This dataset includes information on completed and pipeline (not yet installed) solar electric projects supported by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA). Blank cells represent data that were not required or are not currently available. Contractor data is provided for completed projects only, except for Community Distributed Generation projects. Pipeline projects are subject to change. The interactive map at https://data.ny.gov/Energy-Environment/Solar-Electric-Programs-Reported-by-NYSERDA-Beginn/3x8r-34rs provides information on solar photovoltaic (PV) installations supported by NYSERDA throughout New York State since 2000 by county, region, or statewide. Updated monthly, the graphs show the number of projects, expected production, total capacity, and annual trends.

The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) offers objective information and analysis, innovative programs, technical expertise, and support to help New Yorkers increase energy efficiency, save money, use renewable energy, and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. To learn more about NYSERDA’s programs, visit https://nyserda.ny.gov or follow us on X, Facebook, YouTube, or Instagram.

Global consumption of renewable energy has increased significantly over the last two decades. Consumption levels nearly reached ***** exajoules in 2024. This upward trend reflects the increasing adoption of clean energy technologies worldwide. However, despite its rapid growth, renewable energy consumption still remains far below that of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels still dominate energy landscape While renewable energy use has expanded, fossil fuels continue to dominate the global energy mix. Coal consumption reached *** exajoules in 2023, marking its highest level to date. Oil consumption also hit a record high in 2024, exceeding *** billion metric tons for the first time. Natural gas consumption has remained relatively stable in recent years, hovering around **** trillion cubic meters annually. These figures underscore the ongoing challenges in transitioning to a low-carbon energy system. Renewable energy investments The clean energy sector has experienced consistent growth over the past decade, with investments more than doubling from *** billion U.S. dollars in 2014 to *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. China has emerged as the frontrunner in renewable energy investment, contributing *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. This substantial funding has helped propel the renewable energy industry forward.

The UK's fuel use by industry (SIC 2007 group - around 130 categories) and type (coal, natural gas, petrol, diesel oil for road vehicles (DERV), fuel oil, gas oil, aviation fuel and other); UK level fuel use of nuclear, hydro, wind, solar, geothermal aquifers and net imports, 1990 to 2023. This table excludes biofuels and waste.

Solar power generation in India has increased considerably in the last few years. In 2024, the country produced roughly 133.81 terawatt-hours of electricity from solar energy. India aims to achieve a total solar capacity of 280 gigawatts by 2030. Solar potential in India India, blessed with about 300 sunny days yearly, experiences a significant influx of solar energy. This annual solar potential surpasses the collective energy output of all available fossil fuel reserves. In 2024, solar power comprised nearly 36 percent of India's renewable potential, marking a substantial shift toward a more sustainable and diverse energy mix. Solar power in Gujarat The Gujarat Renewable Energy Policy introduced by the state's government sets a target to generate 50 perent of renewable energy by 2030. As of March 2024, Gujarat was the leading state, with nearly 2.5 gigawatts of installed rooftop solar capacity.

Property-Plant-and-Equipment-Gross Time Series for Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises Inc. Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, provides energy and emissions control solutions to industrial, electrical utility, municipal, and other customers in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, and Philippines. The company operates through three segments: Babcock & Wilcox Renewable; Babcock & Wilcox Environmental; and Babcock & Wilcox Thermal. The Babcock & Wilcox Renewable segment offers technologies divert the waste from landfills for power generation and replacing fossil fuels and recovering metals and reducing emissions. It offers BrightLoop, a hydrogen generation technology that generates hydrogen from a range of fuels, including solid fuels, such as biomass and coal. This segment also provides technologies for power and heat generation comprising waste-to-energy; OxyBright, an oxygen-fired biomass-to-energy technology; and black liquor systems for the pulp and paper industry. The Babcock & Wilcox Environmental segment offers a range of emissions control and environmental technology solutions for utility, waste-to-energy, biomass-to-energy, carbon black, and industrial steam generation applications. This segment provides systems for cooling, ash handling, particulate control, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides removal, chemical looping for carbon control, and mercury control under the SolveBright, OxyBright, BrightLoop, and BrightGen names. The Babcock & Wilcox Thermal segment offers aftermarket parts, construction, maintenance, engineered upgrades, and field services for its installed bases, as well as the installed base of other OEMs for power generation, oil and gas, petrochemical, food processing, metals, and others. This segment also provides steam generation systems, including package boilers, watertube and firetube waste heat boilers, and other boilers to medium and heavy industrial customers. Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises, Inc. was founded in 1867 and is headquartered in Akron, Ohio.

