The USDA-NRCS Soil Series Classification Database contains the taxonomic classification of each soil series identified in the United States, Territories, Commonwealths, and Island Nations served by USDA-NRCS. Along with the taxonomic classification, the database contains other information about the soil series, such as office of responsibility, series status, dates of origin and establishment, and geographic areas of usage. The database is maintained by the soils staff of the NRCS MLRA Soil Survey Region Offices across the country. Additions and changes are continually being made, resulting from on going soil survey work and refinement of the soil classification system. As the database is updated, the changes are immediately available to the user, so the data retrieved is always the most current. The Web access to this soil classification database provides capabilities to view the contents of individual series records, to query the database on any data element and produce a report with the selected soils, or to produce national reports with all soils in the database. The standard reports available allow the user to display the soils by series name or by taxonomic classification. The SC database was migrated into the NASIS database with version 6.2. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Website Pointer to Soil Series Classification Database (SC). File Name: Web Page, url: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/class/data/?cid=nrcs142p2_053583 Supports the following queries:

• View Classification Data by Series Name
• Create Report for a List of Series (with download option)
• Create Report by Query (with download option)
• Create National Report (with download option)
• Soil Series Name Search

This dataset is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This dataset consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties. SSURGO depicts information about the kinds and distribution of soils on the landscape. The soil map and data used in the SSURGO product were prepared by soil scientists as part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

For more information on this dataset please go to https://gis.epa.ie/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/2cd0c5e9-83b2-49a9-8c3e-79675ffd18bfSIS SOIL:The new Irish Soil Information System concludes a 5 year programme, supported by the Irish Environmental Protection Agency (STRIVE Research Programme 2007-2013) and Teagasc, to develop a new 1:250,000 scale national soil map (https://soils.teagasc.ie). The Irish Soil Information System adopted a unique methodology combining digital soil mapping techniques with traditional soil survey application. Developing earlier work conducted by An Foras Talúntais, the project generated soil-landscape models for previously surveyed counties. These soil-landscape (‘soilscape’) models formed the basis for training statistical ‘inference engines’ for predicting soil mapping units, checked during field survey. 213 soil series are identified, each with differing characteristics, having contrasting environmental and agronomic responses. Properties were recorded in a database able to satisfy national and EU policy requirements. The Irish soil map and related soil property data will also serve public interest, providing the means to learn online about Irish soil resources. Use the Symbology layer file 'SOIL_SISNationalSoil.lyr' based on Value Field 'Association_Unit'. SIS SOIL DRAINAGE:In Ireland, soil drainage category is considered to have a predominant influence on soil processes (Schulte et al., 2012). The maritime climate of Ireland drives wet soil conditions, such that excess soil moisture in combination with heavy textured soils is considered a key constraint in relation to achieving productivity and environmental targets. Both soil moisture content and the rate at which water drains from the soil are critical indicators of soil physical quality and the overall functional capacity of soil. Therefore, a natural extension to the Irish Soil Information System included the development of an indicative soil drainage map for Ireland. The soil subgroup map was used to develop the indicative drainage map, based on diagnostic criteria relating to the subgroup categorization. Use the Symbology layer file 'SOIL_SISSoilDrainage.lyr' based on Value Field 'Drainage'. SIS SOIL DEPTH: Soil depth is a measure of the thickness of the soil cover and reflects the relationship between parent material and length of soil forming processes. Soil depth determines the potential rooting depth of plants and any restrictions within the soil that may hinder rooting depth. Plants derive nearly 80 per cent of their water needs from the upper part of the soil solum, i.e. where the root system is denser. The rooting depths depend on plant physiology, type of soil and water availability. Generally, vegetables (beans, tomatoes, potatoes, parsnip, carrots, leek, broccoli, etc.) are shallow rooted, about 50–60 cm; fruit trees and some other plants have medium rooting depths, 70–120 cm and other crops such as barley, wheat, oats, and maize may have deeper roots. Furthermore, rooting depths vary according to the age of the plants. The exact soil depth is difficult to define accurately due to its high variability across the landscape. The effective soil depth can be reduced by the presence of bedrock or impermeable layers. Use the Symbology layer file 'SOIL_SISSoilDepth.lyr' based on Valued Field 'Depth'. SIS SOIL TEXTURE:Soil texture is an important soil characteristic that influences processes such as water infiltration rates, rootability, gas exchanges, leaching, chemical activity, susceptibility to erosion and water holding capacity. The soil textural class is determined by the percentage of sand, silt, and clay. Soil texture also influences how much water is available to the plant; clay soils have a greater water holding capacity than sandy soils. Use the Symbology layer file 'SOIL_SISSoilTexture.lyr' based on Value Field 'Texture'. SIS SOIL SOC:In the previous national soil survey conducted by An Foras Taluntais, 14 counties were described in detail with soil profile descriptions provided for the representative soil series found within a county. Soil samples were taken at each soil horizon to a depth of 1 meter and analyses performed for a range of measurements, including soil organic carbon, texture, cation exchange capacity, pH; however in most cases no bulk density measurements were taken. This meant that while soil organic carbon concentrations were available this could not be related to a stock for a given soil series. In 2012/2013, 246 profile pits were sampled and analysed as part of the Irish Soil Information System project to fill in gaps in the description of representative profile data for Ireland. Use the Symbology layer file 'SOIL_SISSoilSOC.lyr' based on Value Field 'SOC'.

