Russia's military capabilities outnumbered those of Ukraine for most indicators as of 2025. For example, the number of aircraft at the disposal of the Russian Army was close to 4,300, while the Ukrainian Armed Forces possessed 324 aircraft. Russia's naval fleet was 4.7 times larger than Ukraine's. Moreover, Russia was one of the nine countries that possessed nuclear weapons. As of early 2024, Russia held the world's largest inventory of nuclear warheads. How many soldiers does Ukraine have? Ukraine's Army counted approximately 2.2 million military personnel as of 2025. Of them, 900,000 were active military staff. Furthermore, 1.2 million soldiers were part of the country's reserve forces. To compare, Russia had approximately 1.32 million active military personnel and two million of reserve military personnel. Russia's active soldier count was the fourth-largest worldwide, while Ukraine's ranked sixth. Ukraine's tank strength Ukraine's Armed Forces possessed over 1,100 tanks as of 2025, which was more than five times less than Russia's. To support Ukraine during the Russian invasion, several Western countries made commitments to deliver tanks to Ukraine, including Leopard 2, Challenger 2, and M1 Abrams. Furthermore, Ukraine received other types of armored vehicles from Western countries, such as M133 armored personnel carriers from the United States and Mastiff (6x6) protected patrol vehicles from the United Kingdom.

As of 2025, the fleet strength of Russia outnumbered the naval forces of Ukraine by around 4.7 times. The Ukrainian Army was reported to have no corvettes, submarines, destroyers, and aircraft carriers.

As of 2025, the total number of aircraft of Russia outnumbered that of the Air Forces of Ukraine by more than 13 times. The number of Russian fighter aircraft amounted to 833, whereas Ukraine had 70 fighter aircraft.

Abstract

Beyond causing immediate hardship and triggering a large exodus of displaced people, Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine and the blockade of its Black Sea export routes have also led to sharp increases in grain prices and raised concern about global food security. To provide information to the government for developing policies and programs to support the agricultural sector in Ukraine, the World Bank launched a nationwide survey of post-invasion farmers in cooperation with the Ministry of Agricultural Policy and Food (MAPF), with financial support from the EU, in areas controlled by Ukraine from October to December of 2022. The survey objective is to obtain information on changes in welfare, production, and productivity in the small and medium farm sector between 2021 and 2022 and to identify ways on how farmers could be most effectively supported. Data was collected via phone by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) under the monitoring of World Bank research team.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The frame consisted of 63,374 registered farms. The distribution of farms by size and program participation shows that most of the farms are small (85%) with farm size less than 50 ha (35,264 PSG non-applicants vs. 18,605 PSG applicants) followed by farms with 50-120 ha (7.5% with 1,634 PSG non-applicants and 3,107 PSG applicants) and farms that are not eligible for PSG participation with size greater than 120 ha (7.5% with 2,743 less than 500 ha and 2,021 greater than 500 ha).

The expected sample size for the phone survey was 2,500 farms with 10% each in the small size category from PSG applicants and non-applicants, 20% each in the farm category of 50-120 ha from PSG applicants and non-applicants, 20% from the farm size category of 120-500 ha and 20% from the farm size category of greater than 500 ha. Given the expected high non-response rate of phone interviews, all the farms with size greater than 50 ha were included in the sample and then 1,125 and 1,126 farms were randomly selected from PSG non-participants and participants in the less than 50 ha category. The final response rate was about 20% with the lowest in the greater than 500 ha category (15%) and the highest in the 50-120 ha PSG non-applicant category (28%). The survey initially targets 2, 500 farms, and eventually collected data for 2, 251 farms.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The survey questionnaire comprised four sections namely: • Screener & Background • Household Roster • Agricultural Production • Property and Finance

Cleaning operations

Data have been collected electronically. Survey logic has been incorporated into the instrument. After data collection, mainly general data completeness and outliers have been checked. Also, all text responses to open-ended questions have been analyzed and coded if necessary.

The final data file contains data from 2,251 interviews. It was provided to the World Bank team in SPSS formats.

Response rate

The overall and cooperation response rates were 21.3% and 37.3% respectively.

Russia Imports from Ukraine of Cigarette Paper was US$9.8 Thousand during 2020, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Russia Imports from Ukraine of Cigarette Paper - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on April of 2025.