Income-Before-Tax Time Series for SEMBCORP INDUSTRIES LTD. Sembcorp Industries Ltd, an investment holding company, engages in providing industrial and urban solutions in Singapore, the United Kingdom, China, India, rest of Asia, the Middle East, and internationally. It operates through five segments: Gas and Related Services, Renewables, Integrated Urban Solutions, Decarbonisation Solutions, and Other Businesses and Corporate. The Gas and Related Service segment engages in the sale of energy molecules, including natural gas, steam, and electricity from various fossil fuels, such as natural gas; and water products. The Renewables segment provides electricity from solar and wind resources and energy storage solutions, as well as system services that support integration of renewables into grid. This segment also includes the development and provision of installation, operation, and maintenance of solar, wind, and energy storage assets. The Integrated Urban Solutions segment develops large-scale integrated urban and integrated townships, such as industrial parks, business, commercial and residential spaces, and production and reclamation of water and industrial wastewater treatment, as well as solid waste management and waste-to-resource solutions. The Decarbonisation Solutions segment trades in environmental attributes, green hydrogen and ammonia, and power, as well as engages in carbon capture, utilization, and storage business. The Other Businesses and Corporate segment engages in the construction and minting activities; and insurance and financial services. The company was formerly known as Minaret Limited and changed its name to Sembcorp Industries Ltd in July 1998. Sembcorp Industries Ltd was incorporated in 1998 and is headquartered in Singapore.

Financial-Leverage-Ratio Time Series for SEMBCORP INDUSTRIES LTD. Sembcorp Industries Ltd, an investment holding company, engages in providing industrial and urban solutions in Singapore, the United Kingdom, China, India, rest of Asia, the Middle East, and internationally. It operates through five segments: Gas and Related Services, Renewables, Integrated Urban Solutions, Decarbonisation Solutions, and Other Businesses and Corporate. The Gas and Related Service segment engages in the sale of energy molecules, including natural gas, steam, and electricity from various fossil fuels, such as natural gas; and water products. The Renewables segment provides electricity from solar and wind resources and energy storage solutions, as well as system services that support integration of renewables into grid. This segment also includes the development and provision of installation, operation, and maintenance of solar, wind, and energy storage assets. The Integrated Urban Solutions segment develops large-scale integrated urban and integrated townships, such as industrial parks, business, commercial and residential spaces, and production and reclamation of water and industrial wastewater treatment, as well as solid waste management and waste-to-resource solutions. The Decarbonisation Solutions segment trades in environmental attributes, green hydrogen and ammonia, and power, as well as engages in carbon capture, utilization, and storage business. The Other Businesses and Corporate segment engages in the construction and minting activities; and insurance and financial services. The company was formerly known as Minaret Limited and changed its name to Sembcorp Industries Ltd in July 1998. Sembcorp Industries Ltd was incorporated in 1998 and is headquartered in Singapore.

This data publication offers updated data about low-carbon energy technology (LCET) patents and citations links to the scientific literature. Compared to a previous version, it also contains data on biofuels and fuels from waste technologies. The updated version also contains the code (R-scripts) that have been used to (1) compile the data and (2) to reproduce the statistical analysis including figures and tables presented in the final paper Hötte, Pichler, Lafond (2021): "The rise of science in low-carbon energy technologies", RSER. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110654.

This data publication contains different data sets (in .RData and (long-term archivable) .tsv format). Further information about each data set is provided in more detail below.

• "all_papers.RData" : Data on scientific papers from Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG), 3 columns: Paper ID, Paper year, cited (binary 0-1, indicates whether the paper is cited by a patent).

• "all_patents.RData" : Data on USPTO utility patents, 6 columns: Patent number, Patent year (grant year), CPC class, Patent date, Patent title, citing_to_science (binary 0-1, indicates whether the patent is citing to science).

• "LCET_patents.RData" : Subset of LCET patents, 6 columns: Patent number, Patent year (grant year), Technology type, CPC class, Patent date, Patent title.

• "LCET_patent_citations.RData" : Citations from LCET patents to other patents, 2 columns: citing, cited (Patent numbers).

• "LCET_subset_with_metainfo_final.RData" : Citations from LCET patents to scientific papers from MAG, complemented by meta-information on patents and papers, 18 columns: Patent number, Paper ID, Patent year, Paper year, Technology type, WoS field, Patent title, Paper title, DOI, Confidence Score, Citation type, Reference type, Journal/ Conf. name, Journal ID, Conference ID, CPC class, Patent date, US patent.

