In 2020, global gross domestic product declined by 6.7 percent as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak. In Latin America, overall GDP loss amounted to 8.5 percent.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United States expanded 3 percent in the second quarter of 2025 over the previous quarter. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States GDP Growth Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

By April 2026, it is projected that there is a probability of ***** percent that the United States will fall into another economic recession. This reflects a significant decrease from the projection of the preceding month.

Although the share of industry in GDP remained stable, it underwent significant fundamental changes. During this period, as a process of product restructuring, when a gross value was adjusted, production increased at current prices by 8 percent per annum. Then in 2004-09, the GDP growth rate increased to 20%. At the same prices, the annual but significant increase in employment was also 7.5 percent per annum. The work participation rate was 39.2 percent in 2009-10. Of these, 53 percent were in agriculture and the remaining 47 percent were in non-agricultural sectors. For the first time in the late 2000s, the number of perfect workers in the agricultural sector decreased. Unemployment in the economy as a whole has come down from 8.3 percent in 2004-05 to 6.6 percent in 2009-10. We can say that the Indian economy has performed well since 1991 but now the Indian economy is going through another turbulent period. The growth rate of the Indian economy has been slowing down since 2014. In addition to this, Kovid 19 has spread its legs in India and has slowed down the growth rate. The research paper will conclude the study of the Indian economy from 2014 to 2020, as well as three economic sectors.

Serbia’s gross domestic product advanced by 1% year-on-year in the third quarter of 2022, following a downwardly revised 3.8 % rise in the previous three-month period. It marks the fifth consecutive quarter of decelerating growth and the weakest growth rate since the last quarter of 2020, amid fading low-base effects and on the back of deteriorating global economic conditions. Household consumption slowed down (3.1% vs 3.8% in Q2) while both government spending (-4.5% vs 4.6%) and fixed investment (-2.2% vs 1.8%) decreased. Meanwhile, net external demand contributed positively to the GDP, as exports (14.9% vs 20.7% in Q3) advanced much faster than imports (7.8% vs 20.2%). On a seasonally adjusted quarterly basis, the Serbian economy contracted by 0.7%, compared to a 1.2% expansion in the previous quarter. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Serbia averaged 3.25 percent from 1997 until 2022, reaching an all time high of 26.20 percent in the second quarter of 2000 and a record low of -21.50 percent in the second quarter of 1999. This page provides - Serbia GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United States expanded 2 percent in the second quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States GDP Annual Growth Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Although the share of industry in GDP remained stable, it underwent significant fundamental changes. During this period, as a process of product restructuring, when a gross value was adjusted, production increased at current prices by 8 percent per annum. Then in 2004-09, the GDP growth rate increased to 20%. At the same prices, the annual but significant increase in employment was also 7.5 percent per annum. The work participation rate was 39.2 percent in 2009-10. Of these, 53 percent were in agriculture and the remaining 47 percent were in non-agricultural sectors. For the first time in the late 2000s, the number of perfect workers in the agricultural sector decreased. Unemployment in the economy as a whole has come down from 8.3 percent in 2004-05 to 6.6 percent in 2009-10. We can say that the Indian economy has performed well since 1991 but now the Indian economy is going through another turbulent period. The growth rate of the Indian economy has been slowing down since 2014. In addition to this, Kovid 19 has spread its legs in India and has slowed down the growth rate. The research paper will conclude the study of the Indian economy from 2014 to 2020, as well as three economic sectors.

Among CEOs in the CEE region, ** percent predicted that the global economy would slow down in 2020. A third predicted that it would remain the same, and about a quarter - that it would speed up.

This data is used to study energy transition and economic development, trade openness and natural resource rents.

The Volcker Shock was a period of historically high interest rates precipitated by Federal Reserve Chairperson Paul Volcker's decision to raise the central bank's key interest rate, the Fed funds effective rate, during the first three years of his term. Volcker was appointed chairperson of the Fed in August 1979 by President Jimmy Carter, as replacement for William Miller, who Carter had made his treasury secretary. Volcker was one of the most hawkish (supportive of tighter monetary policy to stem inflation) members of the Federal Reserve's committee, and quickly set about changing the course of monetary policy in the U.S. in order to quell inflation. The Volcker Shock is remembered for bringing an end to over a decade of high inflation in the United States, prompting a deep recession and high unemployment, and for spurring on debt defaults among developing countries in Latin America who had borrowed in U.S. dollars.

