The National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) is a serially complete collection of meteorological and solar irradiance data sets for the United States and a growing list of international locations for 1998-2023. The NSRDB is updated annually and provides foundational information to support U.S. Department of Energy programs, research, industry and the general public. The NSRDB provides time-series data at 30-minute resolution of resource averaged over surface cells of 0.038 degrees in both latitude and longitude, or nominally 4 km in size. Additionally time series data at 5 minutes for the US and 10 minutes for North, Central and South America at 2 km resolution are produced from the next generation of GOES satellites and made available from 2019. The solar radiation values represent the resource available to solar energy systems. The data was created using cloud properties which are generated using the AVHRR Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x) algorithms developed by the University of Wisconsin. Fast all-sky radiation model for solar applications (FARMS) in conjunction with the cloud properties, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) and precipitable water vapor (PWV) from ancillary source are used to estimate solar irradiance (GHI, DNI, and DHI). The Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) is computed for clear skies using the REST2 model. For cloud scenes identified by the cloud mask, FARMS is used to compute GHI and FARMS DNI is used to compute the Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI). The PATMOS-X model uses radiance images in visible and infrared channels from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series of geostationary weather satellites. Ancillary variables needed to run REST2 and FARMS (e.g., aerosol optical depth, precipitable water vapor, and albedo) are derived from NASA's Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis (MERRA-2) dataset. Temperature and wind speed data are also derived from MERRA-2 and provided for use in NREL's System Advisor Model (SAM) to compute PV generation.

The UK hourly solar radiation data contain the amount of solar irradiance received during the hour ending at the specified time. All sites report 'global' radiation amounts. This is also known as 'total sky radiation' as it includes both direct solar irradiance and 'diffuse' irradiance as a result of light scattering. Some sites also provide separate diffuse and direct irradiation amounts, depending on the instrumentation at the site. For these the sun's path is tracked with two pyrometers - one where the path to the sun is blocked by a suitable disc to allow the scattered sunlight to be measured to give the diffuse measurement, while the other has a tube pointing at the sun to measure direct solar irradiance whilst blanking out scattered sun light.

For details about the different measurements made and the limited number of sites making them please see the MIDAS Solar Irradiance table linked to in the online resources section of this record.

This version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023.

The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, MODLERAD, ESAWRADT and DRADR35 messages. The data spans from 1947 to 2023.

This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record.

The National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) was produced by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The NSRDB update is a collection of hourly values of the three most common measurements of solar radiation (i.e., global horizontal, direct normal, and diffuse horizontal) over a period of time adequate to establish means and extremes and at a sufficient number or locations to represent regional solar radiation climates. Nearly all of the solar data in the NSRDB are modeled, and only 40 sites have measured solar data - none of them with a complete period of record. Because of the data-filling methods used to accomplish the goal of serial completeness, NSRDB meteorological data are not suitable for climatological work. The meteorological fields in the NSRDB should be used only as ancillary data for solar deployment and sizing applications. Filled/interpolated meteorological data should not be used for climatic applications. (All such data are flagged.) The serially complete hourly data provided in the NSRDB update are provided in two output formats: 1) ground-based solar and meteorological dataset, and 2) 10 km gridded output produced by the SUNY model. The 1991-2010 NSRDB is an update of the 1991-2005 NSRDB released in 2006 and archived at NCDC. The updated NSRDB dataset an hourly ground-based data set of solar and meteorological fields for 1454 stations. The primary provider for ground-based data is NCDC, which are stored as site-year files in comma-separated value (CSV) American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) format. Station identification numbers use the six-digit United States Air Force (USAF) station ID numbering scheme. The measured solar radiation data came from multiple sources, including: Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, Department of Energy Florida Solar Energy Center, State of Florida Integrated Surface Irradiance Study and Surface Radiation Budget Measurement Networks, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resources Laboratory and Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division Measurement and Instrumentation Data Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Oregon Solar Radiation Monitoring Laboratory Network University of Texas Solar Energy Laboratory. All meteorological data were provided by the National Climatic Data Center from its Integrated Surface Hourly Database (ISD) product. The NSRDB Statistics Files hold summary statistics for all Class I and Class II stations. The Daily Statistics provide monthly and annual averages of solar radiation and several meteorological parameters for both annual and a 20 year roll-up. The Hourly Statistics provide average diurnal profiles by hour for each station year for each solar parameter. The Persistence Statistics provide multiple levels of persistence for up to 30 days for each station for each solar parameter. These Summary Statistics files are documented in the NSRDB User's Manual.

