Land area (sq. km) in European Union was reported at 3996695 sq. Km in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Land area (sq. km) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Russia is the largest country in Europe, and also the largest in the world, its total size amounting to 17 million square kilometers (km2). It should be noted, however, that over three quarters of Russia is located in Asia, and the Ural mountains are often viewed as the meeting point of the two continents in Russia; nonetheless, European Russia is still significantly larger than any other European country. Ukraine, the second largest country on the continent, is only 603,000 km2, making it about 28 times smaller than its eastern neighbor, or seven times smaller than the European part of Russia. France is the third largest country in Europe, but the largest in the European Union. The Vatican City, often referred to as the Holy Sea, is both the smallest country in Europe and in the world, at just one km2. Population Russia is also the most populous country in Europe. It has around 144 million inhabitants across the country; in this case, around three quarters of the population live in the European part, which still gives it the largest population in Europe. Despite having the largest population, Russia is a very sparsely populated country due to its size and the harsh winters. Germany is the second most populous country in Europe, with 83 million inhabitants, while the Vatican has the smallest population. Worldwide, India and China are the most populous countries, with approximately 1.4 billion inhabitants each. Cities Moscow in Russia is ranked as the most populous city in Europe with around 13 million inhabitants, although figures vary, due to differences in the methodologies used by countries and sources. Some statistics include Istanbul in Turkey* as the largest city in Europe with its 15 million inhabitants, bit it has been excluded here as most of the country and parts of the city is located in Asia. Worldwide, Tokyo is the most populous city, with Jakarta the second largest and Delhi the third.

Surface area (sq. km) in European Union was reported at 4254541 sq. Km in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Surface area (sq. km) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

The average for 2021 based on 47 countries was 221323.2 sq. km. The highest value was in Russia: 8153116 sq. km and the lowest value was in Gibraltar: 0 sq. km. The indicator is available from 1990 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Population density (people per sq. km of land area) in European Union was reported at 112 sq. Km in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Population density (people per sq. km) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

The average for 2021 based on 27 countries was 148029 sq. km. The highest value was in France: 547557 sq. km and the lowest value was in Malta: 320 sq. km. The indicator is available from 1961 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The average for 2021 based on 47 countries was 487417 sq. km. The highest value was in Russia: 16376870 sq. km and the lowest value was in Monaco: 2 sq. km. The indicator is available from 1961 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

This dataset provides values for SURFACE AREA SQ KM WB DATA.HTML reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In 2022, the population density in the European Union remained nearly unchanged at around 112.05 inhabitants per square kilometer. Still, the population density reached its highest value in the observed period in 2022. Population density refers to the number of people living in a certain country or area, given as an average per square kilometer. It is calculated by dividing the total midyear population by the total land area.

This dataset provides values for ROAD DENSITY KM OF ROAD PER SQ KM OF LAND AREA WB DATA.HTML reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This statistics shows the size of the airspace in Europe and the U.S. in 2008. In the U.S, the airspace contained around 10 million square kilometers that year.

In 1913, Western Europe had one kilometer of railway line for every 10 square kilometers of land, which was more than double the rate of Central and Eastern Europe, and roughly 2.5 times the rate of Mediterranean Europe. Due to its vast size and sparse population distribution, Russia had the smallest railway network in proportion to its size, with one kilometer of rail for every 324 square kilometers of land.

With 450,295 square kilometers, Sweden is the largest Nordic country by area size, followed by Finland and Norway. This makes it the fifth largest country in Europe. Meanwhile, Denmark is the smallest of the five Nordic countries with only 43,094 square kilometers, however, the Danish autonomous region of Greenland is significantly larger than any of the Nordic countries, and is almost double the size of the other five combined.

Population

Sweden is also the Nordic country with the largest population. 10.45 million people live in the country. Denmark, Finland, and Norway all have between five and six million inhabitants, whereas only 370,000 people live in Iceland. Meanwhile, Denmark has the highest population density of the five countries. Greenland is the most sparsely populated permanently-inhabited country in the world, followed by the regions of Svalbard and Jan Mayen.