Key information about Ukraine Total Imports

• Ukraine Total Imports recorded 7.1 USD bn in Dec 2024, compared with a value of 6.2 USD bn in the previous month
• Ukraine Total Imports data is updated monthly, available from Jan 2002 to Dec 2024, with an average number of 4.6 USD bn
• The data reached an all-time high of 8.8 USD bn in Jul 2008 and a record low of 1.0 USD bn in Jan 2002

• In the latest reports, Ukraine Total Imports grew 13.7 % YoY in Dec 2024
• Total Exports grew 3.2 % YoY, to 3.3 USD bn in Dec 2024
• Ukraine Trade Balance recorded a deficit of 3.8 USD bn in Dec 2024

Russia is the largest country in Europe, and also the largest in the world, its total size amounting to 17 million square kilometers (km2). It should be noted, however, that over three quarters of Russia is located in Asia, and the Ural mountains are often viewed as the meeting point of the two continents in Russia; nonetheless, European Russia is still significantly larger than any other European country. Ukraine, the second largest country on the continent, is only 603,000 km2, making it about 28 times smaller than its eastern neighbor, or seven times smaller than the European part of Russia. France is the third largest country in Europe, but the largest in the European Union. The Vatican City, often referred to as the Holy Sea, is both the smallest country in Europe and in the world, at just one km2. Population Russia is also the most populous country in Europe. It has around 144 million inhabitants across the country; in this case, around three quarters of the population live in the European part, which still gives it the largest population in Europe. Despite having the largest population, Russia is a very sparsely populated country due to its size and the harsh winters. Germany is the second most populous country in Europe, with 83 million inhabitants, while the Vatican has the smallest population. Worldwide, India and China are the most populous countries, with approximately 1.4 billion inhabitants each. Cities Moscow in Russia is ranked as the most populous city in Europe with around 13 million inhabitants, although figures vary, due to differences in the methodologies used by countries and sources. Some statistics include Istanbul in Turkey* as the largest city in Europe with its 15 million inhabitants, bit it has been excluded here as most of the country and parts of the city is located in Asia. Worldwide, Tokyo is the most populous city, with Jakarta the second largest and Delhi the third.

Key information about Ukraine Total Exports

• Ukraine Total Exports recorded 3.3 USD bn in Dec 2024, compared with 3.7 USD bn in the previous month
• Ukraine Total Exports data is updated monthly, available from Jan 2002 to Dec 2024, with an averaged value of 3.7 USD bn
• The data reached an all-time high of 7.7 USD bn in Jul 2008 and a record low of 1.2 USD bn in Jan 2002

• In the latest reports, Ukraine Total Exports grew 3.2 % YoY in Dec 2024
• Total Imports recorded 7.1 USD bn in Dec 2024, which registered an increase of 13.7 % year on year
• Ukraine Trade Balance recorded a deficit of 3.8 USD bn in Dec 2024

Ukraine Imports from Russia of Cigarette Paper was US$112 during 2022, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Ukraine Imports from Russia of Cigarette Paper - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on May of 2025.

From January 24, 2022, to February 28, 2025, the European Union (EU) institutions, such as the Commission and the EU Council, provided around 52.1 billion euros in bilateral financial, humanitarian, and military aid to Ukraine in view of the Russian invasion that started in February 2022. The highest value of allocations was recorded from the United States at over 114 billion euros. U.S. aid to Ukraine As of February 28, 2025, the value of U.S. bilateral aid allocations to Ukraine represented 0.53 percent of 2021 donor GDP. The U.S. donated the largest amount of bilateral military, financial, and humanitarian aid to Ukraine. Generally, U.S. foreign aid to Ukraine has increased since 2015. Where does military aid to Ukraine come from? The U.S., Germany, the United Kingdom (UK), and Denmark were the largest suppliers of military aid to Ukraine. In monetary terms, the U.S. bilateral military assistance to the country reached approximately 64.6 billion euros as of February 28, 2025. As part of that aid, the U.S. transported over 7,700 air defense missiles and over 1,600 air defense systems to Ukraine and other European partners as of January 2025. Furthermore, the U.S. delivered the most units of M777 howitzer artillery to the country.

On behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government, the opinion research institute forsa has regularly conducted representative population surveys on the topic of Germany and the Ukraine War from calendar week 13/2022. The individual question areas were adapted according on the survey period. During the survey period from 07.11.2022 to 09.11.2022, the German-speaking resident population aged 14 and over was surveyed in telephone interviews (CATI). The respondents were selected by multi-stage random sample.
Greatest responsibility for the conflict between Ukraine and Russia (Russia, Ukraine, USA, NATO); Germany should continue to maintain the adopted economic sanctions against Russia vs. end; extent of concern about possible impact of war in Ukraine on Germany; specific concern about possible impact of war in Ukraine on Germany (open question); extent of concern about following related to war in Ukraine: Germany being drawn into a war with Russia, Germany taking on too much by taking in refugees from Ukraine, everything becoming more expensive, use of nuclear weapons, threat to basic food supply in Germany, threat to energy supply in Germany, personal financial situation worsening, financial difficulties due to additional payments for electricity and energy costs; satisfaction with regard to how the German government is dealing with the effects of the war in Ukraine on Germany; assessment of the potential for conflict in Germany between different social groups (rich and poor, young and old, East Germans and West Germans, left-wing and right-wing political forces, foreigners and Germans, Ukrainian refugees and Germans, people of Russian and non-Russian origin in Germany); extent of restrictions in personal everyday life due to current price increases; relief measures adopted by the federal government so far are sufficient vs. further relief is necessary; level of awareness of relief received personally or of relief for the household; noticeable relief for one´s own household through the relief measures adopted by the federal government so far; expected future relief for one´s own household through the relief measures adopted by the federal government so far.

