The SNOTEL data retrieval tools provides an interactive process to identify and retrieve data from individual SNOTEL sites. The user does not need to know the ID for the site but must know either it's general location or the name of the siteThis record was taken from the USDA Enterprise Data Inventory that feeds into the https://data.gov catalog. Data for this record includes the following resources: For complete information, please visit https://data.gov.

The NRCS National Water and Climate Center's Interactive Map displays both current and historic hydrometeorological data in an easy-to-use, visual interface. The information on the map comes from many sources. Natural Resources Conservation Service snowpack and precipitation data are derived from manually-collected snow courses and automated Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) and Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) stations. Other data sources include precipitation, streamflow, and reservoir data from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (BoR), the Applied Climate Information System (ACIS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and other hydrometeorological monitoring entities. The Interactive Map has two regions: the map display itself, and the map controls which determine both the display mode and the types of data and stations to show on the map: Display Modes; Map Components; Station Conditions Controls; Basin Conditions Controls; Station Inventory Controls. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Interactive Map home. File Name: Web Page, url: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/wcc/home/quicklinks/predefinedMaps/ The Interactive Map provides spatial visualization of current and historic hydrometeorological data collected by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and other monitoring agencies. The map also provides station inventories based on sensor and geographic filters. This page has links to pre-defined maps organized by data type. After opening a map, users can zoom to area of interest, customize the map, and then bookmark the URL to save the settings.

This resource contains files required to retrieve precipitation accumulation (PREC), precipitation increment (PRCP), snow-adjusted precipitation increment (PRCPSA), snow water equivalent (WTEQ), and snow rain ratio (SNRR) from the SNOTEL network for a specified group of sites and a period of interest. A Jupyter Notebook (Main.ipynb) first reads the geographical information of SNOTEL sites (latitude and longitude values from the NRCS_SNOTEL_Locations_noAlaska.csv file) and gets other required parameters (including the start time, end time, and the state abbreviation), and then runs the python script (getData.py) to retrieve data.

The getData.py can be changed depending on the variable of your interest. For more details on what other variables are available, visit: https://wcc.sc.egov.usda.gov/reportGenerator/ https://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/web_service/AWDB_Web_Service_Reference.htm

This has been tested using CyberGIS-Jypyter for Water. To start working with these scripts, click on the Open With button on the top right and select CyberGIS-Jypyter for Water. From that page, open the Main.ipynb and follow the steps.

SNOTEL (SNOwpack TELemetry) is an automated monitoring system operated by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) that provides critical water and climate data across the western United States. Network Infrastructure Physical Network Over 900 automated stations across 11 western states including AlaskaLocated in remote, high-elevation mountain watershedsDesigned to operate unattended for a year or more without maintenance Monitoring Capabilities Standard Measurements Snow water equivalent (SWE) using pressure-sensing snow pillowsAccumulated precipitation via storage gaugesAir temperature (daily maximum, minimum, and averages)Snow depth measurements Enhanced Sites Soil moisture and temperature at various depthsSolar radiationWind speed and directionRelative humidityAtmospheric pressure Data Collection Technical Specifications Measurements recorded every 15 minutesData transmitted multiple times dailyUses meteor burst, cellular, and satellite communication systemsCan accommodate up to 64 channels of data Applications Primary Uses Water supply forecastingFlood predictionAgricultural planningHydroelectric power operationsClimate research Economic Impact Helps prevent significant revenue losses for utility companiesEnables better agricultural planning and resource managementSupports emergency management for floods and avalanches The system serves as the backbone for water resource management in the western United States, providing essential data for both public and private sector decision-making.

Monthly snowpack data for all SNOTEL and SNOW network stations in New Mexico for all water years from the start of historical monitoring to the present from the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) division of the USDA. This data was retrieved and aggregated by NMBGMR from https://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/snow/ on February 19, 2020.

