This statistic shows the median household income in the United States from 1970 to 2020, by income tier. In 2020, the median household income for the middle class stood at 90,131 U.S. dollars, which was approximately a 50 percent increase from 1970. However, the median income of upper income households in the U.S. increased by almost 70 percent compared to 1970.

In 2019, most of Italians assumed to belong to the middle class. More specifically, 52 percent of individuals defined their social status as middle class. Moreover, 37 percent of Italians stated to be part of the lower social class. Data for social class perception suggested that the occupation with the highest share of upper-class people was being a student. At the same time, freelance professional was most popular job position among middle class citizens, while the majority of unemployed people felt to belong to the lower class.

How much do Italians earn on average?

From 2006 to 2015, gross household disposable income per capita in Italy was fluctuating with no precise pattern. In the next three years, however, gross income per capita steadily increased until peaking above 31 thousand U.S. dollars in 2018. This figure put Italy at the 17th place in the ranking of OECD countries with the gross disposable income per household.

Income inequalities in Italy

National average figures can be quite misleading. In Italy, substantial economic differences across regions and also due to gender can be observed. Inhabitants of the South and the Islands earn on average around ten thousand euros less annually than Italians from the North East. Moreover, female households’ average net income in 2017 was eight thousand euros smaller than male households’ income.

The 2019 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) studied economic inequality in Finland. The respondents' attitudes were surveyed on income disparity between social groups, occupations and societies as well as which actors in society should solve these disparities. In addition, the survey charted the respondents' socio-economic situation, Finnish taxation, and conflicts between social groups. The previous ISSP survey regarding inequality was collected in 2009. First, the respondents' opinions were charted concerning the importance of different factors for succeeding in life, such as parents' wealth, ambition, social networks, corruption, or gender. Additionally, views were canvassed on fairness of differences in wealth between rich and poor countries. The respondents were also asked to estimate what persons in different occupations earned (euros/month, gross) and what the respondents thought they ought to be paid. Next, the respondents were presented with a set of statements that they were asked to agree or disagree with on a 5-point Likert scale. The questions concerned, for example, whether income disparity was too great in Finland, who should intervene with income disparity, whether the policies of the government were justified and whether the current level of taxation was justified. The respondents also placed themselves on a 10-point scale according to whether they considered themselves to be at the top or the bottom in society - currently, in childhood home and ten years into the future. Their views were also enquired on which factors they deemed important in deciding one's level of pay. Views on the hierarchical structure of society were examined by showing the respondents five figures representing differently built societies and asking which of the figures corresponded most closely to the situation in the respondent's own country, and which figure corresponded most closely to an optimal situation. The respondents were also asked questions regarding their economic situation at the time of the survey. Background variables included, for instance, gender, year of birth, region of residence (NUTS2), occupation, educational background, religious affiliation, which party the respondent voted for in previous elections, number of children, income, marital status, and statistical grouping of municipalities (urban, semi-urban, rural). The survey also included questions concerning the respondent's spouse/partner and parents' occupations.

No description was included in this Dataset collected from the OSF

This table provides 2022 data on estimated households in the Canary Islands by main source of income and social classes based on the occupation of the main person.

About **** of the Polish population belonged to the middle class in April 2019. Nearly ******* were lower-class, and the minority were upper-class. When considering only income, a larger share of the population was upper- and middle-class, whereas when considering the only occupation, a larger share was lower class.

ABSTRACT The article presents a panorama of socioeconomic hierarchies in late Nineteenth-century Brazil. Income analysis of social classes underpins these echelons. Within a theoretical and historical approach focused on social class, the article reckons that the Brazilian Empire was relatively egalitarian in terms of wages. A broad expressiveness of the lower classes, rather than a hypothetical robustness of the middle or the upper classes, explains this equality. The analysis of purchasing power and patterns of consumption made it possible to identify the degree of precariousness of the popular classes, as well as the existence of mainly urban middle classes. Lastly, salary data on the upper classes should not hide concentration of wealth, a main characteristic of the Empire’s decay, which was largely due to a polarized structure of slave property.

This table provides 2022 data on the estimated total population in the Canary Islands by receipt of regular individual income and social classes based on the occupation of the main person.

As of April 2020, the households in lower class in Morocco were more susceptible to lose sources of income due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. This social group was represented by **** percent of respondents, followed by people in the middle class (**** percent) who also lost their sources of earnings by reason of the pandemic. Furthermore, according to the source, most of the losses affected skilled workers and artisans, as well as traders.

This table provides 2022 data on the estimated primary income rate on disposable household income in the Canary Islands by risk of poverty and social classes based on the occupation of the main person.

The purpose of this study was to describe and test hypotheses about Americans' beliefs regarding inequality. The survey investigated beliefs about causes of wealth and poverty, opportunity, and inequality, plus perceptions of fairness and the necessity of income inequality. Included in the survey were questions on self-perceived social class (poor, working, middle, upper-middle, upper), beliefs about differences between social classes, attitudes toward different social classes, and beliefs about discrimination against Blacks, other minorities, and women. The survey also collected information on political preferences, employment, marital status, educational attainment, religion, religiosity, age, sex, income, and satisfaction with life in general.