Demography: sex; age (grouped); employment; education; household size; net household income (grouped); party preference in the next general election; voting behaviour in the last general election.

Additionally coded were: region; federal state; weight.

This is a pre-analysis plan for an experiment, carried out by YouGov on behalf of a team based at the European University Institute, Florence (IT). The experiment is part of a survey that will be administered to respondents in 5 EU countries. The survey experiment aims to test the salience of two logics of polity building in the EU (social security vs. external threat) in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. (2022-12-16)

Over 1.2 million refugees from Ukraine due to the Russian invasion fled to Germany as of April 2025. Furthermore, the second-highest number was recorded in Russia. In total, around 6.4 million Ukrainian refugees were registered across Europe and 6.9 million worldwide as of April 2025. Most of them fled the country by crossing the border with Poland. Ukrainian refugees in Germany As of January 2025, over 1.2 million refugees from Ukraine were recorded in Germany. The first increases in the number of Ukrainian refugees were registered in March and April 2022. At the end of January 2023, over one million refugees were officially counted by the authorities. Germany had the highest monthly financial allowance for Ukrainians who fled the war compared to other European countries as of June 2022. Temporary protection for Ukrainian refugees in the EU European Union (EU) members implemented the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD), which guaranteed access to accommodation, welfare, and healthcare to refugees from Ukraine. People fleeing the war had a right to a residence permit in the EU, enter the labor market, and enroll children in educational institutions. The protection is granted until March 4, 2026, but it can be extended in the future depending on the situation in the country.

Ukraine Exports of cigarette paper to Russia was US$6.31 Thousand during 2022, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Ukraine Exports of cigarette paper to Russia - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on April of 2025.

This merged dataset contains data on self-assessed happiness, collected through nationwide representative surveys conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) among the adult population of Ukraine in the period from 2001 to 2024. Happiness is measured using the question, "Do you consider yourself a happy person?" with five response options: "yes," "rather yes than no," "both yes and no," "rather no than yes," and "no." This question has been included in KIIS omnibus surveys since 2001, typically on an annual basis. However, in certain years (2003, 2004, 2019, and 2020), this question was not tracked, so data for those years are unavailable. The dataset combines data from 25 individual survey waves. All those surveys were carried out with samples representative of Ukraine's adult population (18 years and older), with an average sample size of around 2,000 respondents for each wave between 2001 and 2021, and approximately 1,000 respondents per wave between 2022 and 2024. In addition to the primary happiness data, the dataset includes socio-demographic variables such as gender, age, education, nationality, occupation, self-assessment of financial situation, and place of residence (oblast, type of settlement). These data allow for tracking changes in subjective well-being over time and exploring some of the factors that influence it, both at the national level and within different population groups. The data is available in an SAV format (Ukrainian, Russian, English) as well as a converted CSV format (with a codebook). The Data Documentation includes a short overview and discussion of survey results (with tables in Annex 1).

Russia Imports from Ukraine of Other Paper, Paperboard, Cellulose Wadding, Other Articles was US$1.74 Million during 2021, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Russia Imports from Ukraine of Other Paper, Paperboard, Cellulose Wadding, Other Articles - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on April of 2025.

This data collection contains updated data from the fourth survey wave conducted in November-December 2024 by the Centre for Economic Strategy (CES) as well as a report with the general findings of the latest survey. The data provides information about Ukrainian refugees who fled abroad due to the full-scale Russian invasion and their socio-demographic profile, their integration into the host country and their intentions for the future.

The sample size was 1000 people. The telephone numbers were randomly selected among Kyivstar and Vodafone subscribers who were abroad at the time of the survey. Representativeness was ensured through geographical quotas for the distribution of Ukrainians abroad based on data from the European Statistical Office, as well as official data on the number of Ukrainians who have moved to the UK, Canada and the United States. Recruitment and surveys did not include Ukrainians in Russia or Belarus.

The data from three previous waves of surveys (November-December 2022, April-May 2023, December 2023-January 2024), published as version 1.0 of this dataset, is also included in this data collection.