SOLDAY contains daily solar radiation and collateral meteorological data. The major parameters making up this data file are sunrise/sunset (local standard time), extraterrestrial radiation, direct radiation, global radiation on a horizontal surface (1. observed data, 2. engineering corrected data, 3. model corrected data), supplemental radiation measurement, minutes and percent of possible sunshine, temperature (max, min, mean), precipitation, snowfall, snow depth, days with weather, and sky cover. Daily solar radiation - surface meteorological data (SOLDAY) is a common format designed to provide quality controlled daily solar insolation and collateral meteorological data available at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI).

This dataset prepresents solar radiation measurements from our weather stations at Ballyhaise, Johnstown Castle, Malin Head and Gurteen. The data presented here is one minute and 60 minute data. Disclaimer The observational data provided herein is made available in accordance with the requirements of the EU Open Data Directive (Directive (EU) 2019/1024) on open data and the re-use of public sector information. Please note that the data is in its preliminary form and has not yet undergone our standard quality control processes. As such, the data may contain errors or anomalies that could affect its accuracy or reliability. This data is provided 'as is,' and Met Éireann accepts no responsibility for any decisions or actions taken based on the information provided. We are committed to ensuring the highest standards of data accuracy and integrity. Quality-controlled data will be made available in due course after the completion of our validation and verification procedures. Users are advised to consult the forthcoming quality-controlled datasets for any critical or decision-making purposes. For further information or updates regarding the availability of quality-controlled data, please contact enquiries@met.ie. .hidden { display: none }

This dataset provides historical values of global, direct and diffuse solar irradiation, as well as direct normal irradiation, on a latitude/longitude grid covering land surfaces and coastal areas of Europe, Africa, Oceania, Eastern South America, the Middle East and South-East Asia. It is created from 15 minute resolved timeseries at each grid point. These timeseries were calculated by the CAMS Solar Radiation Time Series Service and use information on aerosol, ozone and water vapour from the CAMS global forecasting system. Other properties, such as ground albedo and ground elevation, are also taken into account. Data is provided for both clear-sky and observed cloud conditions. For cloudy conditions high-resolution cloud information is directly inferred from satellite observations provided by the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) and Himawari 8 satellites. It is the Himawari satellite that provides the Asian coverage, which is only available from 2016 and v4.6 (rev2) onwards. The aim of the dataset is to fulfil the needs of European and national policy development and the requirements of both commercial and public downstream services, e.g. for planning, monitoring, efficiency improvements and the integration of solar energy systems into energy supply grids. Data is offered in monthly netCDF formatted files.

A partnership with the University of Nevada and U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to collect solar data to support future solar power generation in the United States. The measurement station monitors global horizontal, direct normal, and diffuse horizontal irradiance to define the amount of solar energy that hits this particular location. The solar measurement instrumentation is also accompanied by meteorological monitoring equipment to provide scientists with a complete picture of the solar power possibilities.

The State wise Solar Irradiance Dataset of India contains solar irradiance data for each state in India. The data are in kW-hr/m^2/day, and are aggregated by month. The annual mean is also calculated. The data were prepared using NASA POWER. The data are useful for a variety of applications, including solar energy research, solar energy project planning, and solar energy education.

