A survey conducted in July 2025 found that the most important issue for ***percent of Americans was inflation and prices. A further ***percent of respondents were most concerned about jobs and the economy.

In December 2024, 11 percent of survey respondents said that the most important problem facing the United States was the high cost of living and inflation. Another 20percent said that the government and poor leadership was the most serious concern for the nation.

In this 2018 survey, eight percent of respondents stated they think the biggest problem for the United States today is Donald Trump. In fact, most of the important problems mentioned are somehow related to the current POTUS – the most mentioned one being immigration and racism.

A country divided

Since Trump’s inauguration in January 2017, political camps in the United States are deeply divided and global politics is in turmoil; Trump’s job approval ratings are notoriously low, and in fact, they are lower than Reagan’s or Nixon’s averages ever were. Trump’s leadership is controversial at best and his executive orders often cause protests, especially among Democrats and liberals – like the travel ban for Muslims.

On the other side

One of Trump’s main campaign promises was a wall on the border with Mexico in order to keep potential illegal immigrants out and enhance security for American citizens. When he did not get the majority for this plan, he declared a national emergency to force the budget to be allocated, even though the majority of Americans did not support this idea, and it is unclear if the situation at the Mexican border actually warrants it. In fact, the total number of unauthorized immigrants has decreased over the last few years and today, many Americans believe that their country benefits from immigrants and their work .

According to a survey from late December 2024, the two most important issues among Republican voters in the United States were inflation and immigration, with ** and ** percent ranking it their primary political concerns respectively. In contrast, only *** percent of Democrats considered immigration their most important issue. Inflation and healthcare were the leading issues among democrats in the U.S.

This special topic poll, conducted September 5-7, 2006, is a part of a continuing series of monthly polls that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of political and social issues. The focus of this poll was the fifth anniversary of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way President George W. Bush was handling the presidency and issues such as the campaign against terrorism and the situation in Iraq. Information was collected on how closely respondents were following the upcoming congressional and gubernatorial election, whether they would vote for a Democratic or Republican candidate if the election for the United States House of Representatives were being held that day, and the single most important issue in their vote for Congress members. Other questions asked which political party they trusted to do a better job handling the main problems the nation would face over the next few years, and whether they approved of the way Congress and their own representative to the United States House of Representatives were handling their jobs. Views were also sought on the war in Iraq and Donald Rumsfield's handling of his job as Secretary of Defense. Respondents were asked how well they thought the campaign against terrorism was going, whether the country was safer from terrorism compared to before September 11, 2001, and whether Osama bin Laden would have to be captured or killed for the war on terrorism to be a success. Information was collected about the impact of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on respondents' lives, how concerned they were about the possibility of more major terrorist attacks in the United States, how much confidence they had in the government's ability to prevent another major terrorist attack, whether the federal government was intruding on the privacy rights of Americans in its investigation of possible terrorist attacks, and whether this intrusion was justified. Additional topics addressed the religion of Islam, new airport security measures, and how proud they felt to be an American. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, household income, voter registration and participation history, political party affiliation, political philosophy, employment status, marital status, and type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural).

Abstract (en): This special topic poll, conducted April 30 to May 6, 1996, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. This poll sought Americans' views on the most important problems facing the United States, their local communities and their own families. Respondents rated the public schools, crime, and drug problems at the national and local levels, their level of optimism about their own future and that of the country, and the reasons they felt that way. Respondents were asked whether they were better off financially than their parents were at their age, whether they expected their own children to be better off financially than they were, and whether the American Dream was still possible for most people. Respondents then compared their expectations about life to their actual experiences in areas such as job security, financial earnings, employment benefits, job opportunities, health care benefits, retirement savings, and leisure time. A series of questions asked whether the United States was in a long-term economic and moral decline, whether the country's main problems were caused more by a lack of economic opportunity or a lack of morality, and whether the United States was still the best country in the world. Additional topics covered immigration policy and the extent to which respondents trusted the federal, state, and local governments. Demographic variables included respondents' sex, age, race, education level, marital status, household income, political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration and participation history, labor union membership, the presence of children in the household, whether these children attended a public school, and the employment status of respondents and their spouses. The data contain a weight variable (WEIGHT) that should be used in analyzing the data. This poll consists of "standard" national representative samples of the adult population with sample balancing of sex, race, age, and education. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created variable labels and/or value labels.; Created online analysis version with question text.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Persons aged 18 and over living in households with telephones in the contiguous 48 United States. Households were selected by random-digit dialing. Within households, the respondent selected was the adult living in the household who last had a birthday and who was at home at the time of interview. 2009-10-29 First names were removed from the data file. A full product suite including online analysis with question text has been added. The location of the weight variable was also corrected. telephone interviewThe data available for download are not weighted and users will need to weight the data prior to analysis. The data collection was produced by Chilton Research Services of Radnor, PA. Original reports using these data may be found via the ABC News Polling Unit Website.According to the data collection instrument, code 3 in the variable Q909 (Education Level) included respondents who answered that they had attended a technical school.The original data file contained four records per case and was reformatted into a data file with one record per case. To protect respondent confidentiality, respondent names were removed from the data file.The CASEID variable was created for use with online analysis.

