In 2022, more than 1.12 billion people were living in slums worldwide. The urban population living in slums has been increasing steadily since 2000.

As of 2022, 24.8 percent of the global urban population lived in slums. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the slum population amounted to 53.6 percent of the total population which is the highest out of all major regions. In Australia and New Zealand, on the other hand, the urban population living in slums was zero in 2022.

Germany DE: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data was reported at 0.010 % in 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.010 % for 2016. Germany DE: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.010 % from Dec 2016 (Median) to 2018, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.010 % in 2018 and a record low of 0.010 % in 2018. Germany DE: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population living in slums is the proportion of the urban population living in slum households. A slum household is defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof lacking one or more of the following conditions: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient living area, housing durability, and security of tenure, as adopted in the Millennium Development Goal Target 7.D. The successor, the Sustainable Development Goal 11.1.1, considers inadequate housing (housing affordability) to complement the above definition of slums/informal settlements.;United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT);Weighted average;

Cuba CU: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data was reported at 10.542 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.493 % for 2018. Cuba CU: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 5.299 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2020, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.542 % in 2020 and a record low of 2.154 % in 2004. Cuba CU: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cuba – Table CU.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population living in slums is the proportion of the urban population living in slum households. A slum household is defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof lacking one or more of the following conditions: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient living area, housing durability, and security of tenure, as adopted in the Millennium Development Goal Target 7.D. The successor, the Sustainable Development Goal 11.1.1, considers inadequate housing (housing affordability) to complement the above definition of slums/informal settlements.;United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT);Weighted average;

As of 2022, over 41 percent of the Indian urban population lived in slums. There was a downward trend in the share of slum dwellings as a share of the urban population since 2000. A slum is defined by World Bank as a group of individuals living under the same roof, lacking one or more of the basic necessities.

Equatorial Guinea GQ: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data was reported at 66.200 % in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 66.300 % for 2005. Equatorial Guinea GQ: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 66.250 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2014, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 66.300 % in 2005 and a record low of 66.200 % in 2014. Equatorial Guinea GQ: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Equatorial Guinea – Table GQ.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population living in slums is the proportion of the urban population living in slum households. A slum household is defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof lacking one or more of the following conditions: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient living area, and durability of housing.; ; UN HABITAT, retrieved from the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals database. Data are available at : http://mdgs.un.org/; Weighted Average;

Colombia CO: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data was reported at 9.700 % in 2020. This stayed constant from the previous number of 9.700 % for 2018. Colombia CO: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 14.455 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2020, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.177 % in 2000 and a record low of 9.700 % in 2020. Colombia CO: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population living in slums is the proportion of the urban population living in slum households. A slum household is defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof lacking one or more of the following conditions: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient living area, housing durability, and security of tenure, as adopted in the Millennium Development Goal Target 7.D. The successor, the Sustainable Development Goal 11.1.1, considers inadequate housing (housing affordability) to complement the above definition of slums/informal settlements.;United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT);Weighted average;

Brazil BR: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data was reported at 14.897 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 14.897 % for 2014. Brazil BR: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 21.511 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 34.740 % in 2000 and a record low of 14.897 % in 2016. Brazil BR: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population living in slums is the proportion of the urban population living in slum households. A slum household is defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof lacking one or more of the following conditions: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient living area, housing durability, and security of tenure, as adopted in the Millennium Development Goal Target 7.D. The successor, the Sustainable Development Goal 11.1.1, considers inadequate housing (housing affordability) to complement the above definition of slums/informal settlements.;United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT);Weighted average;

Mexico MX: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data was reported at 11.100 % in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 14.400 % for 2007. Mexico MX: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 17.150 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2014, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.100 % in 1990 and a record low of 11.100 % in 2014. Mexico MX: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population living in slums is the proportion of the urban population living in slum households. A slum household is defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof lacking one or more of the following conditions: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient living area, and durability of housing.; ; UN HABITAT, retrieved from the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals database. Data are available at : http://mdgs.un.org/; Weighted average;

As per the Census data dated 2011, the slum dwellers population in Mumbai was the highest among all other major metropolitan cities of India, at around five million. Hyderabad and Delhi followed it. A total of about 65 million people were estimated to be living in slums across the country.