Hydric soils are defined as those soils that are sufficiently wet in the upper part to develop anaerobic conditions during the growing season. The Hydric Soils section presents the most current information about hydric soils. The lists of hydric soils were created by using National Soil Information System (NASIS) database selection criteria that were developed by the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils. These criteria are selected soil properties that are documented in Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 1999) and were designed primarily to generate a list of potentially hydric soils from the National Soil Information System (NASIS) database. It updates information that was previously published in Hydric Soils of the United States and coordinates it with information that has been published in the Federal Register. It also includes the most recent set of field indicators of hydric soils. The database selection criteria are selected soil properties that are documented in Soil Taxonomy and were designed primarily to generate a list of potentially hydric soils from soil survey databases. Only criteria 1, 3, and 4 can be used in the field to determine hydric soils; however, proof of anaerobic conditions must also be obtained for criteria 1, 3, and 4 either through data or best professional judgment (from Tech Note 1). The primary purpose of these selection criteria is to generate a list of soil map unit components that are likely to meet the hydric soil definition. Caution must be used when comparing the list of hydric components to soil survey maps. Many of the soils on the list have ranges in water table depths that allow the soil component to range from hydric to nonhydric depending on the location of the soil within the landscape as described in the map unit. Lists of hydric soils along with soil survey maps are good off-site ancillary tools to assist in wetland determinations, but they are not a substitute for observations made during on-site investigations. The list of field indicators of hydric soils — The field indicators are morphological properties known to be associated with soils that meet the definition of a hydric soil. Presence of one or more field indicators suggests that the processes associated with hydric soil formation have taken place on the site being observed. The field indicators are essential for hydric soil identification because once formed, they persist in the soil during both wet and dry seasonal periods. The Hydric Soil Technical Notes — Contain National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils (NTCHS) updates, insights, standards, and clarifications. Users can query the database by State or by Soil Survey Area. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Website Pointer to Hydric Soils . File Name: Web Page, url: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/use/hydric/ Includes description of Criteria, Query by State or Soil Survey Area, national Technical Committee for Hydric Soils. Technical Notes, and Related Links. Report Metadata:

• Area_Symbol: A symbol that uniquely identifies a single occurrence of a particular type of area (e.g. Dane Co., Wisconsin is WI025).
• Area_Name: The name given to the specified geographic area.
• mukey: A non-connotative string of characters used to uniquely identify a record in the Mapunit table.
• Mapunit_SYM: The symbol used to uniquely identify the soil mapunit in the soil survey.
• Mapunit_Name: Correlated name of the mapunit (recommended name or field name for surveys in progress).
• Comp_Name_phase: Component name - Name assigned to a component based on its range of properties. Local Phase - Phase criterion to be used at a local level, in conjunction with "component name" to help identify a soil component.
• muacres: The number of acres of a particular mapunit.
• Comp_RV_Pct: The percentage of the component of the mapunit.
• majcompflag: Indicates whether or not a component is a major component in the mapunit.
• Comp_Acres: The number of acres of a particular component in a mapunit. ((muacres*comppct_r)/100)
• Comp_Landform: A word or group of words used to name a feature on the earth's surface, expressed in the plural form. Column Physical
• Hydric_Rating: A yes/no field that indicates whether or not a map unit component is classified as a "hydric soil". If rated as hydric, the specific criteria met are listed in the Component Hydric Criteria table.
• Hydric_criteria: Criterion code for the soil characteristic(s) and/or feature(s) that cause the map unit component to be classified as a "hydric soil." These codes are the paragraph numbers in the hydric soil criteria publication.

Criteria:

1. All Histels except Folistels and Histosols except Folists; or
2. Map unit components in Aquic suborders, great groups, or subgroups, Albolls suborder, Historthels great group, Histoturbels great group, or Andic, Cumulic, Pachic, or Vitrandic subgroups that: a. Based on the range of characteristics for the soil series, will at least in part meet one or more Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States, or b. Show evidence that the soil meets the definition of a hydric soil;
3. Map unit components that are frequently ponded for long duration or very long duration during the growing season that: a. Based on the range of characteristics for the soil series, will at least in part meet one or more Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States, or b. Show evidence that the soil meets the definition of a hydric soil; or
4. Map unit components that are frequently flooded for long duration or very long duration during the growing season that: a. Based on the range of characteristics for the soil series, will at least in part meet one or more Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States, or b. Show evidence that the soils meet the definition of a hydric soil.

This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties. Please email GIS.Librarian@FloridaDEP.gov for additional information.

This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties.

SoilWeb AppsSoilWebSEE: Soil Series Extent ExplorerSDE: Soil Series Data ExplorerSoil PropertiesSoilWeb EarthSoilWeb products can be used to access USDA-NCSS detailed soil survey data (SSURGO) for most of the United States.