GIS data for India's direct normal irradiance (DNI) and global horizontal irradiance. Provides 10-kilometer (km) solar resource maps and data for India. The 10-km hourly solar resource data were developed using weather satellite (METEOSAT) measurements incorporated into a site-time specific solar modeling approach developed at the U.S. State University of New York at Albany. The data is made publicly available in geographic information system (GIS) format (shape files etc). The new maps and data were released in June 2013. The new data expands the time period of analysis from 2002-2007 to 2002-2011 and incorporates enhanced aerosols information to improve direct normal irradiance (DNI). These products were developed by the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in cooperation with India's Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, through funding from the U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Department of State.

Mean annual solar radiation data layer used in the creation of Land Environments of New Zealand (LENZ) classification. The classification layers have been made publicly available by the Ministry for the Environment (see https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layers/?q=LENZ for to access these layers).

Development of surfaces for annual and monthly solar radiation required substantially more data preparation than for the other climate surfaces, reflecting the small number of stations at which solar radiation has traditionally been measured.

Monthly estimates of average daily solar radiation to 1980 were available for 22 meteorological stations, but measurements of sunshine hours were available for a total of 98 stations, including 18 of the stations for which solar radiation measurements were available. To extract as much information as possible from these data, a surface was fitted first that predicted for each month the ratio of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface to that reaching the top of the atmosphere, with the latter calculated from solar geometry equations. In fitting this surface, only the 18 data points where measurements were made of both solar radiation and sunshine hours were used.

In addition to NZMG coordinates, it used as an additional predictor the ratio of measured sunshine hours for each month to the maximum possible sunshine hours given no cloud. This surface was then used to estimate the monthly solar radiation received at each of the 80 sites for which measurements of sunshine hours alone were available. Using a total of 98 sites for which solar radiation data were either measured directly or estimated from sunshine hours, surfaces predicting annual and monthly solar radiation were then fitted. Data describing monthly humidity was used as a surrogate measure of cloudiness to improve the fit of the surface to the underlying data. This also increases the local accuracy of the surface predictions, as the number of meteorological stations used to fit the humidity surface is more than three times greater than the number of sites used to fit the solar radiation surface.

The units for this layer are in MJ/m2/day, higher values signifiy areas that have higher levels of solar radiation. This layer has been multiplied by a factor of 10 (i.e. converted into an integer grid) to save space and make the grids more responsive. A value of 123 is actually 12.3 MJ/m2/day.

Additional details such as the climate station locations used in the creation of the layer and error maps are defined in the attached LENZ Technical Guide.

The National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) is the most comprehensive collection of solar data freely available. It is a serially complete collection of meteorological and solar irradiance data sets for the United States and a growing list of international locations. The data are publicly available at no cost to the user. The NSRDB provides foundational information to support U.S. Department of Energy programs, research, and the general public. Comparable products are also available from commercial vendors.

🌞 Overview This comprehensive dataset contains 43,800 hourly observations of solar radiation and meteorological parameters collected from Rajasthan, India, spanning 5 years (2010-2014). Perfect for machine learning practitioners working on renewable energy forecasting, time series analysis, and climate modeling.

🎯 Use Cases Solar Energy Forecasting: Predict Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) for solar power plant optimization Time Series Analysis: Practice advanced temporal modeling with strong cyclical patterns Feature Engineering: Explore weather-solar radiation relationships Renewable Energy Research: Support India's 500 GW solar capacity goals Climate Modeling: Analyze long-term solar radiation trends 📊 Dataset Highlights 43,800 records of hourly measurements 14 features including solar irradiance components (DHI, DNI, GHI) and weather variables Complete data with no missing values 5-year temporal coverage capturing seasonal and annual variations High-quality measurements from professional meteorological equipment 🔢 Key Features Target Variable: GHI (Global Horizontal Irradiance) - Primary solar energy metric Solar Components: DHI (Diffuse), DNI (Direct Normal) irradiance Weather Parameters: Temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed/direction Temporal Features: Year, month, day, hour for time series modeling 🏆 Benchmark Results State-of-the-art models achieve:

