According to a March 2024 survey conducted in the United States, 32 percent of adults reported feeling that social media had neither a positive nor negative effect on their own mental health. Only seven percent of social media users said that online platforms had a very positive effect on their mental health, while 12 percent of users said it had a very negative impact. Furthermore, 22 percent of respondents said social media had a somewhat negative effect on their mental health. Is social media addictive? A 2023 survey of individuals between 11 and 59 years old in the United States found that over 73 percent of TikTok users agreed that the platform was addictive. Furthermore, nearly 27 percent of those surveyed reported experiencing negative psychological effects related to TikTok use. Users belonging to Generation Z were the most likely to say that TikTok is addictive, yet millennials felt the negative effects of using the app more so than Gen Z. In the U.S., it is also not uncommon for social media users to take breaks from using online platforms, and as of March 2024, over a third of adults in the country had done so. Following mental health-related content Although online users may be aware of the negative and addictive aspects of social media, it is also a useful tool for finding supportive content. In a global survey conducted in 2023, 32 percent of social media users followed therapists and mental health professionals on social media. Overall, 24 percent of respondents said that they followed people on social media if they had the same condition as they did. Between January 2020 and March 2023, British actress and model Cara Delevingne was the celebrity mental health activist with the highest growth in searches tying her name to the topic.

This dataset is structured as a graph, where nodes represent users and edges capture their interactions, including tweets, retweets, replies, and mentions. Each node provides detailed user attributes, such as unique ID, follower and following counts, and verification status, offering insights into each user's identity, role, and influence in the mental health discourse. The edges illustrate user interactions, highlighting engagement patterns and types of content that drive responses, such as tweet impressions. This interconnected structure enables sentiment analysis and public reaction studies, allowing researchers to explore engagement trends and identify the mental health topics that resonate most with users.

The dataset consists of three files: 1. Edges Data: Contains graph data essential for social network analysis, including fields for UserID (Source), UserID (Destination), Post/Tweet ID, and Date of Relationship. This file enables analysis of user connections without including tweet content, maintaining compliance with Twitter/X’s data-sharing policies. 2. Nodes Data: Offers user-specific details relevant to network analysis, including UserID, Account Creation Date, Follower and Following counts, Verified Status, and Date Joined Twitter. This file allows researchers to examine user behavior (e.g., identifying influential users or spam-like accounts) without direct reference to tweet content. 3. Twitter/X Content Data: This file contains only the raw tweet text as a single-column dataset, without associated user identifiers or metadata. By isolating the text, we ensure alignment with anonymization standards observed in similar published datasets, safeguarding user privacy in compliance with Twitter/X's data guidelines. This content is crucial for addressing the research focus on mental health discourse in social media. (References to prior Data in Brief publications involving Twitter/X data informed the dataset's structure.)

According to a survey conducted in the United States in February 2023, 47 percent of Millennials who were using social media said that it had a very or somewhat positive effect on their mental health. Overall, Generation X, those born between 1965 and 1981, were most likely to say that social media had a very or somewhat negative impact on their mental health, with 41 percent feeling this way.

According to a survey conducted between April and May 2023 among TikTok users in the United States, over ** percent of respondents reported thinking TikTok was addictive. Additionally, around ** percent of respondents reported feeling negative mental health effects as a result of using the app.

Using a small-scale descriptive network analysis approach, this study highlights the importance of stakeholder networks for identifying valuable stakeholders and the management of existing stakeholders in the context of mental health not-for-profit services. We extract network data from the social media brand pages of three health service organizations from the U.S., U.K., and Australia, to visually map networks of 579 social media brand pages (represented by nodes), connected by 5,600 edges. This network data is analyzed using a collection of popular graph analysis techniques to assess the differences in the way each of the service organizations manage stakeholder networks. We also compare node meta-information against basic topology measures to emphasize the importance of effectively managing relationships with stakeholders who have large external audiences. Implications and future research directions are also discussed.