Monetary tightening and the recessions of the early '80s

Beginning in October 1979, Volcker's Fed tightened monetary policy by raising interest rates. This decision had the effect of depressing demand and slowing down the U.S. economy, as credit became more expensive for households and businesses. The Fed funds rate, the key overnight rate at which banks lend their excess reserves to each other, rose as high as 17.6 percent in early 1980. The rate was allowed to fall back below 10 percent following this first peak, however, due to worries that inflation was not falling fast enough, a second cycle of monetary tightening was embarked upon starting in August of 1980. The rate would reach its all-time peak in June of 1981, at 19.1 percent. The second recession sparked by these hikes was far deeper than the 1980 recession, with unemployment peaking at 10.8 percent in December 1980, the highest level since The Great Depression. This recession would drive inflation to a low point during Volcker's terms of 2.5 percent in August 1983.

The legacy of the Volcker Shock

By the end of Volcker's terms as Fed Chair, inflation was at a manageable rate of around four percent, while unemployment had fallen under six percent, as the economy grew and business confidence returned. While supporters of Volcker's actions point to these numbers as proof of the efficacy of his actions, critics have claimed that there were less harmful ways that inflation could have been brought under control. The recessions of the early 1980s are cited as accelerating deindustrialization in the U.S., as manufacturing jobs lost in 'rust belt' states such as Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania never returned during the years of recovery. The Volcker Shock was also a driving factor behind the Latin American debt crises of the 1980s, as governments in the region defaulted on debts which they had incurred in U.S. dollars. Debates about the validity of using interest rate hikes to get inflation under control have recently re-emerged due to the inflationary pressures facing the U.S. following the Coronavirus pandemic and the Federal Reserve's subsequent decision to embark on a course of monetary tightening.

In the second quarter of 2025, the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in China ranged at *** percent compared to the same quarter of the previous year. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. GDP growth in China In 2024, China ranged second among countries with the largest gross domestic product worldwide. Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, the country has experienced rapid social and economic development. In 2013, it became the world’s largest trading nation, overtaking the United States. However, per capita GDP in China was still much lower than that of industrialized countries. Until 2011, the annual growth rate of China’s GDP had constantly been above nine percent. However, economic growth has cooled down since and is projected to further slow down gradually in the future. Rising domestic wages and the competitive edge of other Asian and African countries are seen as main reasons for the stuttering in China’s economic engine. One strategy of the Chinese government to overcome this transition is a gradual shift of economic focus from industrial production to services. Challenges to GDP growth Another major challenge lies in the massive environmental pollution that China’s reckless economic growth has caused over the past decades. China’s development has been powered mostly by coal consumption, which resulted in high air pollution. To counteract industrial pollution, further investments in waste management and clean technologies are necessary. In 2017, about **** percent of GDP was spent on pollution control. Surging environmental costs aside, environmental issues could also be a key to industrial transition as China placed major investments in renewable energy and clean tech projects. The consumption of green energy skyrocketed from **** exajoules in 2005 to **** million in 2022.

Chad faces complex and often interlinked challenges that have contributed to its economic fragility while slowing down or undermining inclusive growth. This Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) identifies several key factors including insecurity; overreliance on oil revenue and the failure to use those revenues to bolster broad-based growth; climate change and variability; weak public financial management and business environment; and limited physical and human capital as the country’s main growth constraints. Insecurity within Chad and in neighboring countries has recently increased, making it a significant driver of short-run growth volatility. The CEM elaborates on several policy options to enhance economic inclusion and strengthen natural resource governance, which could contribute towards addressing some of the drivers of insecurity and promote inter-communal reconciliation. The prospect of a significant decline in oil production, solid population growth, and growing climate change challenges imply that even a successful implementation of proposed structural reforms would only lead Chad to achieve low-middle-income status by 2045.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in China expanded 5.20 percent in the second quarter of 2025 over the same quarter of the previous year. This dataset provides - China GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The role of developing countries is very important in dealing with global climate change because even the full elimination of developed country emissions would not avoid global warming. While the industrialized countries are urging big emitting developing countries (e.g., China, India) to enter into mandatory targets to reduce their GHG emissions, they are arguing against any quantified commitments in the near future. This issue is at the heart of the ongoing negotiations. One approach that developing countries are currently exploring is the implementation of GHG mitigation activities that do not impede their expected economic growth (i.e., pursue a strategy of low carbon economic growth) or implementation of so called win-win options for GHG mitigation. The WBG has launched studies in the six big emitting client countries (e.g., China, India, Mexico, Brazil, South Africa and Indonesia) to identify options for low carbon growth. While these studies are at different levels of development, none of these studies are expected to answer the following questions: (i) what level of GHG mitigation can these and other developing countries achieve without slowing down their expected economic growth? and how much would this mitigation contribute in meeting the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC? (ii) Even if the low carbon growth scenarios do not harm expected economic growth, how fair are they from a social perspective? Do these scenarios reduce income inequality and poverty? How would these scenarios impact low income households? (iii) If the win-win or low carbon growth scenarios do not result in significant contributions in meeting the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC, what would be economic impacts of more stringent measures to reduce GHG emissions? How would such measures impact the economic growth, income distribution and poverty? (iv) How would these results change if climate change adaptation is also taken into consideration? Answering these questions is enormously important to client countries in defining their short and long-term strategies to address the global climate change.