This map is one of a series of soil landscape maps that are intended for all of central and eastern NSW, based on standard 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 topographic sheets. The map provides an inventory of soil and landscape properties of the area and identifies major soil and landscape qualities and constraints. It integrates soil and topographic features into single units with relatively uniform land management requirements. Soils are described in terms of the Great Soil Group and the Northcote classification systems. Related Datasets: The dataset area is also covered by the mapping of the Soil and Land Resources of the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment and Hydrogeological landscapes of NSW. Online Maps: This and related datasets can be viewed using eSPADE (NSW’s soil spatial viewer), which contains a suite of soil and landscape information including soil profile data. Many of these datasets have hot-linked soil reports. An alternative viewer is the SEED Map; an ideal way to see what other natural resources datasets (e.g. vegetation) are available for this map area. Reference: Hird C., 1991, Soil Landscapes of the Goulburn 1:250,000 Sheet map and report, Soil Conservation Service of NSW, Sydney. Data and Resources

Soil is essential to human survival. We rely on it for the production of food, fibre, timber and energy crops. Together with climate, the soil determines which crops can be grown, where and how much they will yield. In addition to supporting our agricultural needs, we rely on the soil to regulate the flow of rainwater and to act as a filter for drinking water. With such a tremendously important role, it is imperative that we manage our soils for their long-term productivity, sustainability and health.

The first step in sustainable soil management is ensuring that the soil will support the land use activity. For example, only the better agricultural soils in Manitoba will support grain and vegetable production, while more marginal agricultural soils will support forage and pasture-based production. For this reason, agricultural development should only occur in areas where the soil resource will support the agricultural activity. The only way to do this is to understand the soil resource that is available. Soil survey information is the key to understanding the soil resource.

Soil survey is an inventory of the properties of the soil (such as texture, internal drainage, parent material, depth to groundwater, topography, degree of erosion, stoniness, pH and salinity) and their spatial distribution over a landscape. Soils are grouped into similar types and their boundaries are delineated on a map. Each soil type has a unique set of physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics and has similar reactions to use and management. The information assembled in a soil survey can be used to predict or estimate the potentials and limitations of the soils’ behaviour under different uses. As such, soil surveys can be used to plan the development of new lands or to evaluate the conversion of land to new uses. Soil surveys also provide insight into the kind and intensity of land management that will be needed.

The survey scale of soils data for Manitoba ranges from 1:5,000 to 1:126,720, as identified in the 'SCALE' column.1:5,000. The survey objective at this scale is to collect high precision field scale data and it is mostly used in research plots and other highly intensive areas. It is also applicable to agricultural production and planning such as precision farming, agriculture capability, engineering, recreation, potato/irrigation suitability and productivity indices. Profile descriptions and samples are collected for all soils. At least one soil inspection exists per delineation and the minimum size delineation is 0.25 acres. The soil taxonomy is generally Phases of Soil Series. The mapping scale is 1:5,000 or 12.7 in/ mile.

This file also contains soils data that has been collected in Manitoba at a survey intensity level of the second order. This includes data collected at a scale of 1:20,000. The survey objective at this scale is to collect field scale data and it is mostly used in agricultural production and planning such as precision farming, agriculture capability, engineering, recreation, potato/irrigation suitability and productivity indices. Soil pits are generally about 200 metres apart and are dug along transects which are about 500 metres apart. This translates to about 32 inspections sites per section (640 acres). The soils in each delineation are identified by field observations and remotely sensed data. Boundaries are verified at closely spaced intervals. Profile descriptions are collected for all major named soils and 10 inspection sites/section and 2 to 3 horizons per site require lab analyses. At least one soil inspection exists in over 90% of delineations and the minimum size delineation is generally about 4 acres at 1:20,000. The soil taxonomy is generally Phases of Soil Series. The mapping scale is 1:20,000 or 3.2 inch/ mile.

This file also contains data that has been collected at the third order. This includes scales of 1:40,000 and 1:50,000. The survey objective at this scale is to collect field scale or regional data. If the topography is relatively uniform, appropriate interpretations include agriculture capability, engineering, recreation, potato/irrigation suitability and productivity indices. Soil pits are generally dug adjacent to section perimeters. This translates to about 16 inspection sites per section (640 acres). Soil boundaries are plotted by observation and remote sensed data. Profile descriptions exist for all major named soils and 2 inspection sites/section and 2 to 3 horizons per site require lab analyses. At least one soil inspection exists in 60-80% of delineations and the minimum size delineation is generally in the 10 to 20 acre range. The soil taxonomy is generally Series or Phases of Soil Series. The mapping scale is 1:40,000 or 2 inch/ mile; 1:50,000 or 1.5 inch/mile.