Geography

The five Nordic countries vary geographically. While Denmark is mostly flat, its highest point only stretching around 170 meters above sea level, Norway's highest peak is nearly 2,500 meters high. Moreover, Finland is known for its many lakes and is often called the land of a thousand lakes, whereas Iceland is famous for its volcanoes.

The European Remote Sensing Forest/Non-forest Digital Map was originally prepared for the European Space Agency (ESA) as a contribution to the World Forest Watch project of the International Space Year (ISY), 1992. The actual production of the map was carried out by a consortium of four companies, GAF mbH (Munich FRG), the Swedish Space Corporation (Kiruna), SCOT Conseil (France) and the National Land Survey of Finland (Helsinki). It is based entirely on the digital classification of NOAA/ AVHRR-HRPT (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer sensor - High Resolution Picture Transmission data) one-kilometer resolution multispectral data, approximately 70 scenes from the summer periods only of 1990 to 1992.

Only data from AVHRR channels 1, 2 and 3 with maximal geometric and radiometric resolution; that is, the central 1200 to 1600 pixels of any given scan line, was used to map European forest areas greater than one square kilometer. Because the AVHRR sensor is not capable of distinguishing among different European forest types, many broad classes (Boreal, Central European and Mediterranean) are grouped together as forest in the digital map.

For the 32 Landsat scenes compared with the NOAA/AVHRR forest/ non-forest classification, the overall accuracy (percentage of pixels correctly classified) was calculated as 82.5%, and the surface area accuracy (degree of agreement in areal extent between the NOAA/AVHRR results and the Landsat MSS used as ground truth) was found to be 93.8%.

Because the methodology used to produce the digital map is documented and was economically accomplished, the product is presumably replicable and could therefore be updated and/or used for monitoring purposes at scales of up to 1:2 million. See the summary documentation file for a description of the steps used by the consortium in the production of the digital map.

The source of the data set is the European Space Agency/European Space Research and Technology Centre, International Space Year (ESA/ESTEC ISY) Office (Noordwijk, The Netherlands), as modified by UNEP/GRID-Geneva. The proper reference to the data set is ESA, 1992, Remote sensing forest map of Europe (brochure), ESA/ESTEC, 18 pages. ESA/ESTEC also provides a paper entitled Digital data set of the remote sensing forest map of Europe; guidelines for data handling (as prepared by GAF-Munich in April 1993), which contains much useful information about their original digital data product and the seven individual data files they distribute as one entity. In addition, ESA/ESTEC distributes a paper map of the original product having the same name as above, at a scale of 1:6,000,000 (the paper map uses the Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection).

Users who would prefer to have other original portions of the European Forest/Non-forest Digital Map listed above, as opposed to the GRID version documented herein, are requested to contact ESA/ESTEC at P. O. Box 299; 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands (Mr. K. Pseiner; fax = 01719- 17400).

The rivers of Europe dataset is derived from the World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) HydroSHEDS drainage direction layer and a stream network layer. The source of the drainage direction layer was the 15-second Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM). The raster stream network was determined by using the HydroSHEDS flow accumulation grid, with a threshold of about 1000 km² upstream area. The stream network dataset consists of the following information: the origin node of each arc in the network (FROM_NODE), the destination of each arc in the network (TO_NODE), the Strahler stream order of each arc in the network (STRAHLER), numerical code and name of the major basin that the arc falls within (MAJ_BAS and MAJ_NAME); - area of the major basin in square km that the arc falls within (MAJ_AREA); - numerical code and name of the sub-basin that the arc falls within (SUB_BAS and SUB_NAME); - area of the sub-basin in square km that the arc falls within (SUB_AREA); - numerical code of the sub-basin towards which the sub-basin flows that the arc falls within (TO_SUBBAS) (the codes -888 and -999 have been assigned respectively to internal sub-basins and to sub-basins draining into the sea). The attributes table now includes a field named "Regime" with tentative classification of perennial ("P") and intermittent ("I") streams.