99.87% accuracy (R²) using Gradient Boosting 4.51 W/m² MAE - Production-ready precision Excellent for beginners to advanced practitioners 🌍 Geographic Context Location: Rajasthan, India - One of the world's highest solar potential regions Climate: Arid to semi-arid with excellent solar resource availability Relevance: Critical for India's renewable energy transition

Developed by SOLARGIS and provided by the Global Solar Atlas (GSA), this data resource contains global horizontal irradiation (GHI) in kWh/m² covering the globe. Data is provided in a geographic spatial reference (EPSG:4326). The resolution (pixel size) of solar resource data (GHI, DIF, GTI, DNI) is 9 arcsec (nominally 250 m), PVOUT and TEMP 30 arcsec (nominally 1 km) and OPTA 2 arcmin (nominally 4 km). The data is hyperlinked under 'resources' with the following characteristics: GHI LTAy_AvgDailyTotals (GeoTIFF) Data format: GEOTIFF File size : 268.11 MB There are two temporal representation of solar resource and PVOUT data available: • Longterm yearly/monthly average of daily totals (LTAym_AvgDailyTotals) • Longterm average of yearly/monthly totals (LTAym_YearlyMonthlyTotals) Both type of data are equivalent, you can select the summarization of your preference. The relation between datasets is described by simple equations: • LTAy_YearlyTotals = LTAy_DailyTotals * 365.25 • LTAy_MonthlyTotals = LTAy_DailyTotals * Number_of_Days_In_The_Month For individual country or regional data downloads please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download (use the drop-down menu to select country or region of interest) For data provided in AAIGrid please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download/world. For more information and terms of use, please, read metadata, provided in PDF and XML format for each data layer in a download file. For other data formats, resolution or time aggregation, please, visit Solargis website. Data can be used for visualization, further processing, and geo-analysis in all mainstream GIS software with raster data processing capabilities (such as open source QGIS, commercial ESRI ArcGIS products and others).

A feature layer of the Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) values for the state of Michigan.Solar Irradiance data was collected from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Solar Resources data page (Solar Resource Maps and Data | Geospatial Data Science | NREL). The geospatial data was collated by the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) Physical Solar Model (PSM). The data was last updated in 2018.This data can also be found in the EIA data portal, Solar Resources | U.S. Energy Atlas. The data was last updated September 29, 2020.

Data repository for measurements from 5 automated solar stations in Vietnam. Data will be uploaded in batches, on a monthly basis, and will transmit daily reports on 1 minute average values for solar radiation levels, temperature, air pressure and wind speed. For more information and additional outputs, please visit: http://esmap.org/re_mapping_vietnam For download access to GIS layers, please visit the Global Solar Atlas: http://globalsolaratlas.info/ 5 stations: VNCEH (Central Highlands): Tier 1 HelioScale omega / VNDAN (Da Nang): Tier 2 HelioScale phi / VNHAN (Hanoi): Tier 1 HelioScale omega / VNSOB (Song Binh): Tier 2 HelioScale phi / VNTRA (Tri-An): Tier 1 HelioScale omega Please cite as: [Data/information/map obtained from the] “World Bank via ENERGYDATA.info, under a project funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). For more information: Vietnam-Solar Radiation Measurement Data, 2017,

SEE Level 3A data files contain each measurements averaged solar irradiance spectrum in 1 nm intervals extracted from the EGS Level 2A and XPS Level 2A data products. Shortward of 27 nm, a solar model is scaled to match the XPS broadband data. SEE Level 3A data files also contain 38 emission lines extracted from EGS Level 2A spectra, and the XPS Level 2A diode irradiances. For normal operations, SEE observes the Sun for about 3 minutes every orbit (97 minutes), which usually gives 14-15 measurements per day. The SEE Level 3A data are time averaged over each measurement, after applying corrections for atmospheric absorption, degradation, flare removal, and to 1-AU.

Data on daily global solar radiation (Please visit the reference link for other climate information). The multiple file formats are available for datasets download in API.