The economy was seen by 52 percent of people in the UK as one of the top three issues facing the country in July 2025. The ongoing cost of living crisis afflicting the UK, driven by high inflation, is still one of the main concerns of Britons. Immigration has generally been the second most important issue since the middle of 2024, just ahead of health, which was seen as the third-biggest issue in the most recent month. Labour's popularity continues to sink in 2025 Despite winning the 2024 general election with a strong majority, the new Labour government has had its share of struggles since coming to power. Shortly after taking office, the approval rating for Labour stood at -2 percent, but this fell throughout the second half of 2024, and by January 2025 had sunk to a new low of -47 percent. Although this was still higher than the previous government's last approval rating of -56 percent, it is nevertheless a severe review from the electorate. Among several decisions from the government, arguably the least popular was the government withdrawing winter fuel payments. This state benefit, previously paid to all pensioners, is now only paid to those on low incomes, with millions of pensioners not receiving this payment in winter 2024. Sunak's pledges fail to prevent defeat in 2024 With an election on the horizon, and the Labour Party consistently ahead in the polls, addressing voter concerns directly was one of the best chances the Conservatives had of staying in power in 2023. At the start of that year, Rishi Sunak attempted to do this by setting out his five pledges for the next twelve months; halve inflation, grow the economy, reduce national debt, cut NHS waiting times, and stop small boats. A year later, Sunak had at best only partial success in these aims. Although the inflation rate fell, economic growth was weak and even declined in the last two quarters of 2023, although it did return to growth in early 2024. National debt was only expected to fall in the mid to late 2020s, while the trend of increasing NHS waiting times did not reverse. Small boat crossings were down from 2022, but still higher than in 2021 or 2020. .

This survey of 1,008 adult residents includes questions from earlier Orange County Annual Surveys. It also includes key indicators from the PPIC Statewide Survey for comparisons with the state and regions of California. It also considers racial/ethnic, income, and political differences. The following issues are explored in this Orange County Survey: Orange County Issues, Housing Issues, and State and National Issues. Orange County Issues include such questions as: What are the trends over time in consumer confidence and the public's ratings of the quality of life and the economy in Orange County? Do residents recall the Orange County government bankruptcy in 1994, how do they perceive its impacts today, and have attitudes toward the county government recovered in the past 10 years? How satisfied are residents with their local public services and city governments? What are the most important issues facing the county and how do residents rate the problems in their regions? What are their perceptions of commuting and transportation plans and preferences for local transportation taxes? Housing Issues include such questions as: How satisfied are residents with their homes and neighborhoods and how do they perceive their opportunities for buying a home in Orange County? How many residents feel the financial strain of housing costs, perceive the benefits of rising home values, or are seriously considering moving? What housing and neighborhood options are they willing to consider?Online data analysis & additional documentation in Link below. Methods The Orange County Survey a collaborative effort of the Public Policy Institute of California and the School of Social Ecology at the University of California, Irvine is a special edition of the PPIC Statewide Survey. This is the fourth in an annual series of PPIC surveys of Orange County. Mark Baldassare, director of the PPIC Statewide Survey, is the founder and director of the Orange County Annual Survey at UCI and a former UCI professor. The UCI survey was conducted 19 times from 1982 to 2000; thus, the Orange County Survey collaboration between PPIC and UCI that began in 2001 is an extension of earlier survey efforts. The special survey of Orange County is co-sponsored by UCI with local support received for this four-year series from Deloitte and Touche, Pacific Life Foundation, Disneyland, Los Angeles Times, Orange County Business Council, Orange County Division of League of California Cities, Orange County Register, The Irvine Company, and United Way of Orange County.Orange County is the second most populous county in the state and one of California's fastest growing and changing regions. The county is home to three million residents today, having gained approximately one million residents since 1980. Three in four residents were white and non-Hispanic in 1980; today, nearly half are Latinos and Asians, and more population growth and racial/ethnic change are projected for the next several decades. The county's dynamic economy has become one of the leaders in the high-technology industry. The county is a bellwether county in state and national politics and the site of many important local governance issues, including a county government bankruptcy that occurred 10 years ago in December 1994. There are also housing, transportation, land use, and environmental concerns related to development. Public opinion findings are critical to informing discussions and resolving public debates on key issues. The purpose of this study is to inform policymakers, the media, and the general public by providing timely, accurate, and objective information about policy preferences and economic, social, and political trends.To measure changes over time, this survey of 1,008 adult residents includes questions from earlier Orange County Annual Surveys. It also includes key indicators from the PPIC Statewide Survey for comparisons with the state and regions of California. We also consider racial/ethnic, income, and political differences. The following issues are explored in this Orange County Survey:Orange County Issues What are the trends over time in consumer confidence and the public's ratings of the quality of life and the economy in Orange County? Do residents recall the Orange County government bankruptcy in 1994, how do they perceive its impacts today, and have attitudes toward the county government recovered in the past 10 years? How satisfied are residents with their local public services and city governments? What are the most important issues facing the county and how do residents rate the problems in their regions? What are their perceptions of commuting and transportation plans and preferences for local transportation taxes?Housing Issues How satisfied are residents with their homes and neighborhoods and how do they perceive their opportunities for buying a home in Orange County? How many residents feel the financial strain of housing costs, perceive the benefits of rising home values, or are seriously considering moving? What housing and neighborhood options are they willing to consider?State and National Issues What is the overall outlook for California and U.S. conditions? How do residents rate the job performances of Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and President George W. Bush? What are their perceptions of the national election and the second term of the Bush presidency? Has the partisan divide in trust in the federal government increased over time?