According to a survey conducted in 2022, 46 percent of teenagers in the United States said that social media had a positive effect on them personally due to being able to connect and socialize on such services. Overall, six percent of respondents reported feeling that social media provided benefits to their well-being and mental health.

This dataset include data from Mental Health network of Gipuzkoa (Spain). It is included information on resources (inputs) and outcomes (outputs) of care, which are described in the manuscript: “Almeda, N., Garcia-Alonso, C. R., Gutierrez-Colosia, M. R., Salinas-Perez, J. A., Iruin-Sanz, A., & Salvador-Carulla, L. (2022). Modelling the balance of care: Impact of an evidence-informed policy on a mental health ecosystem. PLoS ONE, 17(1 January), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261621”. This manuscript has been published in Plos One journal. This research focused on developing a formal causal model based on Bayesian network prototypes which were designed by formalizing expert knowledge (by using Expertbased Cooperative Analysis) and resulting in Direct Acyclic Graphs. The best Bayesian networks and their corresponding regression models were used to estimate the statistical ranges or confidence intervals for the dependent variable (potential effect, consequence, or output) given the independent variable values. These ranges, adjusted to delimited statistical distributions (triangular, trapezoidal and gamma), were managed by a Monte Carlo simulation engine for intervention assessment. A computer-based Decision Support System (DSS) was used to assess the status of ecosystem performance: RTE, statistical stability and entropy. Main results of the analyses pointed out that by combining causal reasoning and statistical methods, decision makers can obtain a deep view of both pre-implementing and post-implementing situations. Knowing the causal levers, it is possible to act directly to the causes in order to potentially produce de appropriate results considering the uncertainty: to provide a more balanced and integrated MH care provision in the community. In this particular case, an improvement in the outpatient workforce increases both ecosystem performance (RTE) and stability and slightly decreases entropy. Methods The Mental Health Network of Gipuzkoa manages its community and rehabilitation MH services (774,700 residents). These services include outpatient and core health day care facilities closely related to both hospital services (inpatient) and the social care network for severe cases. The Mental Health Network of Gipuzkoa is divided into 13 catchment areas, all of which have a mental health centre, considered as a reference, with a distinct orientation to outpatient care (some of them also include health day care facilities). Gipuzkoa has a population of 640,635 adults older than 17 years of age in 2015. It is one of the three historic territories of Basque Country autonomous community in Spain. The Department of Health in each historic territory has total governance capacity and centralizes healthcare management and provision. The MH ecosystem of Gipuzkoa is structured in 13 catchment areas, which are considered the decision-making units (DMUs) for policy assessment. Each catchment area of Gipuzkoa corresponds to a community MH centre. A single acute MH hospital unit provides care to all the DMUs. The 13 catchment areas are: Alto Deba-Arrasate, Amara, Andoain, Azpeitia, Beasain, Eguia, Eibar, Irun, Ondarreta, Renteria, Tolosa, Zarautz and Zumarraga. This dataset content 49 variables, where combined generated 85 variables which were used to describe MH care provision and to assess ecosystem performance by using RTE scores. Seventy-five variables were identified as resources used by the DMUs to provide MH care, which were classified as inputs in Group C: quality of care. Ten variables were classified as outcomes (outputs) obtained by using the inputs, classified in Group B: service utilization. However, only a few of these variables are considered by experts for designing potential causal relationships between outpatient and residential MH care.

Instagram’s most popular post

              As of April 2024, the most popular post on Instagram was Lionel Messi and his teammates after winning the 2022 FIFA World Cup with Argentina, posted by the account @leomessi. Messi's post, which racked up over 61 million likes within a day, knocked off the reigning post, which was 'Photo of an Egg'. Originally posted in January 2021, 'Photo of an Egg' surpassed the world’s most popular Instagram post at that time, which was a photo by Kylie Jenner’s daughter totaling 18 million likes.
              After several cryptic posts published by the account, World Record Egg revealed itself to be a part of a mental health campaign aimed at the pressures of social media use.