This file also contains soils data that has been collected at a survey intensity level of the fourth order. This includes scales of 1:63,360, 1:100,000, 1:125,000, and 1:126,720. The survey objective is to collect provincial data and to provide general soil information about land management and land use. The number of soil pits dug averaged to about 6 inspections per section (640 acres). Soil boundaries are plotted by interpretation of remotely sensed data and few inspections exist. Profile descriptions are collected for all major named soils. At least one soil inspection exists in 30-60% of delineations and the minimum size delineation is 40 acres (1:63,360), 100 acres (1:100,000), 156 acres (126,700) and 623 acres (250,000). The soil taxonomy is generally phases of Subgroup or Association.

As of 2022, soil survey field work and reports are still currently being collected in certain areas where detailed information does not exist. This file will be updated as more information becomes available. Typically, this is conducted on an rural municipality basis.

In some areas of Manitoba, more detailed and historical information exists than what is contained in this file. However, at this time, some of this information is only available in a hard copy format. This file will be updated as more of this information is transferred into a GIS format.

This file has an organizational framework similar to the original SoilAID digital files and a portion of this geographic extent was originally available on the Manitoba Land Initiative (MLI) website.

Domains and coded values have also been integrated into the geodatabase files. This allows the user to view attribute information in either an abbreviated or a more descriptive manner. Choosing to display the description of the coded values allows the user to view the expanded information associated with the attribute value (reducing the need to constantly refer to the descriptions within the metadata). To change these settings in ArcCatalog, go to Customize --> ArcCatalog Options --> Tables tab --> check or uncheck 'Display coded value domain and subtype descriptions'. To change these settings in ArcMap, go to Customize --> ArcMapOptions --> Tables tab --> check or uncheck 'Display coded value domain and subtype descriptions'. This setting can also be changed by opening the attribute table, then Table Options (top left) --> Appearance --> check or uncheck 'Display coded value domain and subtype descriptions'. The file also contains field aliases, which can also be turned on or off under Table Options.

The file - "Manitoba Municipal Boundaries" - from Manitoba Community Planning Services was used as one of the base administrative references for the soil polygon layer.

Also used as references were the hydrological features mapped in the 1:20,000 and 1:50,000 NTS topographical layers (National Topographic System of Canada). Typically this would relate to larger hydrological features such as those designated as perennial lakes and perennial rivers.

This same capability is available in ArcGIS Pro.

For more info:

https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/soil/soil-survey/importance-of-soil-survey-mb.html#

Reynolds Creek CZO soil survey and characteristics. SSURGO data included. Owhyee County, Idaho.

USDA-ARS Soil Map: Detailed vector soils map of the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW). Field mapping was done in 1966 by Soil Conservation Service personnel on 1:20000 scale aerial photography. These were transferred to 1:24000 base maps at the SCS Western Cartographic unit and hand digitized at the NWRC. Contains 30 soil series and 197 delineations. Database describing soil series is also provided. For more information see "Geographic Database: Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho, USA", in Water Resources Research by Seyfried, Harris, Marks and Jacob.

This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a soil survey area extent format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and miscellaneous areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is optional. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the National Soil Information System relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties.

These datasets are soil survey mapping available in Queensland. These surveys were conducted for different purposes and are mapped at different scales. Refer to individual records for more information.

This rating presents the taxonomic classification based on Soil Taxonomy.

The system of soil classification used by the National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories (Soil Survey Staff, 1999 and 2003). Beginning with the broadest, these categories are the order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family, and series. Classification is based on soil properties observed in the field or inferred from those observations or from laboratory measurements. This table shows the classification of the soils in the survey area. The categories are defined in the following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The differences among orders reflect the dominant soil-forming processes and the degree of soil formation. Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An example is Alfisols.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil genesis and are important to plant growth or properties that reflect the most important variables within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a suborder indicates the order. An example is Udalfs (Ud, meaning humid, plus alfs, from Alfisols).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind, arrangement, and degree of development of pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each great group is identified by the name of a suborder and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An example is Hapludalfs (Hapl, meaning minimal horizonation, plus udalfs, the suborder of the Alfisols that has a udic moisture regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central concept of the great group; it is not necessarily the most extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders, suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some properties that are not representative of the great group but do not indicate transitions to any other taxonomic class. Each subgroup is identified by one or more adjectives preceding the name of the great group. The adjective Typic identifies the subgroup that typifies the great group. An example is Typic Hapludalfs.

FAMILY. Families are established within a subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical properties and other characteristics that affect management. Generally, the properties are those of horizons below plow depth where there is much biological activity. Among the properties and characteristics considered are particle-size class, mineralogy class, cation-exchange activity class, soil temperature regime, soil depth, and reaction class. A family name consists of the name of a subgroup preceded by terms that indicate soil properties. An example is fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs.

SERIES. The series consists of soils within a family that have horizons similar in color, texture, structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical composition, and arrangement in the profile.

References: Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to soil taxonomy. 10th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. (The soils in a given survey area may have been classified according to earlier editions of this publication.)

SSURGO depicts information about the kinds and distribution of soils on the landscape. The soil map and data used in the SSURGO product were prepared by soil scientists as part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The most common use of these data is communication of soil conditions to contractors working in the park. Additional uses of these data include analysis by park partners and researchers of the physical and chemical properties of soils, including their effect and influence on the management of natural habitats, ecosystem health, and natural resource inventory.