Sampling Procedure Comment: Probability Sample: Multistage Sample

This dataset covers ballots 286-88, and 290-92, spanning January, March, May, July, September and November 1961. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 286 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions on Canadians on several leading topics of the day. Some of the major subjects of discussion include labour unions, problems facing the country, political issues, and opinions toward trade and investment with other countries, specifically the United States. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic, and social variables. Topics of interest include: American investment in Canada; brand name recognition; Communist China in the United Nations; criticisms of labour unions; defence policy; federal elections; high income taxes; high prices; preferred political parties; priorities of labour unions; problems facing Canada; railway workers strike; trade with the United States; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. 287 - March This Gallup poll aims to collect the opinions of Canadians on various subjects of political importance to the country. Some issues raised include the introduction of provincial sales tax, education, foreign policy, and preferred political parties and leaders. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: the potential adoption of the 4 day work week; the biggest pet peeves of respondents; the C.C.F. party; communist China trading with Canada; the Conservative party; contentment with appliances and furniture; Diefenbaker's performance as Prime Minister; federal elections; the fluoridation of water; how to spend extra money; immigration; increasing the intensity of education in Canada; the Liberal party; local business conditions; preferred political party; provincial sales tax; South Africa's racial policies; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. 288 - May This Gallup poll aims primarily to collect the political views of Canadians. The questions focus either directly on political leaders and parties, or on issues of political importance to the country. The questions deal with political issues both in Canada, and in other countries, including the United States, and Britain. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: the Conservative party; electoral campaign funding and spending; Britain's interest in joining the European Common Market; Diefenbaker's performance as Prime Minister; federal elections; Lester Pearson's performance as leader of the opposition; the Liberal party; preferred political parties; restrictions on non-white immigrants; opinions on the Senate, and what their main job is; South Africa leaving the common wealth, and their racial policies; potential successors to the current political leaders; unemployment predictions; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. 290 - July This Gallup poll aims primarily to collect the political views of Canadians. The questions focus either directly on political leaders and parties, or on issues of political importance to the country. The questions deal with political issues both in Canada, and in other countries, including the United States, and Britain. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: the Conservative party; electoral campaign funding and spending; Britain's interest in joining the European Common Market; Diefenbaker's performance as Prime Minister; federal elections; Lester Pearson's performance as leader of the opposition; the Liberal party; preferred political parties; restrictions on non-white immigrants; opinions on the Senate, and what their main job is; South Africa leaving the common wealth, and their racial policies; potential successors to the current political leaders; unemployment predictions; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. 291 - September This Gallup poll aims to collect the opinions of Canadians, mostly on issues of global or international importance. Issues such as nuclear war, the spread of communism, and international politics are raised. Also asked were questions of local (Canadian) significance, including awareness and opinions of the New Democratic Party. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: American influence over the Canadian lifestyle; the conflict over Berlin; a career as a police officer for respondents' sons; Canada's dependence on American defence; federal elections; respondents' opinions on what "free enterprise" means; whether all labour unions should back up a single political party; who is ahead in terms of missile technology; nuclear weapons for Canadian Armed Forces; Russia; respondents' opinions on what "socialism" means; likelihood of survival during a nuclear war; union membership; the United Nations; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. 292 - November This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians on mostly current events and social issues. For instance, there is a section measuring the presence of appliances, questions on money and general standards of living, and issues such as alcoholism. There are also some more politically based questions, on subjects such as Unemployment Insurance and nuclear war. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: alcoholism; appliances owned or expecting to own soon; car ownership; civil defence during a nuclear war; foreign aid; housing satisfaction; nuclear war; peace with Russia; price expectations; risk of another world war; standards of living; unemployment levels; Unemployment Insurance; union membership; vacations recently taken or planned; voting behaviour; and writing letters to Members of Parliament. Basic demographics variables are also included.The codebook for this dataset is available through the UBC Library catalogue, with call number HN110.Z9 P84.