All point features representing NRCS SNOTEL (SNOwpack TELemetry) sites for the State of Wyoming. One attribute field provides a URL link to that station's data web page. This data orginated from NRCS Casper, Wyoming Office and were generalized to the nearest 100th decimal degrees.Aid with climate studies, air and water quality investigations, and resource management concerns are all served by the modern SNOTEL network. The high-elevation watershed locations and the broad coverage of the network provide important data collection opportunities to researchers, water managers, and emergency managers for natural disasters such as floods.

This data set provides daily 4 km snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow depth over the conterminous United States. It was developed at the University of Arizona (UA) under the support of the NASA MAP and SMAP Programs. The data were created by assimilating in-situ snow measurements from the National Resources Conservation Service's SNOTEL network and the National Weather Service's COOP network with modeled, gridded temperature and precipitation data from PRISM.

This data set provides daily 4 km snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow depth over the conterminous United States. It was developed at the University of Arizona (UA) under the support of the NASA MAP and SMAP Programs. The data were created by assimilating in-situ snow measurements from the National Resources Conservation Service's SNOTEL network and the National Weather Service's COOP network with modeled, gridded temperature and precipitation data from PRISM.

These data describes changes in western US snow water equivalent (SWE) over the 1982–2017 water years. This includes observations of SWE from the NRCS SNOTEL network, the parameters used to fit the observed annual cycles of SWE to a gamma distribution PDF, and the parameters needed to recreate western US SWE on an equal angle grid. SWE values for the beginning of the water years in the fitted and fitted+interpolated values are overestimated. Thus, these data do not constitute a continuous time series from one year to the next. This is due to the fact that the tail of the Gamma distribution PDF does not drop off quickly enough to capture the rise in SWE at the beginning of the water year.

The U.S. Daily Climate Normals for 2006 to 2020 are 15-year averages of meteorological parameters that provide users supplemental normals for specialized applications for thousands of locations across the United States, as well as U.S. Territories and Commonwealths, and the Compact of Free Association nations. The stations used include those from the NWS Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) Network as well as some additional stations that have a Weather Bureau Army-Navy (WBAN) station identification number, including stations from the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) and other automated observation stations. In addition, precipitation normals for stations from the U.S. Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) Network and the citizen-science Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow (CoCoRaHS) Network are also available. The Daily Climate Normals dataset includes various derived products such as air temperature normals (including maximum and minimum temperature normals, heating and cooling degree day normals, and others), precipitation normals (including precipitation and snowfall totals, and percentiles, frequencies and other statistics of precipitation, snowfall, and snow depth), and agricultural normals (growing degree days (GDDs)). All data utilized in the computation of the 2006-2020 Climate Normals were taken from the Global Historical Climatology Network-Daily, but the Daily Normals are adjusted so that they are consistent with the Monthly Normals. The source datasets (including intermediate datasets used in the computation of products) are also archived at NOAA NCEI. A comparatively small number of station normals sets (~50) have been added as Version 1.0.1 to correct quality issues or because additional historical data during the 1991-2020 period has been ingested.

The Snow and Water Interactive Map displays both current and historic hydrometeorological data in an easy-to-use, visual interface. The Snow and Water Interactive Map displays both current and historic hydrometeorological data in an easy-to-use, visual interface. The information on the map comes from many sources. Natural Resources Conservation Service snowpack and precipitation data are derived from manually-collected snow courses and automated Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) and Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) stations. Other data sources include precipitation, streamflow, and reservoir data from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (BoR), the Applied Climate Information System (ACIS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and other hydrometeorological monitoring entities. Information supplied by the map is updated three times daily.

The Interactive Map has two regions: the map display (on the left) and the map controls (on the right). You use the map controls to determine both the display mode and the types of data and stations to show on the map.

The .Rdata datasets were created to be used in the Snowbedo R Package, available on GitHub at : https://github.com/cahhansen/Snowbedo. The Snowbedo package and models were developed in part with support of the iUTAH project, under the Research Focus Area 3: Understanding the ties between human and environmental water systems.