• "patent:citations.RData": Patent citations among all patents (not only LCET), 2 columns: citing, cited (Patent numbers).
  
  

Moreover, this data publication contains a folder "code" with 2 subfolders:

• "R_code_create_data" contains the R-scripts used to create the data sample.

• "R_code_plots_and_figures" contains all R-scripts used to make the statistical analyses presented in the text (including figures and tables).
  Please check the read-me documents in the code folder for further detail.

License and terms of use ###

This data is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Please find the full license text below.

If you want to use the data, do not forget to give appropriate credit by citing this article:
Kerstin Hötte, Anton Pichler, François Lafond, The rise of science in low-carbon energy technologies, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 139, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110654

LCET definition and concepts

LCET are defined by Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) codes. CPC offers "tags" that are assigned to patents that are useful for the adaptation and mitigation of climate chagen. LCET are identified by YO2E codes, i.e. that are assigned to technologies that contribute to the "REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION". Only the subset of Y02E01 ("Energy generation through renewable energy sources"), Y02E03 ("Energy generation of nuclear origin") and Y02E5 ("Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin") technologies are used.
10 different LCET are distinguished: Solar PV, Wind, Solar thermal, Ocean power, Hydroelectric, Geothermal, Biofuels, Fuels from waste, Nuclear fission and Nuclear fusion.

More information about the Y02-tags can be found in: Veefkind, Victor, et al. "A new EPO classification scheme for climate change mitigation technologies." World Patent Information 34.2 (2012): 106-111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2011.12.004

Data sources and compilation

The data was generated by the merge of different data sets. 1.) Patent data from USPTO was downloaded here: https://bulkdata.uspto.gov/ 2.) Complementary data on grant year and patent title was taken from: https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/google-patents-public-datasets-connecting-public-paid-and-private-patent-data 3.) Citations to science come from the Reliance on Science (RoS) data set https://zenodo.org/record/3685972 (v23, Feb. 24, 2020) DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3685972

The directory ("code") offers the R-scripts that were used to process MAG data and to link it to patent data. The header of the R-scripts offer additional technical information about the subsetting procedures a

THE NYSERDA 2024 SOILS DATA IS TO BE USED FOR NYSERDA’S RENEWABLE ENERGY STANDARD (RES) REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) ISSUED AFTER THE PUBLICATION OF THIS DATA OR THE NY-SUN PROGRAM AND IS NOT INTENDED TO REPRESENT ACTUAL IN SITU SOIL CONDITIONS.

In order to facilitate the protection of agricultural lands, developers participating in RESRFPs or the NY-Sun program may be responsible for making an agricultural mitigation payment to a designated fund based on the extent to which the solar project’s facility area overlaps with an Agricultural District and New York’s highly productive agricultural soils, identified as Mineral Soil Groups (MSG) classifications 1 through 4 (MSG 1-4). This mitigation approach is designed to discourage solar projects from siting on MSG 1-4. Furthermore, this mitigation approach is designed to encourage retaining agricultural productivity on the project site. Instances where Proposers cannot avoid or minimize impacts on MSG 1-4 will result in a payment to a fund administered by NYSERDA. Disbursement of collected agricultural mitigation payment funds will be informed by consultation with the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets (AGM) to support ongoing regional agricultural practices and/or soil conservation initiatives.

This dataset contains a combination of soils data from multiple sources to serve participants of NYSERDA’s Large-Scale Renewable and NY-Sun programs. The NYSERDA 2024 Soils Data was created by converting the 2024 New York State Agricultural Land Classification master list of soils maintained by AGM to a tabular form and providing a corresponding unique identifier for each listed soil that enables the user to link the soils to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) SSURGO soils database, allowing for a geographical representation. When the NYSERDA 2024 Soils Data is joined with spatial data from the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) SSURGO soils database, the corresponding soil unit can be mapped in a geographic information system software. The latest version of the SSURGO database should be used to get the most accurate join. Data is updated yearly from both NRCS and from AGM, however, NYSERDA will not update this dataset and it will remain intact for future reference. NYSERDA intends on creating new soils datasets for future procurements on an annual basis.

The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) offers objective information and analysis, innovative programs, technical expertise, and support to help New Yorkers increase energy efficiency, save money, use renewable energy, and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. To learn more about NYSERDA’s programs, visit nyserda.ny.gov or follow us on X, Facebook, YouTube, or Instagram.