Under what conditions can citizens hold government officials accountable for their behavior? I examine accountability over the police, a pervasive face of the state as experienced by most people. Like elected politicians, police enjoy significant discretion, limited oversight, power, and corruptibility. Continued problems of police violence and disparate treatment, especially against Black Americans, have shown the importance of accountable policing. Using calls for service records, election returns, survey data, and case studies, I explore challenges of political accountability across the highly varied 18,000 police department in the United States. The police are both a nationally salient social group – evaluated differently by partisans in a national media environment – as well as a locally-provided government function that tens of millions of Americans encounter regularly. This decentralization complicates improvements to policing policies by limiting the impacts of reform activism to particular cities and by misaligning activism with local conditions (Chapter 1). Millions of Americans regularly call the police to manage a swathe of urgent problems. Examining whether citizens punish street-level bureaucrats for misbehavior by withdrawing from demands for police intervention, I find that daily demands for policing services remain steady after well-publicized police abuse (Chapter 2). Absent exit, change requires political action. One manifestation of the varieties of American policing is between elected and appointed police leadership. I show that each approach has problems: elected sheriffs seem too steady in their offices – over which they enjoy almost unfettered control and significant incumbency advantage – while appointed police chiefs are constrained by unions, politicians, and the public (Chapter 3). Drawing on case studies of immigration enforcement in county jails, I show that nationally salient issues can impinge on the domains of county Sheriffs and increase interest and energy in local elections – aligning policies with preferences through a process I term “redirected nationalization” (Chapter 4). An additional problem is that police officers are themselves political agents who can resist change. By analyzing their nearly universal support for Donald Trump in the 2016 election, and the status of police as a salient cleavage in American electoral politics, I show a strong affinity between police union and right-wing politics rooted in the sense that police are “under siege” by Black Lives Matter and calls for reform (Chapter 5). This uniform conservative orientation of police culture clashes with the array of problems the police manage, which frequently include homelessness and mental illness (Chapter 6, co-authored with Jacob Brown). I conclude that, where possible, it is better to unbundle the multifaceted police role, with specialized civil servants responding to classes of problems (Chapter 7). However, the decentralization of policing in the United States and the ambiguity of many calls for services will complicate unbundling. Hence, there remains a need to cultivate a police culture sensitive to the range of problems police encounter and, longer term, to ameliorate the social conditions which drive reliance on police services.

This poll conducted, May 27-28, 2003, is part of a continuing series of monthly polls that solicit opinions on political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President George W. Bush and his overall job performance, as well as his handling of military action against Iraq, the campaign against terrorism, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the economy. Views were elicited on the most important issue facing the country, the state of the economy, whether the best way to improve the economy was by reducing the budget deficit or by cutting taxes, whether President Bush was paying enough attention to the economy, whether the respondent had any knowledge of proposed tax cuts, what effect the proposed tax cuts would have on the economy, if any, whether the United States Congress was paying enough attention to the economy, and whether the economy would be very good, fairly good, fairly bad, or very bad if the attacks on the September 11, 2001, had not occurred. Opinions were sought on whether Saudi Arabia should be considered an ally, friendly but not an ally, unfriendly but not an enemy, or an enemy, the ability of the United States government to establish peace in the Middle East, the ability of George W. Bush to establish peace in the Middle East, the likelihood of another terrorist attack in the next few months, the level of concern respondents had that a terrorist attack would occur where they lived, the effectiveness of terror alerts and warnings, who was winning the war against terrorism, the likelihood of the United States intervening in Iran given the outcome of military action in Iraq, and the degree of threat posed to the United States by Iran. Information was gathered on respondents' knowledge of terrorist bombings in Saudi Arabia, whether respondents altered Memorial Day plans as a result of the terror alert level being raised, whether respondents were concerned about losing civil liberties due to new security measures and regulations proposed by President Bush's administration, and whether in order to reduce the threat of terrorism, respondents would be willing to allow the government to monitor the telephone calls and electronic mail of "ordinary Americans," or of "suspicious Americans." Specific questions addressed military action in Iraq. Respondents were queried on whether military action in Iraq had an effect on the threat of terrorism, whether military action in Iraq had an effect on Al-Qaeda planning, whether, given the outcome of military action in Iraq, the United States should not attack unless attacked first or should be able to attack countries that pose a threat before they attack the United States, and whether it was more important for the United States to be liked for its policies or respected for its military power. In addition, respondents were questioned on whether removing Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein from power was worth the human and economic costs, whether the Bush administration over-, under-, or accurately estimated the number of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, whether the Bush administration overexaggerated the number of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq in order to build support for military action, whether United States intelligence agencies, like the Central Intelligence Agency, over-, under-, or accurately estimated the number of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, whether United States intelligence agencies overexaggerated the number of weapons of mass destruction in order to build support for military action, how confident they were in the ability of the United States military to kill or capture Saddam Hussein, how confident they were in the ability of the United States military to find weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, whether Saddam Hussein was still alive and if it mattered, the progress of bringing order and stability to Iraq, whether theIraqi people were grateful toward the United States for removing Saddam Hussein from power or resentful of the United States for occupying the country, the most important accomplishment in Iraq made by the United States, and the number one priority of the United States in Iraq. Background variables include age, sex, ethnicity, political orientation, political ideology, marital status, religious orientation, education, total household income, whether the respondent chose to vote in the 2000 United States