In 2025, Moscow was the largest city in Europe with an estimated urban agglomeration of 12.74 million people. The French capital, Paris, was the second largest city in 2025 at 11.35 million, followed by the capitals of the United Kingdom and Spain, with London at 9.84 million and Madrid at 6.81 million people. Istanbul, which would otherwise be the largest city in Europe in 2025, is excluded as it is only partially in Europe, with a sizeable part of its population living in Asia. Europe’s population is almost 750 million Since 1950, the population of Europe has increased by approximately 200 million people, increasing from 550 million to 750 million in these seventy years. Before the turn of the millennium, Europe was the second-most populated continent, before it was overtaken by Africa, which saw its population increase from 228 million in 1950 to 817 million by 2000. Asia has consistently had the largest population of the world’s continents and was estimated to have a population of 4.6 billion. Europe’s largest countries Including its territory in Asia, Russia is by far the largest country in the world, with a territory of around 17 million square kilometers, almost double that of the next largest country, Canada. Within Europe, Russia also has the continent's largest population at 145 million, followed by Germany at 83 million and the United Kingdom at almost 68 million. By contrast, Europe is also home to various micro-states such as San Marino, which has a population of just 30 thousand.

This dataset divides the European continent in major hydrological basins and their sub-basins according to its hydrological characteristics. It was obtained by delineating drainage basin boundaries from hydrologically corrected elevation data (WWF HydroSHEDS and Hydro1K). The dataset consists of the following information:- numerical code and name of the major basin (MAJ_BAS and MAJ_NAME); - area of the major basin in square km (MAJ_AREA); - numerical code and name of the sub-basin (SUB_BAS and SUB_NAME); - area of the sub-basin in square km (SUB_AREA); - numerical code of the sub-basin towards which the sub-basin flows (TO_SUBBAS) (the codes -888 and -999 have been assigned respectively to internal sub-basins and to sub-basins draining into the sea)

La moyenne pour 2021 était de 221323.2 sq. km. La valeur la plus élevée était au Fédération de Russie: 8153116 sq. km et la valeur la plus basse était au Gibraltar: 0 sq. km. Vous trouverez ci-dessous un graphique pour tous les pays où les données sont disponibles.

The natural sub basins of Europe is a feature dataset which subdivides natural basins bigger than 40,000 square Kilometres into sub catchments of a surface between 10,000 square Kilometres and 40,000 square Kilometres. Sub basins are defined using the catchment area of big tributaries as much as possible, and subdividing the main course of the river into upper, medium, and lower parts of the basin. The target is having a spatially homogeneous, but still with hydrological meaning units. These subdivisions are nested when river basins are big and tributaries drain a surface bigger than 40,000 square Kilometres, which in the case of Danube and Volga makes up to 3 levels of sub basins.

The Catchment Characterisation Model (CCM2) database covers the entire European continent, including the Atlantic islands, Iceland and Turkey. It includes a hierarchical set of river segments and catchments based on the Strahler order, a lake layer and structured hydrological feature codes based on the Pfafstetter system. It allows for analysis from the regional to the continental scale, corresponding to traditional mapping scales of up to 1:500,000. CCM2 covers an area of about 12,000,000 square kilometers and includes more than 2,000,000 primary catchments. These can be aggregated to drainage basins at different hierarchical levels, forming, for example, about 650 river basins of more than 1000 square kilometers. CCM2 further includes a coastline, fully congruent with the river basins, and some 70,000 lakes. The layers are generated from a 100 meters resolution digital terrestrial elevation model. The following layers are available: Seaoutlets: the major river basins, Main drains: the major rivers, Lakes: all surface water larger than 25x25 metres, Coastlines: coast line extracted from Image2000 imagery, River segments: Drainage channels from the primary catchments, Catchments: Primary catchments. This data-set refers to Lakes and River basins.