The National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) is a serially complete collection of meteorological and solar irradiance data sets for the United States and a growing list of international locations for 1998-2023. The NSRDB is updated annually and provides foundational information to support U.S. Department of Energy programs, research, industry and the general public. The NSRDB provides time-series data at 30-minute resolution of resource averaged over surface cells of 0.038 degrees in both latitude and longitude, or nominally 4 km in size. Additionally time series data at 5 minutes for the US and 10 minutes for North, Central and South America at 2 km resolution are produced from the next generation of GOES satellites and made available from 2019. The solar radiation values represent the resource available to solar energy systems. The data was created using cloud properties which are generated using the AVHRR Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x) algorithms developed by the University of Wisconsin. Fast all-sky radiation model for solar applications (FARMS) in conjunction with the cloud properties, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) and precipitable water vapor (PWV) from ancillary source are used to estimate solar irradiance (GHI, DNI, and DHI). The Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) is computed for clear skies using the REST2 model. For cloud scenes identified by the cloud mask, FARMS is used to compute GHI and FARMS DNI is used to compute the Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI). The PATMOS-X model uses radiance images in visible and infrared channels from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series of geostationary weather satellites. Ancillary variables needed to run REST2 and FARMS (e.g., aerosol optical depth, precipitable water vapor, and albedo) are derived from NASA's Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis (MERRA-2) dataset. Temperature and wind speed data are also derived from MERRA-2 and provided for use in NREL's System Advisor Model (SAM) to compute PV generation.

The UK hourly solar radiation data contain the amount of solar irradiance received during the hour ending at the specified time. All sites report 'global' radiation amounts. This is also known as 'total sky radiation' as it includes both direct solar irradiance and 'diffuse' irradiance as a result of light scattering. Some sites also provide separate diffuse and direct irradiation amounts, depending on the instrumentation at the site. For these the sun's path is tracked with two pyrometers - one where the path to the sun is blocked by a suitable disc to allow the scattered sunlight to be measured to give the diffuse measurement, while the other has a tube pointing at the sun to measure direct solar irradiance whilst blanking out scattered sun light.

For details about the different measurements made and the limited number of sites making them please see the MIDAS Solar Irradiance table linked to in the online resources section of this record.

This version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023.

The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, MODLERAD, ESAWRADT and DRADR35 messages. The data spans from 1947 to 2023.

This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record.

Data repository for measurements from 9 automated solar stations in Pakistan. Data will be uploaded in batches, on a monthly basis, and will transmit daily reports on 10 minute average values for solar radiation levels, temperature, air pressure and wind speed. From 2018 onward, the measurement stations are being operated by the Government of Pakistan, together with NREL and USAID. For more information and additional outputs, please visit: https://esmap.org/node/3058. For download access to GIS layers, please visit the Global Solar Atlas: http://globalsolaratlas.info/ Please cite as: [Data/information/map obtained from the] “World Bank via ENERGYDATA.info, under a project funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). For more information: Pakistan-Solar Radiation Measurement Data, 2017,

The National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) was produced by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The NSRDB update is a collection of hourly values of the three most common measurements of solar radiation (i.e., global horizontal, direct normal, and diffuse horizontal) over a period of time adequate to establish means and extremes and at a sufficient number or locations to represent regional solar radiation climates. Nearly all of the solar data in the NSRDB are modeled, and only 40 sites have measured solar data - none of them with a complete period of record. Because of the data-filling methods used to accomplish the goal of serial completeness, NSRDB meteorological data are not suitable for climatological work. The meteorological fields in the NSRDB should be used only as ancillary data for solar deployment and sizing applications. Filled/interpolated meteorological data should not be used for climatic applications. (All such data are flagged.) The serially complete hourly data provided in the NSRDB update are provided in two output formats: 1) ground-based solar and meteorological dataset, and 2) 10 km gridded output produced by the SUNY model. The 1991-2010 NSRDB is an update of the 1991-2005 NSRDB released in 2006 and archived at NCDC. The updated NSRDB dataset an hourly ground-based data set of solar and meteorological fields for 1454 stations. The primary provider for ground-based data is NCDC, which are stored as site-year files in comma-separated value (CSV) American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) format. Station identification numbers use the six-digit United States Air Force (USAF) station ID numbering scheme. The measured solar radiation data came from multiple sources, including: Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, Department of Energy Florida Solar Energy Center, State of Florida Integrated Surface Irradiance Study and Surface Radiation Budget Measurement Networks, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resources Laboratory and Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division Measurement and Instrumentation Data Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Oregon Solar Radiation Monitoring Laboratory Network University of Texas Solar Energy Laboratory. All meteorological data were provided by the National Climatic Data Center from its Integrated Surface Hourly Database (ISD) product. The NSRDB Statistics Files hold summary statistics for all Class I and Class II stations. The Daily Statistics provide monthly and annual averages of solar radiation and several meteorological parameters for both annual and a 20 year roll-up. The Hourly Statistics provide average diurnal profiles by hour for each station year for each solar parameter. The Persistence Statistics provide multiple levels of persistence for up to 30 days for each station for each solar parameter. These Summary Statistics files are documented in the NSRDB User's Manual.