              Instagram’s most popular accounts

              As of April 2024, the official Instagram account @instagram had the most followers of any account on the platform, with 672 million followers. Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo (@cristiano) was the most followed individual with 628 million followers, while Selena Gomez (@selenagomez) was the most followed woman on the platform with 429 million. Additionally, Inter Miami CF striker Lionel Messi (@leomessi) had a total of 502 million. Celebrities such as The Rock, Kylie Jenner, and Ariana Grande all had over 380 million followers each.

              Instagram influencers

              In the United States, the leading content category of Instagram influencers was lifestyle, with 15.25 percent of influencers creating lifestyle content in 2021. Music ranked in second place with 10.96 percent, followed by family with 8.24 percent. Having a large audience can be very lucrative: Instagram influencers in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom with over 90,000 followers made around 1,221 US dollars per post.

              Instagram around the globe

              Instagram’s worldwide popularity continues to grow, and India is the leading country in terms of number of users, with over 362.9 million users as of January 2024. The United States had 169.65 million Instagram users and Brazil had 134.6 million users. The social media platform was also very popular in Indonesia and Turkey, with 100.9 and 57.1, respectively. As of January 2024, Instagram was the fourth most popular social network in the world, behind Facebook, YouTube and WhatsApp.

Recently, researchers in clinical psychology have endeavored to create network models of the relationships between symptoms, both within and across mental disorders. Symptoms that connect two mental disorders are called "bridge symptoms." Unfortunately, no formal quantitative methods for identifying these bridge symptoms exist. Accordingly, we developed four network statistics to identify bridge symptoms: bridge strength, bridge betweenness, bridge closeness, and bridge expected influence. These statistics are nonspecific to the type of network estimated, making them potentially useful in individual-level psychometric networks, group-level psychometric networks, and networks outside the field of psychopathology such as social networks. We first tested the fidelity of our statistics in predicting bridge nodes in a series of simulations. Averaged across all conditions, the statistics achieved a sensitivity of 92.7% and a specificity of 84.9%. By simulating datasets of varying sample sizes, we tested the robustness of our statistics, confirming their suitability for network psychometrics. Furthermore, we simulated the contagion of one mental disorder to another, showing that deactivating bridge nodes prevents the spread of comorbidity (i.e., one disorder activating another). Eliminating nodes based on bridge statistics was more effective than eliminating nodes high on traditional centrality statistics in preventing comorbidity. Finally, we applied our algorithms to 18 group-level empirical comorbidity networks from published studies and discussed the implications of this analysis.

In 2021, there were 1.21 billion monthly active users of Meta's Instagram, making up over 28 percent of the world's internet users. By 2025, it has been forecast that there will be 1.44 billion monthly active users of the social media platform, which would account for 31.2 percent of global internet users.

How popular is Instagram?

Instagram, as of January 2022, was the fourth most popular social media platform in the world in terms of user numbers. YouTube and WhatsApp ranked in second and third place, respectively, whilst Facebook remained the most popular, with almost three billion monthly active users worldwide.

India had the largest number of Instagram users as of January 2022, with a total of over 230 million users in the country. The second-largest Instagram audience could be found in the United States, with almost 160 million people subscribing to the photo and video sharing app.

Gen Z and Instagram

As of September 2021, Gen Z users in the United States spent an average of five hours per week on Instagram. Although Instagram ranked third in terms of hours per week spent on the platform, Gen Z users spent considerably more time on TikTok, amounting to a weekly average of over 10 hours being spent on the mobile-first video app.

Most followed accounts on Instagram

As of May 2022, Instagram’s own account had 504.37 million followers. In terms of celebrities, Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo (@chistiano) had over 440.41 million followers on the social network. Moreover, the average media value of an Instagram post by Ronaldo was over 985,000 U.S. dollars.

The most liked post on Instagram as of May 2022 was Photo of an Egg, which was posted in 2019 by the account @world_record_egg. Photo of an Egg has not only exceeded 55 million likes on the platform, but it also has nearly 3.5 million comments, and the account itself has over 4.5 million Instagram followers. After mysterious posts published by the account, World Record Egg revealed itself as part of a mental health campaign aimed at the difficulties and demands of using social media.