Global primary energy consumption has increased dramatically in recent years and is projected to continue to increase until 2045. Only hydropower and renewable energy consumption are expected to increase between 2045 and 2050 and reach 30 percent of the global energy consumption. Energy consumption by country The distribution of energy consumption globally is disproportionately high among some countries. China, the United States, and India were by far the largest consumers of primary energy globally. On a per capita basis, it was Qatar, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, and Iceland to have the highest per capita energy consumption. Renewable energy consumption Over the last two decades, renewable energy consumption has increased to reach over 90 exajoules in 2023. Among all countries globally, China had the largest installed renewable energy capacity as of that year, followed by the United States.

This dataset contains monthly performance indicators for Wastewater Resource Recovery Facilities (WRRFs) that operate co-digestion and biogas-to-grid programs. The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) treats the solid component of the City’s wastewater using anaerobic digestion. This biological process produces biosolids, which can be used as fertilizer, and biogas, a renewable energy source.

Co-digestion is the process of digesting food scraps alongside sewage sludge. The biogas generated is used on-site in boilers to heat the digesters and provide space heating. Excess biogas undergoes biogas-to-grid treatment, where it is purified and upgraded to renewable natural gas (RNG). Following purification, the RNG is exported to the natural gas pipeline as a direct replacement to fossil fuels. Excess biogas is flared during temporary system outages of the biogas cleaning system due to maintenance, operational constraints, or emergency events.

The co-digestion and biogas-to-grid program provides a local recycling outlet for food scraps, transforming waste into renewable energy. Together, they reduce greenhouse gas emissions by replacing a portion of fossil natural gas with RNG and avoiding the methane emissions that would occur if the food scraps were disposed of in a landfill. For more information visit: https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/whats-new/resource-recovery.page

THE NYSERDA 2022 SOILS DATA IS TO BE USED FOR NYSERDA’S PROCUREMENT PURPOSES OR THE NY-SUN PROGRAM AND IS NOT INTENDED TO REPRESENT ACTUAL IN SITU SOIL CONDITIONS.

NYSERDA has launched the Renewable Energy Standard (RES) request for proposals, RESRFP22-1, to continue accelerating progress towards New York’s goal of generating 70 percent of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030. Through RESRFP22-1, NYSERDA seeks to procure approximately 4.5 million Tier 1 eligible Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) from eligible facilities that enter commercial operation on or after January 1, 2015 and on or before November 30, 2024, unless extended to November 30, 2027.

In order to facilitate the protection of agricultural lands, developers participating in RESRFP22-1 or the NY-Sun program may be responsible for making an agricultural mitigation payment to a designated fund based on the extent to which the solar project’s facility area overlaps with an Agricultural District and New York’s highly productive agricultural soils, identified as Mineral Soil Groups (MSG) classifications 1 through 4 (MSG 1-4). This mitigation approach is designed to discourage solar projects from siting on MSG 1-4. Furthermore, this mitigation approach is designed to encourage retaining agricultural productivity on the project site. Instances where Proposers cannot avoid or minimize impacts on MSG 1-4 will result in a payment to a fund administered by NYSERDA. Disbursement of collected agricultural mitigation payment funds will be informed by consultation with the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets (AGM) to support ongoing regional agricultural practices and/or soil conservation initiatives.

This dataset contains a combination of soils data from multiple sources to serve participants of NYSERDA’s Large-Scale Renewable and NY-Sun programs. The NYSERDA 2022 Soils Data was created by converting the 2022 New York State Agricultural Land Classification master list of soils maintained by AGM to a tabular form and providing a corresponding unique identifier for each listed soil that enables the user to link the soils to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) SSURGO soils database, allowing for a geographical representation. When the NYSERDA 2022 Soils Data is joined with spatial data from the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) SSURGO soils database, the corresponding soil unit can be mapped in a geographic information system software. The latest version of the SSURGO database should be used to get the most accurate join. Data is updated yearly from both NRCS and from AGM, however, NYSERDA will not update this dataset and it will remain intact for future reference. NYSERDA intends on creating new soils datasets for future procurements on an annual basis.

The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) offers objective information and analysis, innovative programs, technical expertise, and support to help New Yorkers increase energy efficiency, save money, use renewable energy, and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. To learn more about NYSERDA’s programs, visit nyserda.ny.gov or follow us on X, Facebook, YouTube, or Instagram.