This data set is a digital soil survey and generally is the most detailed level of soil geographic data developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. The information was prepared by digitizing maps, by compiling information onto a planimetric correct base and digitizing, or by revising digitized maps using remotely sensed and other information. This data set consists of georeferenced digital map data and computerized attribute data. The map data are in a 7.5 minute quadrangle format and include a detailed, field verified inventory of soils and nonsoil areas that normally occur in a repeatable pattern on the landscape and that can be cartographically shown at the scale mapped. A special soil features layer (point and line features) is required. This layer displays the location of features too small to delineate at the mapping scale, but they are large enough and contrasting enough to significantly influence use and management. The soil map units are linked to attributes in the Map Unit Record relational database, which gives the proportionate extent of the component soils and their properties.

These data represent a specific interpretation of the SSURGO soils data produced by the NRCS, using the NRCS Soil Data Viewer version 6.0. Building site development interpretations are designed to be used as tools for evaluating soil suitability and identifying soil limitations for various construction purposes. As part of the interpretation process, the rating applies to each soil in its described condition and does not consider present land use. Example interpretations can include corrosion of concrete and steel, shallow excavations, dwellings with and without basements, small commercial buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and landscaping.

This is a hybrid data product produced using NRCS SSURGO soils data. These data should not be considered SSURGO-compliant, as data used in this product is the result of merging data from several separate SSURGO databases. The NRCS does not endorse or support this hybrid product.These data are authoritative data published by the National Park Service. Search for additional authoritative park GIS and Map data within this system by performing a keyword search of "Great Smoky Mountains National Park". These data can also be accessed through the National Park Service Integrated Resource Management Applications Portal using Reference Codes 2219221 and 2198007

This is the digital dataset which was created by digitising the Soils of Scotland 1:25,000 Soil maps and the Soils of Scotland 1:25,000 Dyeline Masters. The Soils of Scotland 1:25,000 Soil maps were the source documents for the production of the Soils of Scotland 1:63,360 and 1:50,000 published colour map series. The soil map units are based on Soil Associations, Soil Series and Phases which reflect parent material, major soil group, and major soil sub-groups, drainage and (for phases), texture, stoniness, land use, rockiness, topography and organic matter. Phases are not always mapped. In general terms this dataset primarily covers the cultivated land of Scotland but also includes some adjacent upland areas and the Island of Mull and the Ardnamurchan peninsula. While all of the available source documents for this map series have been digitised, additional areas mapped at higher resolution for specific purposes have not been digitised. Should there be a requirement for other areas to be captured, the Internal Contact should be contacted in the first instance. Attribute definitions: The attributes on each map (coverage) are specific to that map sheet, but in general terms the following categories are mapped: soil association, soil series, parent material, soil complexes, soil phases, skeletal soils, alluvial soils, organic soils, miscellaneous soils, mixed bottom land, built-up area, quarries/disturbed ground, collieries/bings, golf courses.