The datasets contain a collection of time series of streamflow, meteorological, and land surface/atmospheric data which can be used to calibrate streamflow models. Each dataset corresponds to a different watershed/stream in the Wasatch Mountains.

Variables and their definitions are as follows: Date - date, Year-Month-Day Streamflow - streamflow rate in cms (from Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities) Tmax_C - maximum temperature, degrees Celsius from sub-daily measurements (SNOTEL) Tmin_C - minimum temperature, degrees Celsius from sub-daily measurements (SNOTEL) SWE_cm - snow water equivalent, centimeters (SNOTEL) Albedo - average watershed albedo (derived from MOD01A1 product) SolarRad_Whm2d - shortwave downwelling radiation, W-h/m2/day (from CERES SYN1deg product) SnowCover - percentage of watershed covered by snow (derived from MOD01A1 product) SnowDepth_cm - depth of snow, centimeters (SNOTEL) Precip_cm - precipitation, centimeters/day (SNOTEL)

Additional parameters are also included for exploring the effects of the lagged parameters (lagged by one day) on streamflow.

Streams and the locations of the SLCDPU Gage Location and their corresponding SNOTEL sites are as follows: City Creek - 40.7841, -111.883; SNOTEL Site: Louis Meadow (972) Little Cottonwood - 40.579, -111.798; SNOTEL Site: Snowbird (766) Lambs Creek -40.7548, -111.709; SNOTEL Site: Parley's Summit (684) Dell Creek - 40.7809, -111.681; SNOTEL Site: Lookout Peak (596) Big Cottonwood - 40.618, -111.780; SNOTEL Site: Mill-D (628)

The scripts are intended to be used with the Snowbedo R Package (github.com/cahhansen/Snowbedo. The scripts may be run using R Statistical Software and the dependent external packages (listed in the scripts). The Snowbedo package was developed in order to model streamflow as a result of changing snowpack dynamics (particularly albedo). The purpose of the NeuralNetwork script is to train and build a neural network model of streamflow based on climate and watershed characteristics.Results of the model are a daily time-series of streamflow covering the same time period as the input datasets. Different scenarios (with adjusted albedo) can be created with the ModelDifferencesInAlbedo.R script. The readme.txt file explains how the package can be used.