This table provides 2022 data on households estimated in the Canary Islands by self-assessment of the income needed to reach the end of the month and social classes based on the occupation of the main person.

According to a 2023 survey conducted in France, across different income demographics, at-home internet access was higher among users with a higher income. Among the lower income demographics, 81 percent reported having home internet connections, whereas 91 percent of people from the upper middle income accessed the internet at home.

Russia Household Income: Social Transfer data was reported at 19.000 % in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 19.300 % for Sep 2018. Russia Household Income: Social Transfer data is updated quarterly, averaging 15.000 % from Mar 1998 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 84 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.300 % in Mar 2017 and a record low of 11.100 % in Sep 1998. Russia Household Income: Social Transfer data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Household Survey – Table RU.HA012: Household Income Structure.

During a 2023 survey, around 35 percent of respondents interviewed in Brazil said they belonged to the middle class. Meanwhile, 24.3 percent of the interviewees defined their social class as "low" and 25.7 percent stated that they were part of the middle class.Furthermore, Brazil's Gini coefficient, an indicator that measures wealth distribution, shows Brazil is one of the most unequal countries in the Latin American region.

According to forecast data from Tellusant, approximately **** percent of the Indonesian population in 2024 would earn at least the equivalent of the top 40 percent of global earners in 2022 constant purchasing power parity. Meanwhile, around *** percent of the population were considered high-class consumers, earning the equivalent of the top ten percent of global earners in 2022 constant purchasing power parity.

This study investigates the causal attributions of poverty among Swiss citizens using longitudinal data from the Swiss Household Panel (2019–2021). Agreement with the following four explanations of poverty was measured: “the poor are lazy” (individual blame), “the poor are unlucky” (individual fate), “the poor are victims of social injustice” (social blame) and “poverty is an inevitable consequence of the modern world” (social fate). Social blame shows the highest prevalence in Switzerland, followed by individual fate which has further increased over the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on the relationship between poverty attributions and socio-economic stratification from a cross-sectional and dynamic perspective using pooled OLS and fixed effects models. The potential mechanisms discussed for individual and social blame involve self-interest, self-serving bias, socialization, exposure to poverty, resentment, and ideology. We take an encompassing view of social stratification, including education, income, wealth, deprivation, income mobility and social class. Our findings partially support the self-interest and self-serving bias mechanisms, with higher social positions correlating positively with individual blame attributions and negatively with social blame attribution. However, the socialization hypothesis is also supported, as higher education levels are associated with social blame attributions and poverty attributions do not react to changes in social stratification in the short term. Although poverty attributions vary relatively strongly within individuals over time, social stratification cannot explain intra-individual changes over time.

This table includes figures on the average increase of rent broken down by income class. A distinction is made here between rental of regulated dwellings by social and other landlords and liberalised rental.

Data available from: 2015.

Status of the figures: The figures in this table are definitive.

Changes as of 20 May 2025: The figures broken down by income class have been removed from this table for the categories of liberalised rents and total. These figures are not applicable and were previously published in error. Landlords can only request income data for regulated rents, which form the basis for this table.

Changes as of 4 September 2024: The figures of 2024 have been published.

Changes as of 8 September 2023: The category 'middle income' has been added to the table.

When will new figures be published? New figures of 2025 will become available in September 2025.

Number of Families: Philippines - All Income Classes data was reported at 22,730,000.000 Unit in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 21,426,000.000 Unit for 2012. Number of Families: Philippines - All Income Classes data is updated yearly, averaging 15,874,827.500 Unit from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2015, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22,730,000.000 Unit in 2015 and a record low of 10,533,925.000 Unit in 1988. Number of Families: Philippines - All Income Classes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Philippine Statistics Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.H014: Family Income and Expenditure Survey: No of Families: By Income Class and Main Source of Income.

In the financial year 2021, a majority of Indian households fell under the aspirers category, earning between ******* and ******* Indian rupees a year. On the other hand, about ***** percent of households that same year, accounted for the rich, earning over * million rupees annually. The middle class more than doubled that year compared to ** percent in financial year 2005. Middle-class income group and the COVID-19 pandemic During the COVID-19 pandemic specifically during the lockdown in March 2020, loss of incomes hit the entire household income spectrum. However, research showed the severest affected groups were the upper middle- and middle-class income brackets. In addition, unemployment rates were rampant nationwide that further lead to a dismally low GDP. Despite job recoveries over the last few months, improvement in incomes were insignificant. Economic inequality While India maybe one of the fastest growing economies in the world, it is also one of the most vulnerable and severely afflicted economies in terms of economic inequality. The vast discrepancy between the rich and poor has been prominent since the last ***** decades. The rich continue to grow richer at a faster pace while the impoverished struggle more than ever before to earn a minimum wage. The widening gaps in the economic structure affect women and children the most. This is a call for reinforcement in in the country’s social structure that emphasizes access to quality education and universal healthcare services.