have historically made mortgages more accessible, stimulating construction activity. However, the market isn't without its challenges. Rising material costs, labor shortages, and supply chain disruptions continue to exert upward pressure on construction prices, potentially impacting affordability and slowing growth in certain segments. The market is segmented by dwelling type (apartments & condominiums, villas, other), construction type (new construction, renovation), and geographic location, with significant activity concentrated in major metropolitan areas. The dominance of large national builders like D.R. Horton, Lennar Corp, and PulteGroup highlights the industry's consolidation trend, while the growth of multi-family construction reflects shifting urban preferences. Looking ahead, the market's trajectory will depend on macroeconomic factors, interest rate fluctuations, government policies impacting housing affordability, and the ability of the industry to address supply-chain and labor challenges. Innovation in construction technologies, sustainable building practices, and prefabricated homes are also emerging trends expected to significantly influence market dynamics over the forecast period. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of large publicly traded companies and smaller regional builders. While established players dominate the market share, opportunities exist for smaller firms specializing in niche markets, such as sustainable or luxury home construction, or those focused on specific geographic areas. The ongoing expansion of the market signifies significant potential for investment and growth, despite the hurdles currently impacting the sector. Addressing supply chain disruptions and labor shortages will be crucial for sustained growth. Continued demand in key urban centers and evolving consumer preferences toward specific dwelling types will be critical factors determining the market's future trajectory. Recent developments include: June 2022 - Pulte Homes - a national brand of PulteGroup, Inc. - announced the opening of its newest Boston-area community, Woodland Hill. Offering 46 new construction single-family homes in the charming town of Grafton, the community is conveniently located near schools, dining, and entertainment, with the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority commuter rail less than a mile away. The collection of home designs at Woodland Hill includes three two-story floor plans, ranging in size from 3,013 to 4,019 sq. ft. with four to six bedrooms, 2.5-3.5 baths, and 2-3 car garages. These spacious home designs feature flexible living spaces, plenty of natural light, gas fireplaces, and the signature Pulte Planning Center®, a unique multi-use workstation perfect for homework or a family office., December 2022 - D.R. Horton, Inc. announced the acquisition of Riggins Custom Homes, one of the largest builders in Northwest Arkansas. The homebuilding assets of Riggins Custom Homes and related entities (Riggins) acquired include approximately 3,000 lots, 170 homes in inventory, and 173 homes in the sales order backlog. For the trailing twelve months ended November 30, 2022, Riggins closed 153 homes (USD 48 million in revenue) with an average home size of approximately 1,925 square feet and an average sales price of USD 313,600. D.R. Horton expects to pay approximately USD 107 million in cash for the purchase, and the Company plans to combine the Riggins operations with the current D.R. Horton platform in Northwest Arkansas.. Notable trends are: High-interest Rates are Negatively Impacting the Market.

Zillow Home Value Index (ZHVI): A measure of the typical home value and market changes across a given region and housing type. It reflects the typical value for homes in the 35th to 65th percentile range. Available as a smoothed, seasonally adjusted measure and as a raw measure.

Zillow publishes top-tier ZHVI ($, typical value for homes within the 65th to 95th percentile range for a given region) and bottom-tier ZHVI ($, typical value for homes within the 5th to 35th percentile range for a given region).

Zillow also publishes ZHVI for all single-family residences ($, typical value for all single-family homes in a given region), for condo/coops ($), for all homes with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5+ bedrooms ($).

Note: Starting with the January 2023 data release, and for all subsequent releases, the full ZHVI time series has been upgraded to harness the power of the neural Zestimate.

More information about what ZHVI is and how it’s calculated is available on this overview page. Here’s a handy ZHVI User Guide for information about properly citing and making calculations with this metric.

Mortgage Payment: An estimate of the monthly mortgage payment on a new home purchase with the average interest rate of that month. The home value is estimated using smoothed and seasonally adjusted ZHVI. If the down payment is less than 20%, the monthly mortgage payment includes 1% mortgage insurance.
Total Monthly Payment: An estimate of the total monthly payment on a new home purchase with current interest rates. The total monthly payment includes the mortgage payment, homeowner’s insurance, property taxes, and maintenance costs worth 0.5% of the home’s value. The home value is estimated using smoothed and seasonally adjusted ZHVI. If the down payment is less than 20%, the monthly mortgage payment includes 1% mortgage insurance. Homeowners insurance rates and property tax rate estimates vary by region.

Energy-efficient Single-family Homes Market Outlook

As per our latest research, the global energy-efficient single-family homes market size reached USD 175.2 billion in 2024, reflecting the surging demand for sustainable living solutions worldwide. The market is poised for robust expansion, registering a CAGR of 8.7% from 2025 to 2033. By the end of the forecast period in 2033, the market is expected to reach USD 367.5 billion. This remarkable growth is primarily driven by stringent energy regulations, rising consumer awareness, and the increasing adoption of advanced building technologies.

One of the core growth factors fueling the energy-efficient single-family homes market is the global push for decarbonization and climate change mitigation. Governments across North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific are implementing rigorous building codes and offering attractive incentives for green construction and retrofitting. These policy frameworks are compelling both developers and homeowners to prioritize energy efficiency. Additionally, escalating energy prices and the need for long-term cost savings are motivating homeowners to invest in advanced insulation, high-efficiency HVAC systems, and renewable energy solutions such as solar panels. The convergence of regulatory mandates and economic incentives is accelerating the adoption of energy-efficient technologies in the residential sector.

Technological advancements are another significant driver of the energy-efficient single-family homes market. The integration of smart home systems, IoT-enabled energy management, and next-generation building materials has revolutionized the way energy consumption is monitored and optimized. High-performance insulation, triple-glazed windows, and ENERGY STAR-rated appliances are now standard offerings in many new constructions and retrofits. Furthermore, the proliferation of solar photovoltaic systems and battery storage solutions is enabling homeowners to achieve greater energy independence and reduce their carbon footprint. These innovations not only enhance energy performance but also improve indoor comfort and property value, further incentivizing adoption.

Consumer preferences are also evolving, with sustainability and health becoming key considerations in home buying decisions. Millennials and Gen Z, who represent a growing share of first-time homebuyers, are particularly attuned to environmental impacts and long-term operating costs. This demographic shift is reshaping the housing market, with builders and real estate agents increasingly marketing energy-efficient features as core differentiators. The rise of green certifications such as LEED, ENERGY STAR, and Passive House is providing additional assurance to buyers about the quality and performance of their homes. As a result, the market is witnessing a steady increase in both new construction and retrofit projects designed to meet or exceed stringent energy standards.

From a regional perspective, North America and Europe continue to lead the global energy-efficient single-family homes market, accounting for a combined market share of over 60% in 2024. The United States, Canada, Germany, and the Nordic countries are at the forefront, driven by advanced regulatory frameworks and high consumer awareness. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific is emerging as a high-growth region, propelled by rapid urbanization, government incentives, and rising environmental consciousness in countries such as China, Japan, and Australia. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing growing interest, particularly in urban centers where energy costs and environmental concerns are increasingly prominent. This regional diversity underscores the global momentum toward sustainable housing solutions.

Construction Type Analysis

The energy-efficient single-family homes market is segmented by construction type into new construction and retrofit. New construction projects represent a substantial share of the market, as they allow for the integration of energy-efficient design principles and advanced technologies from the outset. Builders can leverage modern materials, passive design strategies, and renewable energy systems to achieve superior performance metrics. In regions with stringent building codes, such as Western Europe and North America, new homes are often required to meet minimum energy efficiency standards, further boosting the market for high-performance dwellings. The ability to incorporate features such as airtight envelop