(Prototype - Under Development. Not to be relied upon for operational use.)This interactive web map shows real-time flood conditions across the United States and combines multiple informational layers to assist with River Forecast Center Decision Support Services for both internal and external partner use. This includes current and forecast flood conditions at service locations in the United States using live data from the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction System (AHPS) along with National Water Model (NWM) streamflow guidance across 2.7 Million reaches. In addition, current USGS streamflow observations along with NRCS snotel network observations can be viewed on top of a host of additional NOAA product layers including current radar and satellite imagery, past and future rainfall estimates, snowpack analysis, drought analysis, river and flash flood outlooks, weather hazard outlooks, severe weather, tropical outlook and cyclone forecasts, active hurricane tracks, and climate outlooks along with a variety of hydrologic, political and federal agency boundaries. Many of these layers have multiple temporal scales and all are viewable on top of standard basemaps, including world topographic maps.For a map that focuses on more general weather reports and current radar, see the Severe Weather Map.For a map that focuses on available National Water Model flow and anomaly layers, see the NWM Map.By using this AGOL web map, the user acknowledges that the NWM v1.0 output is prototype guidance and should not be considered an official NWS river forecast.About the data:Stream Gauges: This is Esri's Live Stream Gauges layer, symbolized to show only those gauges that are currently at or above flood stage. Click on a gauge to see the current depth, flow rate, and alert level. Five day forecasts from Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service are shown where available.Population Density: This is Esri's World Population Estimate, which models the likely population of each 250 meter square cell, globally. It provides import context to the map, showing where flooding is likely to have a human impact.Flood Warnings (short and long term): These weather alerts are NOAA Weather Warnings, Watches, and Advisory data provided through the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) Alert system. The long term warnings (flood warnings) are done on a county basis, while the short term warnings (flash flood and marine warnings) are more spatially precise. 72-hour Precipitation Forecast: This is the Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (QPF) from NOAA's National Digital Forecast Database. By default it shows the predicted total over the next 72 hours, but this forecast can also be viewed in six hour intervals.***** IMPORTANT disclaimer concerning NWM output *****The Office of Water Prediction (OWP) National Water Center is now producing water information from our National Water Model (NWM) version 1.0. Information about the prototype NWM output displayed on this map interface can be found in this Product Description Document. More information about the NWM is available athttp://water.noaa.gov/about/nwm. As this output is from the first version of the NWM, it does not yet contain information on the anthropogenic effects on streamflow and output should be viewed with caution. The output is undergoing extensive validation and verification to identify where updates to the science model parametrization and configurations can make the most improvements to the model output. The next version of the NWM will be released in the spring 2017 time frame. For official NWS river forecasts please see http://water.weather.gov.There is a NWM mapping interface in progress. In addition to the prototype NWM streamflow information, data layers of 2 snow products from the National Snow Analysis, Snow Depth and Snow Water Equivalent, are also available. The OWP is seeking to improve the availability and quality of its products and services based on user feedback. Comments regarding the Prototype Water Information Interface Webpage should be provided through the electronic survey via the link provided below: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/survey/nws-survey.php?code=NWMV1OUTPUTThe OWP also provides a range of NWS official water information through the following web sites.River observation and forecast information: http://water.weather.gov/ahpsSnow Information: http://www.nohrsc.noaa.govPrecipitation Frequency Estimates: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/oh/hdscContent from the sites above will be migrated to this new site over the next couple of years.Comments? Questions? Please Contact nws.nwc.ops@noaa.gov.By using this AGOL web map, the user acknowledges that the NWM v1.0 output is prototype guidance and should not be considered an official NWS river forecast.

Analysis of ‘U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (2006-2020)’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/d88adb4b-d7fc-475f-b717-bc90a1202f38 on 27 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

The U.S. Monthly Climate Normals for 2006 to 2020 are 15-year averages of meteorological parameters that provide users supplemental normals for specialized applications for thousands of locations across the United States, as well as U.S. Territories and Commonwealths, and the Compact of Free Association nations. The stations used include those from the NWS Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) Network as well as some additional stations that have a Weather Bureau Army-Navy (WBAN) station identification number, including stations from the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) and other automated observation stations. In addition, precipitation normals for stations from the U.S. Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) Network and the citizen-science Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow (CoCoRaHS) Network are also available. The Monthly Climate Normals dataset includes various derived products such as air temperature normals (including maximum and minimum temperature normals, heating and cooling degree day normals, and others), precipitation normals (including precipitation and snowfall totals, and percentiles, frequencies and other statistics of precipitation, snowfall, and snow depth), and agricultural normals (growing degree days (GDDs)). All data utilized in the computation of the 2006-2020 Climate Normals were taken from the Global Historical Climatology Network-Daily and -Monthly datasets. Temperatures were homogenized, adjusted for time-of-observation, and made serially complete where possible based on information from nearby stations. Precipitation totals were also made serially complete where possible based using nearby stations. The source datasets (including intermediate datasets used in the computation of products) are also archived at NOAA NCEI.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

The U.S. Annual/Seasonal Climate Normals for 1991 to 2020 are 30-year averages of meteorological parameters that provide users the information needed to understand typical climate conditions for thousands of locations across the United States, as well as U.S. Territories and Commonwealths, and the Compact of Free Association nations. The stations used include those from the NWS Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) Network as well as some additional stations that have a Weather Bureau Army-Navy (WBAN) station identification number, including stations from the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) and other automated observation stations. In addition, precipitation normals for stations from the U.S. Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) Network and the citizen-science Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow (CoCoRaHS) Network are also available. The Annual/Seasonal Climate Normals dataset includes various derived products such as air temperature normals (including maximum and minimum temperature normals, heating and cooling degree day normals, and others), precipitation normals (including precipitation and snowfall totals, and percentiles, frequencies and other statistics of precipitation, snowfall, and snow depth), and agricultural normals (growing degree days (GDDs), lengths of growing seasons, probabilities of first or last temperature threshold exceedances. All data utilized in the computation of the 1991-2020 Climate Normals were taken from the Global Historical Climatology Network-Daily and -Monthly datasets. Temperatures were homogenized, adjusted for time-of-observation, and made serially complete where possible based on information from nearby stations. Precipitation totals were also made serially complete where possible based using nearby stations. The source datasets (including intermediate datasets used in the computation of products) are also archived at NOAA NCEI. A comparatively small number of station normals sets (~50) have been added as Version 1.0.1 to correct quality issues or because additional historical data during the 1991-2020 period has been ingested.