This digital soil survey information is used by soil scientists, hydrologists, ecologists, planners and other land managers to locate, compare, and select suitable areas for major kinds of land uses; to identify areas that need more intensive investigations; and to evaluate various management alternatives and predict the effects of the particular alternative on the land. Other intended uses of the soil survey include, but are not limited to, providing federal, state, and private organizations with resource information as it relates to activities such as power transmission right-of-way, coastal zone management, forest land management plans, mineral and energy exploration and development, and site suitability for buildings and dwellings. Tongass National Forest soil scientists began mapping soils in the early 1960s. By 1992 mapping was largely completed for approximately 10 million acres of the forest. During mapping, polylines were created using tones and textures on aerial photographs and field-verification. Soil map units were digitized from polygons drawn on 1:31,680 scale Mylar maps. Polygons on aerial photos were traced onto Mylar overlay sheets using a rapidiograph pen, which is accurate to .035 inches of the source data. Polygons were digitized to .001 inches of their location of the digitizing source (Mylar overlay). Accounting for the possibility of cumulative errors during transfer and digitizing, positional accuracy may vary by ± 250 feet. More recent inventories like Yakutat and South Kruzof were pre-mapped using on-screen digitizing with orthophotos and contours as base maps. Historically, the forest was divided into three soil survey areas-Stikine, Chatham, and Ketchikan. These areas are indicated in the FOREST field of the attribute table as follows: 2 = Stikine, 3 = Chatham, 5 = Ketchikan. By the end of the 1990s the digital soil inventory for the three survey areas on the forest were aggregated into one feature class. Beginning in the late 2000s an effort was made to move the soil inventory to Web Soil Survey (WSS). Each survey area was correlated separately. Updates to line work have occurred since 2010 to include areas not previously mapped. In 2020 a fourth area, the Yakutat Forelands was incorporated in WSS and the forest-wide feature class updated with that information. Line work for the southern half of Kruzof Island is included in this feature class but is currently in the correlation process and is not yet available on WSS. The update in 2020 also used all available line work from WSS to make the forest-wide dataset consistent with the data on WSS. Stikine Area (FOREST = 2): All lands within the Stikine Administrative Area have been mapped. This includes all federal, state, and private lands, including wilderness. The soil is mapped at different intensities across the area based on their Land Use Designations (LUDs) in the Tongass Land Management Plan, USDA-FS, 1979. Generally, areas designated for intensive land use (LUD III) are mapped at larger scales (Order 3 level, 1:15,840), while other areas designated for low intensity land use (LUD I&II) are mapped at smaller scales (Order 4 level, 1:31,680). Some areas that are currently LUD I&II were mapped to Order 3 prior to designation. All of the Stikine Area is mapped to an Order 3 level with the exception of the following, which were mapped to Order 4: the Stikine-LeConte Wilderness Area (Farm and Dry Islands are mapped to Order 3), Anan Creek area, and mainland areas designated for semi-remote recreation use. For exact locations, see Preliminary Soil Resource Inventory Report, Stikine Area. Order 3 surveys were mapped on 1:15,840 scale aerial photos. This resulted in map delineations no smaller than approximately 3 acres, ranging up to several hundred acres. The map units in the Order 3 survey area are composed of soil associations, some consociations and some complexes. The Order 4 surveys were mapped on 1:31,680 scale high-altitude infrared aerial photographs. This resulted in map units no smaller than approximately 10 acres and ranged as high as 500 acres in size. The map units in the Order 4 survey area are composed of phases of soil families, or subgroups. Design of initial mapping units in the Stikine area was strongly influenced by soil-vegetation relationships. This is referred to as the "Soil Ecosystem" type of mapping units, which are defined based on natural vegetation types, corresponding soil properties and associated landform types. Map units were also broken out by slope class.Chatham Area (FOREST = 3): The Chatham Area soil survey covers approximately 4.5 million acres of the Tongass National Forest. The inventory occurred in two stages and was done at two levels of detail. An Order 3 survey was conducted from 1981 to 1984, and an Order 4 survey was conducted from 1987 to 1989. Wilderness areas, national monuments, ANILCA additions, state, private and native lands were not mapped. The Order 3 survey is composed primarily of areas referred to as "Land Use Designations (LUDs) III and IV in the Tongass Land Management Plan, USDA-FS, 1979. LUD III were managed for a combination of uses, including recreation and some timber harvest. LUD IV were allocated to intensive resource use and development opportunities, primarily timber harvest and mining. Both LUD III and IV areas required the greater detail of an Order 3 survey. The Order 4 survey is composed primarily of LUD II. LUD II areas were allocated to roadless area management. The lower intensity management of LUD II justified a less detailed Order 4 survey. For exact locations, see Chatham Area Ecological Unit Inventory User Guide, figure 1. The inventory area was pre-mapped on either color aerial photographs at a scale of 1:15,840 (Order 3) or high altitude, color infrared aerial photographs at a scale of 1:63,360 (Order 4). South Kruzof soil survey covers about 60,795 acres of the Tongass National Forest. It represents the soils on the young Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field. The area was initially mapped during the 1981 to 1984 Order 3 Chatham soil survey. A second effort to gather more data began in 1994 but was not completed at that time. The effort to map South Kruzof restarted during 2009 and was completed in 2011. It was mapped digitally at a scale of 1:31,680 on 1998 2-meter black and white Digital Ortho Quads. The Yakutat soil survey covers about 487,758 acres of the Tongass, primarily on the Yakutat Forelands. This survey was also started during the 1981 to 1984 Order 3 soil survey. Additional data was collected in 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992, and 1993. The Yakutat survey was picked up again in 2009 and completed in 2013, although the mountainous areas are still unmapped. Yakutat was mapped digitally at a scale of 1:31,680 on 2008 Color 1 meter Digital Ortho Quarter Quads. The NRCS completed correlation on the Yakutat mapping area in 2020 but has not completed correlation of South Kruzof. The Chatham inventory was strongly influenced by soil-landform relationships. Additionally, vegetation, geology, and soils information was used to stratify the landscape into natural integral units that reflect ecological processes. Map units were also broken out by slope classes. The mapping criteria are based on features that may be either directly observed or inferred from natural landscape and vegetative features viewed on an aerial photograph. The intent of the mapping is to delineate integral ecological units that provide information required to achieve National Forest System management objectives. The Yakutat SMUs are nested in the landtype associations (LTAs) that were mapped in Landtype Associations of the Yakutat Foreland by Michael Shephard and Terry Brock (Technical Publication No. R10-TP-109, 2002). These LTAs were generalized for the soil survey.Ketchikan Area (FOREST = 5): The Ketchikan soil survey area covers approximately 3 million acres. It includes all of the area previously known as the Ketchikan Administrative Area except the following: Misty Fjords National Monument Wilderness and non-wilderness areas, the South Prince of Wales area and large tracts of federal (Bureau of Land Management), state, private borough and municipal lands. These unmapped lands are found on Cleveland Peninsula, Revillagigedo Island, Sukkwan Island, Long Island, Dall Island and Prince of Wales Island. Areas within the Ketchikan Area Soil Survey are mapped at different levels of intensity. Those designated as moderate and intensive development under the 1997 Tongass Land Management Plan (1997 TLMP) Revision, are mapped at an Order 3 level. Most wilderness areas were not included in the soil survey, although some areas now designated as wilderness and National Monument or 'Mostly Natural Setting' were mapped prior to those designations. These areas include: outside islands (Noyes, Lulu and Baker), Mt Calder/Mt. Holbrook Area, Salmon Bay, Coronation Island, Maurelle Islands, Warren Island, and the Karta River. Some other lands identified in the 1997 TLMP Revision under Wilderness and National Monument and 'Mostly Natural' settings were mapped at an Order 4 level. These areas include: Duke, Hotspur and Cat Islands, Cleveland Peninsula (North of Yes Bay), Bell Island, area east of Naha Bay, and area north of Cholmondeley Sound. For exact locations, see Ketchikan Area Soil Survey User Guide, Tongass N.F., p. 13. The Order 3 surveys were mapped on 1:15,840 or 1:40,000 aerial photos. This resulted in map delineations no smaller than approximately 3 acres ranging up to several hundred acres. The Order 3 survey areas are composed approximately of one-third each of map units of soil consociations, associations and complexes. The Order 4 surveys were mapped on 1:15,840 colored aerial photographs. This resulted in map delineations no smaller than approximately 10 acres and ranging as high as 500 acres in size. The map units are composed of phases of series, soil families, or subgroups.The criteria