How Tariffs are Impacting the Economy

Tariffs impose additional costs on imported goods, which directly affect production costs and consumer prices. For industries dependent on international supply chains, these rising costs can lead to higher prices for end consumers.

As tariffs increase, businesses may face a reduction in profit margins, forcing them to either absorb the costs or pass them on to consumers. Additionally, tariffs can result in supply chain shifts as companies seek out alternative suppliers or move production to countries with lower tariffs.

The impact extends beyond the immediate sectors affected, influencing overall economic growth by slowing down trade flows, leading to inflation, and potentially reducing consumer purchasing power. Retaliatory tariffs from other countries may also exacerbate these effects, creating a cycle of escalating trade tensions and uncertainty in the global market.

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Full Year GDP Growth in World increased to 3.20 percent in 2024 from 2.80 percent in 2023. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for World Full Year GDP Growth.

Strong swings in Kenya's economic performance and slowing down in overall growth reflect the fundamental structural problems of the economy. Kenya now faces the necessity of making difficult and far-reaching policy decisions to remedy these structural weaknesses in the context of a generally unfavorable world economic environment. Efforts must be made to revitalize the agricultural sector, restructure the industrial sector to make it more internationally competitive, design government expenditure plans which are consistent with resource availablities, support growth of the productive sectors and contribute to meeting basic needs, and reduce the rate of population growth. The Fourth Plan makes these efforts, but the program of structural adjustment must be executed first. The structural adjustment program should result in a more equitable pattern of income distribution and a manageable balance of payments situation. A second phase of the program is under consideration. Fundamental restructuring of the pattern of development will be difficult but is essential. Agricultural issues are discussed in the annex.

The global Microprocessing Unit (MPU) market is poised to expand at a CAGR of 6.9% over the forecast period of 2025-2033, reaching a market size of $124.45 billion by 2033. The increasing demand for MPUs in consumer electronics, communication industry, automotive, and industrial control applications is driving market growth. The market is segmented by application, type, company, and region. Major drivers of growth include rising adoption of IoT devices, increasing use of AI and ML, and advancements in automotive technology. Key trends in the MPU market include the growing popularity of ARM-based MPUs, the increasing adoption of multi-core MPUs, and the emergence of heterogeneous computing. Restraints to market growth include the slowing down of the global economy, the ongoing chip shortage, and the geopolitical uncertainties. The North American region is expected to dominate the market throughout the forecast period, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. Key players in the market include Intel, Qualcomm, AMD, Freescale, Nvidia, TI, IBM Corporation, Baikal Electronics, AppliedMicro, Toshiba Corporation, and Broadcom.

Retail Sales in the United States increased 3.90 percent in June of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - United States Retail Sales YoY - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Great Recession was a period of economic contraction which came in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008. The recession was triggered by the collapse of the U.S. housing market and subsequent bankruptcies among Wall Street financial institutions, the most significant of which being the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history. These economic convulsions caused consumer confidence, measured by the Consumer Confidence Index (CCI), to drop sharply in 2007 and the beginning of 2008. How does the Consumer Confidence Index work? The CCI measures household's expectation of their future economic situation and, consequently, their likely future spending and savings decisions. A score of 100 in the index would indicate a neutral economic outlook, with consumers neither being optimistic nor pessimistic about the near future. Scores below 100 are then more pessimistic, while scores above 100 indicate optimism about the economy. Consumer confidence can have a self-fulfilling effect on the economy, as when consumers are pessimistic about the economy, they tend to save and postpone spending, contracting aggregate demand and causing the economy to slow down. Conversely, when consumers are optimistic and willing to spend, this can have a reinforcing effect as wages and employment may rise when consumers spend more. CCI and the Great Recession As the reality of the trouble which the U.S. financial sector was in set in over 2007, consumer confidence dropped sharply from being slightly positive, to being deeply pessimistic by the Summer of 2008. While confidence began to slowly rebound up until September 2008, with the panic caused by Lehman's bankruptcy and the freezing of new credit creation, the CCI plummeted once more, reaching its lowest point during the recession in February 2008. The U.S. government stepped in to prevent the bankruptcy of AIG in 2008, promising to do the same for any future possible failures in the financial system. This 'backstopping' policy, whereby the government assured that the economy would not be allowed to fall further into crisis, along with the Federal Reserve's unconventional monetary policies used to restart the economy, contributed to a rebound in consumer confidence in 2009 and 2010. In spite of this, consumers still remained pessimistic about the economy.