Proportion of urban population living in slums or informal settlements per country, territory and region, based on 4 out of 5 main household shelter deprivations defined by UN-Habitat as indicators of informality: lack of access to improved water, lack of access to improved sanitation, lack of sufficient living area and quality/durability of structure. Security of tenure is the fifth deprivation that is not included due to data limitations.
Proportion of urban population living in inadequate housing, calculated based on households with net monthly expenditure on housing exceeding 30% of their total monthly income.
Total urban population living in slums or informal settlements per country, territory and region, based on 4 out of 5 main household shelter deprivations defined by UN-Habitat as indicators of informality: lack of access to improved water, lack of access to improved sanitation, lack of sufficient living area and quality/durability of structure. Security of tenure is the fifth deprivation that is not included due to data limitations.

Syria SY: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data was reported at 19.300 % in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 22.500 % for 2007. Syria SY: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 19.300 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2014, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.500 % in 2007 and a record low of 10.500 % in 2005. Syria SY: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Syrian Arab Republic – Table SY.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population living in slums is the proportion of the urban population living in slum households. A slum household is defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof lacking one or more of the following conditions: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient living area, and durability of housing.; ; UN HABITAT, retrieved from the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals database. Data are available at : http://mdgs.un.org/; Weighted average;

Morocco MA: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data was reported at 13.100 % in 2014. This stayed constant from the previous number of 13.100 % for 2009. Morocco MA: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 13.100 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2014, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 37.400 % in 1990 and a record low of 13.100 % in 2014. Morocco MA: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Morocco – Table MA.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population living in slums is the proportion of the urban population living in slum households. A slum household is defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof lacking one or more of the following conditions: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient living area, and durability of housing.; ; UN HABITAT, retrieved from the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals database. Data are available at : http://mdgs.un.org/; Weighted average;

Egypt EG: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data was reported at 10.600 % in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13.100 % for 2009. Egypt EG: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 17.100 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2014, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 50.200 % in 1990 and a record low of 10.600 % in 2014. Egypt EG: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population living in slums is the proportion of the urban population living in slum households. A slum household is defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof lacking one or more of the following conditions: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient living area, and durability of housing.; ; UN HABITAT, retrieved from the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals database. Data are available at : http://mdgs.un.org/; Weighted Average;

We collected the data presented in this paper in partnership with the slum dwellers in order to overcome the challenges such as validity and efficacy of self-reported data. Our survey of Bangalore slums covered 36 slums across the city. The slums were chosen based on stratification criteria which included the geographical location of the slums, whether the slums were resettled or rehabilitated, slums in planned localities, the size of the slum and the religious profile. This paper describes the relational model of the slum dataset, the variables in the dataset, the variables constructed for analysis and the issues identified with the dataset. The data collected includes around 267,894 data points spread over 242 questions for 1107 households. The dataset can facilitate interdisciplinary research on spatial and temporal dynamics of urban poverty and well-being in the context of rapid urbanization of cities in developing countries.

In 2010, an estimated 860 million people were living in slums worldwide with around 60 million added to the slum population between 2000 and 2010. In 2011, 200 million people in urban Indian households were considered to live in slums. To identify the poor is to be able to deliver benefits to them. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of highly granular data at the level of individual slums. We collected the data presented in this paper in partnership with the slum dwellers in order to overcome the challenges such as validity and efficacy of self-reported data. Our survey of Bangalore slums covered 36 slums across the city. The slums were chosen based on stratification criteria which included the geographical location of the slums, whether the slums were resettled or rehabilitated, slums in planned localities, the size of the slum and the religious profile. This paper describes the relational model of the slum dataset, the variables in the dataset, the variables constructed for analysis and the issues identified in the dataset. The data collected includes around 267,894 data points spread over 242 questions for 1107 households. The dataset can facilitate interdisciplinary research on spatial and temporal dynamics of urban poverty and well-being in the context of rapid urbanization of cities in developing countries.