The U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) operates hundreds of Snotel sites throughout the western United States. One of these is on Niwot Ridge at C-1, located approximately 1.6 km, by road, from the University of Colorado Mountain Research Station at an approximate elevation of 3000 meters. The Snotel installations operate on the principle that the snowpack exerts pressure on liquid-filled stainless steel "pillows" that rest on the ground. Pressure transducers output a digital signal that is sent via radio telemetry to one of two receiving stations. The transducer output is calibrated by measuring snowpack depth and density on or about the 25th of each month from December through April. A Mt. Rose snow sampler was used to determine the depth and density of the snowpack at each of the "pillow's" four corners. These four values were averaged to determine the monthly snow water equivalent (SWE) in inches.

Observational reports of daily precipitation (1200 UTC to 1200 UTC) are made by members of the NWS Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS) network; NWS Cooperative Observer Network (COOP); the Hydrometeorological Automated Data System (HADS) network; the SNOTEL (SNOwpack TELemetry) network; and the Integrated Flood Observing and Warning System (IFLOWS) network. Reports from approximately 9,000 stations across the US including Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico are sent on a daily basis to the Climate Prediction Center (CPC). During the winter season when the type of precipitation is frozen, the amount reported is the liquid equivalent. CPC processes these reports once per day. All reports for the same day are put into an ASCII text file whose name includes the date of observation. These data are used by CPC in its role of supporting the Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF).

Link to the ScienceBase Item Summary page for the item described by this metadata record. Service Protocol: Link to the ScienceBase Item Summary page for the item described by this metadata record. Application Profile: Web Browser. Link Function: information

Link to the ScienceBase Item Summary page for the item described by this metadata record. Service Protocol: Link to the ScienceBase Item Summary page for the item described by this metadata record. Application Profile: Web Browser. Link Function: information

The U.S. Monthly Climate Normals for 2006 to 2020 are 15-year averages of meteorological parameters that provide users supplemental normals for specialized applications for thousands of locations across the United States, as well as U.S. Territories and Commonwealths, and the Compact of Free Association nations. The stations used include those from the NWS Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) Network as well as some additional stations that have a Weather Bureau Army-Navy (WBAN) station identification number, including stations from the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) and other automated observation stations. In addition, precipitation normals for stations from the U.S. Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) Network and the citizen-science Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow (CoCoRaHS) Network are also available. The Monthly Climate Normals dataset includes various derived products such as air temperature normals (including maximum and minimum temperature normals, heating and cooling degree day normals, and others), precipitation normals (including precipitation and snowfall totals, and percentiles, frequencies and other statistics of precipitation, snowfall, and snow depth), and agricultural normals (growing degree days (GDDs)). All data utilized in the computation of the 2006-2020 Climate Normals were taken from the Global Historical Climatology Network-Daily and -Monthly datasets. Temperatures were homogenized, adjusted for time-of-observation, and made serially complete where possible based on information from nearby stations. Precipitation totals were also made serially complete where possible based using nearby stations. The source datasets (including intermediate datasets used in the computation of products) are also archived at NOAA NCEI. A comparatively small number of station normals sets (~50) have been added as Version 1.0.1 to correct quality issues or because additional historical data during the 1991-2020 period has been ingested.