SoilWeb applications can be used to access and explore USDA-NCSS detailed soil survey maps and data (SSURGO) for most of the United States, as well as maps and data outside of Web Soil Survey. Developed by the University of California. Available interface apps:

SoilWeb SoilWeb Earth SEE: Soil Series Extent Explorer Soil Properties Soil Agricultural Groundwater Banking Index (SAGBI) Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Website Pointer for SoilWeb Apps. File Name: Web Page, url: https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/soilweb-apps/ SoilWeb products that can be used to access USDA-NCSS detailed soil survey data (SSURGO) for most of the United States.

This digital dataset was created by the James Hutton Institute (previously Macaulay Institute for Soil Research) by digitising the Soils of Scotland 1:25,000 Soil maps and the Soils of Scotland 1:25,000 Dyeline Masters. The Soils of Scotland 1:25,000 Soil maps were the source documents for the production of the the Soils of Scotland 1:63,360 and 1:50,000 published map series. Where no 1:25,000 published maps exist 1:63,360 maps have been digitised for this data set, the field SOURCE_MAP describes the source of the data. The classification is based on Soil Associations, Soil Series and Phases which reflect parent material, major soil group, and soil sub-groups, drainage and (for phases), texture, stoniness, land use, rockiness, topography and organic matter. Phases are not always mapped. In general terms this dataset covers the arable areas of Scotland. Not all of the available source documents have been digitised. Should there be a requirement for other areas to be captured, the Internal Contact should be contacted in the first instance. The attributes on each map (coverage) are specific to that map sheet, but in general terms the following categories are mapped: soil association, soil series, parent material, soil complexes, soil phases, skeletal soils, alluvial soils, organic soils, miscellaneous soils, mixed bottom land, built-up area, quarries/disturbed ground, collieries/bings, golf courses. This version of the data is Phase Three and it supercedes Phases One & Two; it was released on 4th March 2015. This includes all the data previously issued, however the data with an attribute value of '3' in the attribute ReleasePhse has been revised in this release. Revisions to the remaining parts of the data set will follow in subsequent phases.The attribute table for this Phase 3 revision incorporates new column names compared to previous releases of this data which fit within the naming protocol for soil attributes within Scotland’s National Soils Database and is progressing towards a seamless integration of datasets.The Phase 2 release contained new attributes describing soil parent materials, landforms and component soils within soil complexes. The landform descriptions only apply to soil complexes as this information was not systematically recorded for soil series. Names and codes for major soil subgroups (using the 2013 soil classification system) and soil series are listed for up to eight component soils within soil complexes. This release (Phase 3) also includes the full MSSG list for soil complexes. To ensure compatibility over all four phased releases of these datasets, the content of these new fields may be revised during the preparation of Phase 4 as new information emerges.This release includes changes to Strichen and Arkaig Associations, see Lineage, below.

soilDB is one of the Algorithms for Quantitative Pedology (AQP) suite of R packages, and comprises a collection of functions for reading data from USDA-NCSS (National Cooperative Soil Survey) soil databases including SoilWeb, Series Extent Explorer, and Soil Data Explorer. This package provides methods for extracting soils information from local PedonPC and AK Site databases (MS Access format), local NASIS databases (MS SQL Server), and the SDA webservice. Currently USDA-NCSS data sources are supported, however, there are plans to develop interfaces to outside systems such as the Global Soil Mapping project. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Website pointer to soilDB: Soil Database Interface. File Name: Web Page, url: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/soilDB/index.html

The Soil and Terrain Database for Northeastern Africa contains land resource information on soils, physiography, geology and vegetation for the following ten countries: Burundi, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda. The information is accessible with an easy-to-use viewer program and is also stored in vector Arc/Info export format. Information on individual soil properties with class values is also given. A land suitability assessment for irrigated and upland crops for each unit is included. The scale ofthe source material is variable and ranges between 1:1 million and 1:2 million. A user manual for the viewer program and background information on the collected and correlated land resource materials are contained in filed documents.