This dataset covers ballots 384-95 spanning January-December 1976. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 384 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the unemployment insurance plan; and whether or not there should be a two-party system within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the standards of living; if all Christians will unite in the future and if women should be accepted into the ministry. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: accepting women in to the ministry; abuse of the unemployment insurance plan; the community's biggest problem; limiting the age at which you can be covered by the unemployment insurance plan; the opinions of a two-party system in Canada; standards of living; the strictness of the unemployment insurance plan; and whether or not Christians will unite in the future. Basic demographic variables are also included. 385 - February This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the Prime Minister's comments and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government such as the impact of big corporations; banning the death penalty and some of the causes of crime. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: banning the death penalty; the causes of crime; children's chances for happiness; the cost of education; the impact of big corporations; the importance of unions; opinions about President Ford; the Prime Minister's statements about the economy; quality of education; and whether or not the Queen should visit and open the Olympics. Basic demographic variables are also included. 386 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and political issues within the country and throughout the world. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the use of seatbelts; the anti inflation policy and compulsory retirement. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: compulsory retirement at age 65; democracy in Spain; the fairness of unions; the government's anti-inflation policy; interest in the U.S. election; the outcome of political leaders following public opinion surveys; whether or not the Liberal party is keeping election promises; preferred leader for the U.S. Democratic party; preferred leader for the U.S. Republican party; remembering General Franco; the treatment of the French; and using seatbelts. Basic demographic variables are also included. 387 - April This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as inflation, bilingualism and the minimum amount of income a family needs. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: allowing peaceful nuclear services; the approval of Donald Macdonald as Minister of Finance; the approval of Trudeau as Prime Minister; bilingualism in Canada; business conditions in the community; changing the Canadian Constitution; the Federal NDP leader; the Federal PC leader; fighting inflation; the minimum amount of income needed; opinions about Ed Broadbent; Opinions about Joe Clark; private business conditions; and the problems facing Canada. Basic demographic variables are also included. 388 - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about members of parliament's decisions and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as strictness of laws; the Olympic Games and inflation. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: banning cigarette advertisements; banning liquor advertisements; continuing the Olympic lottery; the impact of organized religion on life; learning both English and French in schools; whether or not M.P.'s should vote according to personal views; the Olympic games helping international relations; opinions about the teaching profession; the strictness of business laws; the strictness of labour laws; and the success of curbing inflation. Basic demographic variables are also included. 389 - June This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the Federal government and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country such as opinions about receiving and paying traffic tickets, places to eat out at and living together before marriage. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the frequency of eating out; going to court because of a traffic ticket; the influence of television; licensed drivers taking physicals; living together before marriage; the opinions of the Federal government since last election; pampering children; paying traffic tickets; the rising price of income and taxes; places to eat out at; receiving traffic tickets; running the government; sale of nuclear reactors; and taking work instead of welfare. Basic demographic variables are also included. 390 - July This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions international relations and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as inflation; teen drinking and the treatment of farmers by the government. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: allowing the baby seal hunt; the best legal age for drinking; Canada's relations with the United States; whether or not families should be headed by the father; fighting inflation; punishing students with force; the quality of items; the strength of Separatism among Quebecers; teen drinking in the community; the treatment of farmers by the government; ways to fix the problem of teenage drinking; and the average amount of money spent on food by a family in one week. Basic demographic variables are also included. 391 - August This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the Conservative party leader Joe Clark and the amount of government interference within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as inflation, debt and business conditions within the community. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: allowing Air Canada to stop flying to counties with hijackers; amount of debt; the amount of government interference; banning capital punishment; the biggest problem facing Canada; buying items with cash to a receive discount; confidence in the government's handling of inflation; the degree of honesty and ethics in certain career fields; the goodwill towards Canada produced by the Olympic games; the influence of multi-national companies; opinions about Joe Clark; providing service in English and French; and watching the Olympic games on television. Basic demographic variables are also included. 392 - September This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the British Commonwealth, problems facing the country and the distribution pornographic material. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: allowing a son or daughter to enter politics; the best Prime Minister for Canada; the Canadian Labour Congress; the chances of an energy shortage; changing opinions about police; the distribution of pornographic material; the government's anti inflation program; joining the British Commonwealth; the most important problem facing the country; seeing objectionable sex; the seriousness of a British Commonwealth split; types of nuclear power; the value of government services; and working for a private business. Basic demographic variables are also included. 393 - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about Trudeau's cabinet and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the preferred method of travel; International hockey and the Canada Cup. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the discovery of atomic