All four waves of the survey were conducted by the research agency "Info Sapiens", were commissioned by the Centre for Economic Strategy and funded by the International Renaissance Foundation.

Each wave of the survey is available in a separate .sav file. In addition, the questionnaires and codebooks (both in Ukrainian and English) for each wave are available in separate files.

This version (v1.2) is a slighty updated version of v1.1, in which variables were renamed for convenience and now also correspond to question numbers in the codebook.

Attitudes to the political, social and economic Transformation . Topics: Economic situation; economic transformations; development of private business, privatization of land and of large enterprises; buying and selling land; willingness to work for a private company; direction of foreign policy; freedom of expression of political views; return to socialism vs. develop capitalism; role of social groups; trust in family and relatives, oneself, neighbors, fellow citizens, god, colleagues, church, astrologers, mass media; police, communist party, political parties, "Rukh", nationalists, Verkhovna Rada (parliament), armed forces, government, president, private entrepreneurs, mangers of large state enterprises, trade unions (traditional and new); membership in organizations; leisure activities; newspapers read last week; interests in politics; capable political leaders; strong leader vs. democracy; multiparty system; political parties and movements, that deserve power; important political movements; participation and voting in the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) Elections (March 1998); trust in deputy elected in one´s district; opinion about the President Kuchma; preferred role of the president; preferred priority in the policies of the president; general political situation in Ukraine and Russia; joining the union of Russia and Belarus; Russian language as a official language; satisfaction with one´s own present position in society, one´s own contribution to society and with that what one gets from society; predominant influence on one´s own life; satisfied with outlook on life; mood last days; social position in society; ability to live under changing social conditions as regards to health, working, clothing, housing, economic knowledge, confidence in one´s own abilities, medical assistance, fashionable clothing, basic furniture, contemporary political knowledge, resolve in pursuing one´s goals, legal protection for defending one´s rights and interests, ability to have an adequate vacation, having a second, unofficial job, buying the most necessary products, initiative and independence in solving daily problems, adequate leisure time, opportunity to work to full potential, opportunity to eat according to one´s own tastes; general health condition; suffering from any chronic illnesses; frequency of catching a cold/flu last year; frequency of being sick; stressful situations during last year; consequences of the Chornobyl catastrophe for one´s own health; satisfaction with quality of life in one´s resident; close relatives living outside Ukraine; leaving current residence (influential factors); preferred place to live; satisfaction with living conditions; current living conditions; number of rooms; size of family; number of people living together in one room; equipment in the household; possession of goods; second resident; domestic animals/pets; material level of the family´s life (scale); second income; income group; salary last month and anything left for next months; responsibility for delayed payments of wages; average income of the last month; monthly income (per person) providing average life of one´s own family; monthly average income (per person) counted as poor/rich; changes of material conditions for medical services, vacation, leisure time, reliable information about events in Ukraine and in the world, raising children, freedom to express views, participation in cultural events, environmental situation, personal security, protection from the whims of bureaucrats and bodies of power, security of employment; frequency of hooliganism and robberies in one´s own district; decision which encroached on people´s interests and actions against it; probability of mass protest actions and participation in them; political protests; death penalty; attitudes towards ethnic groups; violation of ethnic groups; maintain of peace and order; frequency of changing place of employment; work in public or private sector; job satisfied; religious confession; nationality; native language; spoken languages; language of the interview.

Ukraine Exports of other paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding, other articles to Russia was US$339.88 Thousand during 2022, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Ukraine Exports of other paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding, other articles to Russia - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on June of 2025.

Estonia donated the most significant percentage of its 2021 gross domestic product (GDP) to help Ukraine over the period between January 24, 2022, and February 28, 2025. Estonia contributed 2.34 percent of its GDP in bilateral aid, followed by Denmark with 2.32 percent of GDP. Besides the Nordic and Baltic countries, Poland donated the largest share of GDP. Western countries sent aid to Ukraine in view of the Russian invasion that began in February 2022. Who donated the most to Ukraine? In absolute terms, the largest bilateral aid allocations to Ukraine were made by the United States, at over 114 billion euros as of February 28, 2025. European Union (EU) institutions, such as the European Commission and the European Council, allocated the second-largest amount of assistance, at almost 52.1 billion euros. The United Kingdom (UK) was the fourth-leading source of bilateral aid. EU aid to Ukraine The EU has supported Ukraine with over 17 billion euros in financial assistance since 2014 as of January 2022. Of them, the largest share of aid has been provided as additional loans from the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Among EU members, Germany allocated the largest amount of bilateral aid to Ukraine from January 24, 2022, at around 17 billion euros, while Estonia allocated the largest share of GDP.