Soils are classified in the Revised Legend; physiographic and lithology information was collected using an earlier draft version of the SOTER manual.

The Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) -- Sudan, Kenya, Djibouti, Somalia, Uganda, Eritrea, Ethiopia -- Crop Production System Zones (CPSZ) software is a detailed database that provides background information about actual farming in the region. It comes with a program (CVIEW, a CPSZ viewer) that displays maps, zooms in and out, and provides export facilities for the maps in image format and for the actual data in text format. The elementary mapping unit is a compromise between administrative units and agro-ecological zones: whenever steep agro-ecological gradients exist, administrative units are subdivided, thus resulting in 1200 mapping units that are homogeneous from an agro-ecological point of view, while retaining the compatibility with the administrative units used for most socio-economic variables in agricultural planning.

The just over 500 mappable variables are subdivided into several categories covering the spectrum from agronomy and livestock to the physical environment. For each mapping unit, detailed information is also presented on the crop calendar, typical yields and main pests and diseases.

This CD-ROM contains a collection of land and natural resource information for Northeastern Africa, in particular for the IGAD countries bordering the Nile basin. It includes data on administrative boundaries, rivers and lakes, soil and terrain, climatology, land use, physiography, geology and natural vegetation in easily accessible format.

Soil and Terrain Database for Northeasterm Africa (1:1 Million Scale) and Crop Production System Zones of the IGAD Subregion is provided on CD-ROM by the FAO, Land and Water Digital Media Series (Number 2). The CD-ROM can be purchased (Price: US$40) from FAO, Sales and Marketing Group, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 0100 Rome, Italy (Fax: +39-06-5705-3360 E-mail: publications-sales@fao.org).

Defining the pre-European range of vegetation communities can enhance our understanding of the role soil, hydrology, and climate had on climax plant communities within southwest Louisiana. Coastal prairie grasslands were in a perpetual state of succession due to two primary disturbances; grazing, primarily by bison and other ungulates, and fires ignited by lightning and Native Americans. Along its borders, prairie vegetation blended into adjacent plant communities forming biologically diverse ecotones that may have fluctuated between a prairie, marsh, or forest dominated community as a result of variable conditions including climate cycles, disturbance and soil characteristics. Since European settlement, this landscape has undergone dramatic change with less than 1% of intact coastal prairie remaining. Conservation entities across the Western Gulf Coastal Plain are taking a collaborative, strategic, landscape scale approach to pollinator conservation. This effort encourages communication and implementation of restoration and habitat enhancement actions within water sheds. We have produced a spatial dataset which considers landscape position and soil type, based on Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) data, to predict appropriate vegetation associations for plantings across southwest Louisiana based on expert elicitation, and historic references. Methods to produce this product begin with soil boundaries and identification information using Map Unit Keys (MUKEY) which were gathered from SSURGO data (Soil Survey Staff, NRCS 2017). Each mukey number was reviewed on the SOIL WEB to obtain information about components. Components include the proportion and general geomorphic features associated with soil series. Natural vegetation associations were examined and documented for each soil series individually using multiple references, including USDA Soil Series descriptions, expert elicitation, and historical spatial references. Professional reference maps contributed to this spatial dataset and include an 1863 work by Henry L. Abbot and numerous General Land Office surveyor maps and surveyor descriptions from the early 1800s drawn at the scale of a township. General vegetation categories associated with Soil Types (Mukey) were derived from reviewing the vegetation associations of the dominant components, or soil series. These general categories include: anthropogenic, prairie, transition, forest, marsh, swamp, uncertain, and water. Anthropogenic categories were generally due to significant dredging, or other industrial activities. Transitional areas included savannas and areas which may have significantly changed from prairie to forest dominated communities due to rainfall and/or fire frequency and intensity. Forest and swamp includes a range of forest types from which the distinction between these two categories primarily depend upon relative elevation and hydrology. There were a few soil series in which we are uncertain of their pre-settlement vegetation. These areas are anomalies on the landscape and include salt domes and old, disjunct river meanders which are largely comprised of Pleistocene soils and were most likely marais, yet currently much of it is heavily forested as bottomlands, and we are therefore uncertain if this result is solely due to absence of fire. Attribute data include MUKEYs within the parishes which are included in the Louisiana portion of the Gulf Coastal Plain Ecoregion. Information in the table includes symbols, common names, and components which were compiled from SSURGO dataset and Soil Web online resources (Soil Survey Staff, NRCS, accessed 2/2017). For more detailed vegetation associations for individual soil series, please refer to 'VegSoilAssoc_SWLA.pdf' or 'VegSoilAssoc_SWLA.csv'.