We lack an understanding of how diverse policymakers interact to govern biodiversity. Taking Colombia as a focal case, we asked: (i) What is the composition of today’s policy mix?; (ii) How has the policy mix evolved over time?; (iii) How do policies differ among actors and ecosystems?; and (iv) Does the policy mix address the primary threats to biodiversity? We found 186 biodiversity-related policies that govern multiple ecosystems, use different instruments, and evolve as a mix to address the main threats to biodiversity (i.e., agriculture and aquaculture, biological resource use). We notice policy gaps in the governance of invasive species. Biodiversity policy integration into some sectoral policies, such as climate change and pollution, has become more common in the past decade. Our results point to an increased need for effective coordination across sectors and actors, as new ones become part of the policy mix. Methods We had personal communication with people working in public sector agencies, bi(multi)lateral development agencies, environmental NGOs, and private sector leaders who pointed us to master lists of policies that they issue or implement in their respective roles. For each actor we sampled policies as follows: Public sector-We identified the following actors as leaders (i.e., agenda setters, funders, or policy initiators) of Colombian public policies: (a) central government, (b) subnational and regional governments, and (c) Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. The collective property rights of ethnic groups are protected in the Colombian constitution, granting them authority to lead or co-lead policies that govern their territories. Additionally, (d) municipalities (3rd administrative tier) issue their own plans and strategies for conservation planning. We only included the strategies issued by the top 4 largest municipalities (Bogotá, Medellín, Barranquilla, Cali) as the innovators of urban sustainability policies that are mirrored by smaller cities49. We used a snowball sampling approach, starting with a master list of the environmental policies listed on the Ministry of Environment website50. These included international treaties adopted by Colombia, laws, decrees, resolutions, and municipal planning strategies. We began with the country’s first comprehensive national environmental policy established in 1959, and included policies introduced through 2020. We included biodiversity-specific policies, such as endangered species regulations, protected areas, payments for ecosystem services, and habitat banks, among others11. We also applied broader inclusion criteria to consider any public environmental policy with clear influence on biodiversity in all its forms. This included climate, pollution, and sectoral (e.g., agriculture, forestry, mining, oil, and gas) policies targeting terrestrial and coastal ecosystems. We excluded strictly marine policies, as they are often done in coordination with other countries. As recurring policies are periodically superseded (e.g., the national development plan changes after each presidential election), we only included their most recent versions in our database. We only included policies led by the legislative and executive branches of government and excluded policies from the judicial branch, such as supreme court rulings, although admittedly several of them have important policy implications. Private sector and supply chain initiatives—For policies initiated and funded by private actors, we included those in the forestry, agriculture, energy and mining sectors, as these sectors are the main ones affecting biodiversity in Colombia52. We included certifications led by international corporations and non-profits that were mentioned in the state of sustainable markets report (2020) and in the state of sustainability initiatives review for the extractive economy53 that operate in Colombia. We included certifications that apply to individual commodities (e.g., C.A.F.E Starbucks for coffee), as well as those that certify multiple commodities (e.g., Rainforest Alliance). The Colombian private sector is organized by “gremios empresariales”, which are clusters of businesses or trade associations that are formally regulated together54. The largest business cluster in the country is ANDI, which is a conglomerate of 1400 businesses that represent 50% of the national GDP32. We coded the policies led by ANDI as clusters of projects implemented in key regions (e.g., Amazon, Caribbean, Andean). We excluded projects and initiatives led by individual companies. Although many companies have in-house, corporate sustainability strategies, we only included policies that were issued by multiple companies in the same sector, or by various sectors adopting the same sustainability standards. Bi(Multi)lateral development sector—To identify key development banks and cooperation agencies active in Colombia, we consulted a list of donors and projects (n=988) from Aid Atlas, representing US$56.6 billion in development finance sent to Colombia between 2002 and 2018, out of which $1.36 billion was specifically designated as biodiversity finance55. The largest donors were World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Agence Française de Développement (France), GIZ (Germany), USAID (USA), and the United Nations Global Environment Facility. We only considered financial strategies that were co-developed with the Colombian government, such as bank country strategies that determine investment priorities. Sampling bias: We were not able to estimate the proportion of policies sampled in our study, as there is no information about the total number of public, private, and multilateral policies that govern Colombia. Thus, our sampling bias is based on documents that are available online and that officials working on different agencies were able to identify. While our policy list is likely not complete, it is, to our knowledge the most comprehensive one. We were able to identify 126 more policies than the BIOFIN report56, which is the most recent assessment of Colombian biodiversity policies.

Public Opinion and Election Polling Market Outlook

The global market size for public opinion and election polling was valued at approximately $8.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $12.7 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.5% during the forecast period. This growth is largely driven by advancements in data collection methodologies and the increasing importance of data-driven decision-making in political campaigns and public policy.

One of the primary growth factors for this market is the advancements in technology that have revolutionized data collection and analysis processes. The proliferation of smartphones and internet access has enabled polling organizations to reach a broader demographic more efficiently and accurately. Online polling, for instance, has gained substantial traction due to its cost-effectiveness and ability to gather real-time data. Additionally, the advent of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms has enhanced the accuracy of predictive models, making election forecasting more reliable.

Another significant driver is the increasing reliance on data-driven decision-making in political campaigns, government strategies, and private sector initiatives. Political parties and candidates are increasingly investing in sophisticated polling methods to gauge public opinion and tailor their campaigns accordingly. This trend is not limited to political entities; businesses and media organizations also leverage polling data to shape their marketing strategies and content, respectively. Moreover, academic institutions utilize public opinion data for social science research, further fueling market growth.

The growing emphasis on transparency and accountability in governance is also contributing to the market's expansion. Governments and public agencies are increasingly conducting public opinion polls to gauge citizen satisfaction and gather feedback on policies and programs. This approach helps in making informed decisions that align with public sentiment, thereby enhancing governance quality. The trend is particularly noticeable in democratic nations where public opinion significantly influences policy-making processes.

From a regional perspective, North America currently holds the largest market share, driven by a highly active political environment and advanced technological infrastructure. Europe follows closely, with significant contributions from countries like the UK, Germany, and France. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period due to increasing political activities and advancements in polling technologies. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also showing promising growth, albeit at a slower pace due to varying degrees of technological adoption and political stability.

Methodology Analysis

The methodology segment of the public opinion and election polling market is diverse, encompassing online polling, telephone polling, face-to-face polling, mail polling, and other methods. Online polling has gained significant traction in recent years due to its cost-effectiveness and ability to reach a wide demographic. With the proliferation of internet access and smartphones, online polls can gather real-time data quickly and efficiently, making them a preferred choice for many polling organizations. Moreover, advancements in data security and privacy have alleviated concerns over the integrity of online polling data.

Telephone polling remains a popular method, especially for reaching older demographics who may not be as comfortable with online platforms. This methodology allows for more in-depth conversations and the ability to clarify questions, thereby potentially yielding more accurate data. However, the increasing prevalence of mobile phones over landlines has necessitated adaptations in sampling strategies. Companies are increasingly using sophisticated algorithms to create representative samples of mobile users, thereby maintaining the robustness of telephone polling.