Vietnam VN: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data was reported at 27.200 % in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 35.200 % for 2009. Vietnam VN: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 41.300 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2014, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 60.500 % in 1990 and a record low of 27.200 % in 2014. Vietnam VN: Population Living in Slums: % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population living in slums is the proportion of the urban population living in slum households. A slum household is defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof lacking one or more of the following conditions: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient living area, and durability of housing.; ; UN HABITAT, retrieved from the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals database. Data are available at : http://mdgs.un.org/; Weighted average;

In 2018, around 58 percent of the urban population in East Africa lived in slums. The share was higher in South Sudan, where nearly the entire amount of urban residents (91.4 percent) were living in slums. Rwanda and Kenya were the countries with the lowest share of slum population, 42.1 and 46.5 percent, respectively.

Proportion of urban population living in slums or informal settlements per country, territory and region, based on 4 out of 5 main household shelter deprivations defined by UN-Habitat as indicators of informality: lack of access to improved water, lack of access to improved sanitation, lack of sufficient living area and quality/durability of structure. Security of tenure is the fifth deprivation that is not included due to data limitations.
Proportion of urban population living in inadequate housing, calculated based on households with net monthly expenditure on housing exceeding 30% of their total monthly income.
Total urban population living in slums or informal settlements per country, territory and region, based on 4 out of 5 main household shelter deprivations defined by UN-Habitat as indicators of informality: lack of access to improved water, lack of access to improved sanitation, lack of sufficient living area and quality/durability of structure. Security of tenure is the fifth deprivation that is not included due to data limitations.

Abstract

A nationwide survey on "Particulars of Slums" was carried-out by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) during the period January-June, 1993 in its 49th round to ascertain the extent of civic facilities available in the slums. The 49th round survey among other objectives also collected data on the condition of slum dwellings as well as on some general particulars of slum areas. Apart from formulating the sampling design with an emphasis to obtain an adequate number of slum households for the survey on housing condition and migration, surveyed the slum areas and collected information on slums. The schedule 0.21 was canvassed in both the rural and urban areas. All the slums, both the declared ones as well as the others (undeclared), found in the selected first stage units were surveyed even if hamlet-group/sub-block selection was resorted to in some of then. To ascertain the extent of civic facilities available in the slums as well as the information regarding the improvement of slum condition during a period of last five years was also collected. Information was collected by contacting one or more knowledgeable persons in the FSU on the basis of predominant criterion in both declared and undeclared slums, and not through household approach.

Geographic coverage

The geographical coverage of the survey was the whole of the Indian Union except Ladakh & Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, 768 interior villages of Nagaland and 172 villages in Andaman & Nicobar islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. However, certain districts of Jammu & Kashmir viz. Doda, Anantanag, Pulwama, Srinagar, Badgam, Barmula & Kupwara, as well as Amritsar district in Punjab, had to be excluded from the survey coverage due to unfavourable field conditions.

Sampling procedure

Sample Design : The first stage units in the rural sector and urban sector were census villages and urban frame survey (UFS) blocks respectively. However for newly declared towns of the 1991 census,for which UFS frames were not available, census EBs were used as first stage units.

Sampling frame for fsu's : In the rural sector, the sampling frame in most of the districts was the 1981 census list of villages. However, in Assam and in 8 districts of Madhya Pradesh, 1971 Census lists of villages were used. For Nagaland, the villages situated within 5 kms of a bus route constituted the sampling frame. For the Andaman & Nicobar islands the list of accessible villages was used as sampling frame. In the urban sector, the lists of NSS urban frame survey (UFS) blocks were the sampling frames used in most cases. However, 1991 Census house - listing enumeration blocks were considered as the sampling units for some of the newly declared towns of the 1991 population census, for which UFS frames were not available.