These datasets are long term averages of solar radiation at the surface over the Australian land mass. Applications of these data include solar energy, agriculture, building thermal design and water balance modelling. Climatologies are given for two radiation parameters: the global horizontal exposure, which is the total amount of solar energy falling on a horizontal surface over a time interval; and the direct normal exposure which is the total of the component of radiation from the sun’s disk on a plane perpendicular to the beam. Climatologies of daily exposure are given as an annual average and as a set of twelve monthly averages. Climatologies of the diurnal cycle are given as monthly averages of hourly exposures through the day. These data sets are derived from 23 years (1990 - 2012) of data from satellites operated by Japan Meteorological Agency and the US National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration. NEII Data and Resources

The National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) was produced by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The 1991-2010 NSRDB is an update of the 1991-2005 NSRDB released in 2006 and archived at NCDC. The serially complete hourly data provided in the NSRDB update are provided in two output formats: 1) ground-based solar and meteorological dataset, and 2) 10 km gridded output produced by the SUNY model. The 10 km gridded output is from the State University of New York/Albany (SUNY) satellite radiation model developed by Richard Perez and Clean Power Research. Data in the NSRDB are a slightly modified version of the SolarAnywhere dataset distributed by Clear Power Research. The modifications are detailed in the NSRDB User's Manual. The model uses hourly radiance images estimated from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imagery, daily snow cover data, and monthly averages of atmospheric water vapor, trace gases, and the amount of aerosols in the atmosphere to calculate the hourly total irradiance (sun and sky) falling on a horizontal surface. Atmospheric water vapor, trace gases, and aerosols are derived from a variety of sources. In simple terms, this satellite model uses the inverse relationship between reflected irradiance (that reflected by clouds and atmosphere back to space and the satellite sensor) and ground irradiance (that transmitted through the atmosphere to the Earth's surface). The high-resolution 10-km gridded data set from the SUNY model provides a consistency in modeled output data for its period of record for the years 1998 to 2009, the period for which necessary GOES imagery was available for the project. The SUNY model produces estimates of global and direct irradiance at hourly intervals on the 10-km grid for 49 states, excluding Alaska, where the geostationary satellites cannot resolve cloud cover with necessary detail. Although GOES images provide up to 1-km resolution, in the SUNY model, these data are down-sampled to 10-km resolution (0.1 degree x 0.1 degree). This resolution is adequate for most solar radiation resource applications and represents a practical trade-off between resolution and processing and data storage considerations. The model uses both GOES-East and GOES-West satellites for complete spatial coverage of the United States.

This data provides monthly average daily total solar resource averaged over surface cells of 0.038 degrees in both latitude and longitude, or nominally 4 km in size. The solar radiation values represent the resource available to solar energy systems. The data was created using cloud properties which are generated using the AVHRR Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x) algorithms. Fast all-sky radiation model for solar applications (FARMS) in conjunction with the cloud properties, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) and precipitable water vapor (PWV) from ancillary source are used to estimate direct normal irradiance (DNI) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI). The DNI and GHI are computed for clear skies using the REST2 model. For cloud scenes identified by the cloud mask, the FARMS is used to compute the GHI. The DNI for cloud scenes is then computed using the DISC model. The data are averaged from hourly model output over 19 years (1998-2016). The PATMOS-X model uses half-hourly radiance images in visible and infrared channels from the GOES series of geostationary weather satellites, daily snow cover data from the NSIDC and mixing ratio, temperature and pressure profiles from the Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis (MERRA-2) dataset. The REST2 model uses hourly aerosol optical depth from MERRA-2 to calculate GHI and DNI; water vapor and other inputs for REST 2 are obtained from the MERRA-2. This dataset was derived from the NSRDB and may be used with the following citation: Sengupta, M., Xie, Y., Lopez, A., Habte, A., Maclaurin, G., & Shelby, J. (2018). The national solar radiation data base (NSRDB). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 89, 51-60.