Face-to-face polling is often considered the gold standard for accuracy, as it allows for the collection of nuanced data through direct interaction. This method is particularly useful in regions with low internet penetration or among demographics that are less likely to participate in online or telephone polls. However, the high costs and logistical challenges associated with face-to-face polling can be prohibitive, limiting its widespread use. Despite these challenges, face-to-face polling remains essential f

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Policy Management Software Market Size 2024-2028

The policy management software market size is forecast to increase by USD 1.37 billion at a CAGR of 11.74% between 2023 and 2028. Policy management software has become a crucial component of information technology infrastructure for various industries, including financial services, insurance, energy, and manufacturing. The market for these solutions is witnessing significant growth due to several factors. One major trend is the increasing need for enhanced security in the face of rising data breaches. Another trend is the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and automation technologies to streamline policy management processes. However, the high implementation and maintenance costs of these software solutions remain a challenge for many organizations. Additionally, the shift towards cloud deployment is gaining traction as it offers cost savings, flexibility, and scalability. Effective information management solutions are essential for employee performance and regulatory compliance, making policy management software a vital investment for businesses seeking to stay competitive and secure in today's dynamic business environment.

What will be the Size of the Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing need for centralized management of organizational policies across various industries. Policy management software enables businesses to effectively manage their policies throughout their entire lifecycle, ensuring regulatory compliance, risk control, and litigation protection. Policy documentation is a crucial aspect of policy management. With policy management software, organizations can maintain up-to-date and easily accessible documentation. Real-time updates ensure that all stakeholders have access to the latest policies, reducing the risk of non-compliance. At-risk management is another key feature of policy management software.

Furthermore, it allows organizations to identify and mitigate potential risks by monitoring policy adherence and providing notifications and escalations when necessary. This feature is particularly important in industries such as transportation and healthcare, where non-compliance can result in serious consequences. Policy lifecycle management involves the creation, approval, implementation, and revision of policies. Automated reminders and electronic approval signatures streamline this process, ensuring that policies are reviewed and updated in a timely and efficient manner. Document versioning and revision tracking provide a clear record of changes, enhancing transparency and accountability. Accessibility is another important consideration in policy management. With the increasing trend of remote employment and mobile availability, policy management software must be accessible from anywhere, at any time.

Moreover, integration difficulties and security issues are common challenges in implementing policy management software, but they can be addressed through careful planning and implementation. Financial risks and regulatory compliance are major drivers of the market. Organizations face significant fines and reputational damage for non-compliance, making effective policy management a priority. cybersecurity is another area of concern, with the increasing number of cyber threats requiring strong policy frameworks to mitigate risks. Stakeholder involvement is essential in policy management. Policy management software enables organizations to involve all relevant stakeholders in the policy creation and review process, ensuring that policies reflect the needs and concerns of all parties involved.

Market Segmentation

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Deployment

  On-premises
  Cloud based


End-user

  Banking and financial services
  Insurance
  Healthcare
  Government
  Others


Geography

  North America

    US


  Europe

    UK


  APAC

    China


  Middle East and Africa



  South America

By Deployment Insights

The on-premises segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. Policy management software is a crucial tool for organizations to mitigate risks associated with non-compliance and ensure organizational efficiency. While cloud solutions offer convenience and flexibility, the on-premises model is more secure due to end-to-end quality control and no third-party interference. This model is particularly attractive to large enterprises and government agencies dealing with sensitive data. The on-premises market is poised for substantial growth during the forecast period. The upfront investm

This data collection is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that evaluate the Bush presidency and solicit opinions on a variety of political and social issues. Demographic information collected includes sex, age, race, education, family members serving in the Armed Forces in the Persian Gulf, family income, religion, ethnicity, political orientation, party preference, and voting behavior. Issues addressed in this survey include Bush's handling of the economy and foreign policy, how things were going in the United States compared with five years ago and what the situation would be five years from now, whether the country was heading in the right direction, the most important problem facing the country, and the political party that could best handle it. Respondents were also asked for their opinions of various public figures including Dan Quayle, Norman Schwarzkopf, and Dick Cheney. Other questions concerned whether the United States was in decline as a world power, the trustworthiness of the government and military, the country that will be the number one economic power in the world in the next century, and what the future holds for the next generation of Americans. The survey also posed a series of questions pertaining to the likelihood and appropriateness of future military intervention elsewhere by the United States now that the Persian Gulf War was over, sympathy for Israel vs. sympathy for Arab nations, the economic recession, the homeless, the drug problem, education, the environment, comparison of the Democratic vs. Republican parties on a variety of topics, voting for congressmen based on whether they voted to authorize war or continue economic sanctions, reducing the federal budget deficit, comparison of the technological advancement of the United States and Japan, and the likelihood of voting for George Bush or the Democratic candidate in 1992.