Stratification : Each state/u.t. was divided into one or more agro-economic regions by grouping contiguous districts which are similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, some districts were subdivided for the purpose of region formation on the basis of location of dry areas and the distribution of tribal population in the state. The total number of regions formed in the whole of India was 78.

In the rural sector, within each region, each district with a rural population of less than 1.8 million according to the 1981 Census formed a single basic stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, depending on population, by grouping contiguous tehsils, similar as far as possible in respect of rural population density & crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, in the case of districts extending over more than one region, the portion of a district falling in each region constituted a separate stratum even if the rural population of the district as a whole was less than 1.8 million. Further, in Assam, the strata formed for the earlier NSS round on the basis of 1971 Census rural population exactly in the above manner, but with a cutoff point of 1.5 million population, were retained as the strata for rural sampling.

In the urban sector, strata were formed, within NSS regions, on the basis of 1981 (1991 in some of the new towns) Census population. Each city with a population of 10 lakhs or more formed a separate stratum itself. The remaining towns of each region were grouped to form three different strata on the basis of 1981 (1991 in a few cases) census population.

Sub stratification of urban strata : In order to be able to allocate a large proportion of the first stage sample to slum-dominated areas than would otherwise be possible, each stratum in the urban sector was divided into two "sub-strata" a s follows. Sub-stratum 1 was constituted of the UFS blocks in the stratum with a "slum area" indicated in the frame. Substratum 2 was constituted of the remaining blocks of the stratum.

Allocation of sample : A total all-India sample of 8000 first stage units (5072 villages and 2928 urban blocks) determined on the basis of investigator strength in different state/u.t's and the expected workload per investigator was first allocated to the states/u.t's in proportion to Central Staff available. The sample thus obtained for each state/u.t. was then allocated to its rural & urban sectors considering the relative sizes of the rural & urban population with double weightage for the urban sector. Within each sector of a state/u.t., the allotted sample size was reallocated to the different strata in proportion to stratum population. Stratum-level allocations were adjusted so that the sample size for a stratum (rural or urban) was at least a multiple of 4. This was done in order to have equal sized samples in each sub-sample and sub-round.

In the urban sector, stratum-level allocations were further allocated to the two sub-strata in proportion to the number of UFS blocks in the sub-strata, with double weightage to sub-stratum 1, with a minimum sample size of 4 blocks to sub-stratum 1 (2 if stratum allocation was only 4). Sub-stratum level allocations were made even in number.

Selection of fsu's : Sample villages except in Arunachal Pradesh were selected by pps systematic sampling with population as the size variable and sample blocks by simple random sampling without replacement. In both sectors the sample of fsu's was drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples. (In Arunachal Pradesh the sample of villages was drawn by a cluster sampling procedure. The field staff were supplied with a list of sample "nucleus" villages and were advised to select cluster of villages building up each cluster around a nucleus village according to prescribed guidelines. The nucleus villages were selected circular-systematically with equal probability in the form of two ) independent sub-samples.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire consisted of 6 blocks (including 0) as given below : Block - 0 : descriptive identification of sample village/block having slum Block - 1 : identification of sample village/block having slum. Block - 3 : Remarks by investigator. Block - 4 : Comments by Supervisory Officer(s). Block - 5 : Particulars about slum.

Response rate

1572 slums spread over 5072 villages and 2928 urban blocks in the sample have been surveyed.

Series Name: Proportion of urban population living in slums (percent)Series Code: EN_LND_SLUMRelease Version: 2021.Q2.G.03 This dataset is part of the Global SDG Indicator Database compiled through the UN System in preparation for the Secretary-General's annual report on Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.Indicator 11.1.1: Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housingTarget 11.1: By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slumsGoal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainableFor more information on the compilation methodology of this dataset, see https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/