Discussion:

Using two well-known renewable energy transition case studies, potential transformations in the competitive landscape that are typically overlooked in policy design have been identified. Germany’s energy transition journey exemplifies the complexities arising from trying to achieve local industry development targets and high penetration targets, simultaneously, within a tight timeframe. With hindsight, we can say that policy has overlooked the potential competitive pressures that could have arisen from global suppliers, inhibiting the achievement of local goals. Additionally, the German experience demonstrates how underestimating future cost reductions in the supported renewable technology can result in transmuting a reasonable financial incentive to a profligate one, and consequently causing political controversy while trying to agree on policy amendments. Scenario planning and asking ‘what-if’ questions are routes to mitigating the associated uncertainty. Equivalently, policies can be designed with flexibility attached to them to adapt for potential changing market conditions In the US, regardless of the numerous federal and state policy instruments that were devised to support wind energy penetration, the natural gas value chain continued to improve its competitiveness in both the production of fuel and conversion to electric power – the supply cost curve moved downwards, even in the face of flat or growing demand levels. These improvements, which were not competitive reactions to wind industry growth, changed the landscape for all power generating technologies. We can imagine that this progress will continue, even assuming policy driven support for a new technology does not eat into the market share of the incumbent. It will therefore take longer than originally imagined by policy makers for the new entrant to become cost competitive in its own right. The high reliance of wind energy development on incentives for more than 20 years since the introduction of the wind PTC is an example. However, if the new entrant secures so great a penetration that demand for the incumbent begins to decline in absolute terms, the incumbent will move further down the supply curve to a lower marginal cost. This additional consequence of competition will further prolong the need for policy support for the new entrant. The scale and duration of financial commitments by governments are undoubtedly an important aspect of any policy, and the case studies tell us that policy suppleness with respect to the finances can prevent creating political controversy at later stages of policy implementation. Two characteristics of a supple policy are of particular importance; the first is concerned with the ability to reduce or cease financial support dedicated to a specific technology if the technology costs fall for whatever reason. The German case-study (i.e. second blind-spot) reflects the value of this option in the face of technology costs falling faster than anticipated. In the alternative case of renewable technology costs not falling as fast as those of incumbent fossil fuel supply chains, the danger is different. If the aim of policies supporting renewable energy is achieved – absolute reductions in consumption of fossil fuels – an economy may suffer higher energy prices than its competitors relying on fossil fuels. Renewables are only competitive with conventional fuels when their full cycle costs are comparable to the costs rather than the current market prices of fossil fuels. The continuing excess costs of renewables can only be borne by one of three stakeholders: investors (and their lenders), consumers, and taxpayers. There is no magical fourth source of funding. These higher energy costs are locked in once the capacity is installed, because of the high capital, low operating costs of wind and solar electricity. Furthermore, unless investors are coerced, there is a maximum contribution they will make based on their rate of return requirements. This leaves the balance to be shared between taxpayers and consumers, either directly or indirectly.It is not hard to imagine that governments seeking to bolster their economies will succumb to the temptation to reduce the costs of support to their transition strategies. This may cause investors relying upon incentives to fill the cost gap in their economic comparisons of conventional and renewable energy to hold back or require levels of commitment that are politically difficult to provide. At least in the current economic climate, energy prices and taxes appear to exert more influence on an electorate, and thus their political leaders, than an appetite for a clean energy transition.

This study is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Each data file in this collection represents a distinct nationwide survey that was conducted during 1977-1979. Approximately 1,000-1,500 randomly selected adults were surveyed by telephone in each poll. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Jimmy Carter and his handling of the presidency, foreign policy, and the economy, as well as their views on a range of current social and economic issues. The January 1977 Inauguration Poll (Part 1) asked respondents whether they believed newly inaugurated President Carter would be able to balance the federal budget, contain inflation, reduce unemployment, cut defense spending, restore trust in government, work effectively with Congress, and bring peace to the Middle East. Opinions were also elicited on other current issues, including capital punishment, amnesty for Vietnam draft evaders, building closer ties with China, and United States support for Black majority rule in South Africa. Part 2, June 1978 Education Poll, covered topics concerning the quality of public school education, school busing and racial integration of schools, the effects of single parents, working mothers, and television viewing on a child's education, standardized tests, classroom discipline, and homework. In Part 3, September 1978 Poll on Mid-East Summit Meeting, respondents were asked for their assessment of the chances for peace in the Middle East, their knowledge of the results of the Camp David summit with Egypt, Israel, and the United States, whether Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, or President Carter was most responsible for the agreements, and whether President Carter met their expectations with what he accomplished at the summit. Part 4, December 1978 Poll on China, focused on United States relations with China, the impact closer ties with China may have on relations between the United States and Taiwan, prospects for peace in the Middle East, and United States negotiations with the Soviet Union to cut back on military weapons. In the October 1979 Poll on Current Issues (Part 5) respondents were asked to identify what they believed to be the most important problems facing the country, and whether problems associated with rising prices and energy shortages had affected their lives directly. Background information on respondents includes voter participation history, political party affiliation, political orientation, age, race, religion, education, employment and household income.

The impacts of climate change have been occurring with increasing intensity and frequency, causing significant losses in various sectors of the global economy. In this perspective, agriculture, due to its great dependence on climate factors, is one of the most affected sectors, especially the family farming (F.F.) segment, which is the most vulnerable of all. Therefore, mapping which and what types of studies have been conducted regarding public policies for this segment of agriculture is important so that new research can be carried out that results in evidence for the development of measures that strengthen family farming in the face of the challenges imposed by climate change.