SOLDAY contains daily solar radiation and collateral meteorological data. The major parameters making up this data file are sunrise/sunset (local standard time), extraterrestrial radiation, direct radiation, global radiation on a horizontal surface (1. observed data, 2. engineering corrected data, 3. model corrected data), supplemental radiation measurement, minutes and percent of possible sunshine, temperature (max, min, mean), precipitation, snowfall, snow depth, days with weather, and sky cover. Daily solar radiation - surface meteorological data (SOLDAY) is a common format designed to provide quality controlled daily solar insolation and collateral meteorological data available at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI).

This dataset provides historical values of global, direct and diffuse solar irradiation, as well as direct normal irradiation, on a latitude/longitude grid covering land surfaces and coastal areas of Europe, Africa, Oceania, Eastern South America, the Middle East and South-East Asia. It is created from 15 minute resolved timeseries at each grid point. These timeseries were calculated by the CAMS Solar Radiation Time Series Service and use information on aerosol, ozone and water vapour from the CAMS global forecasting system. Other properties, such as ground albedo and ground elevation, are also taken into account. Data is provided for both clear-sky and observed cloud conditions. For cloudy conditions high-resolution cloud information is directly inferred from satellite observations provided by the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) and Himawari 8 satellites. It is the Himawari satellite that provides the Asian coverage, which is only available from 2016 and v4.6 (rev2) onwards. The aim of the dataset is to fulfil the needs of European and national policy development and the requirements of both commercial and public downstream services, e.g. for planning, monitoring, efficiency improvements and the integration of solar energy systems into energy supply grids. Data is offered in monthly netCDF formatted files.

Developed by SOLARGIS and provided by the Global Solar Atlas (GSA), this data resource contains global horizontal irradiation (GHI) in kWh/m² covering the globe. Data is provided in a geographic spatial reference (EPSG:4326). The resolution (pixel size) of solar resource data (GHI, DIF, GTI, DNI) is 9 arcsec (nominally 250 m), PVOUT and TEMP 30 arcsec (nominally 1 km) and OPTA 2 arcmin (nominally 4 km). The data is hyperlinked under 'resources' with the following characteristics: GHI LTAy_AvgDailyTotals (GeoTIFF) Data format: GEOTIFF File size : 268.11 MB There are two temporal representation of solar resource and PVOUT data available: • Longterm yearly/monthly average of daily totals (LTAym_AvgDailyTotals) • Longterm average of yearly/monthly totals (LTAym_YearlyMonthlyTotals) Both type of data are equivalent, you can select the summarization of your preference. The relation between datasets is described by simple equations: • LTAy_YearlyTotals = LTAy_DailyTotals * 365.25 • LTAy_MonthlyTotals = LTAy_DailyTotals * Number_of_Days_In_The_Month For individual country or regional data downloads please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download (use the drop-down menu to select country or region of interest) For data provided in AAIGrid please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download/world. For more information and terms of use, please, read metadata, provided in PDF and XML format for each data layer in a download file. For other data formats, resolution or time aggregation, please, visit Solargis website. Data can be used for visualization, further processing, and geo-analysis in all mainstream GIS software with raster data processing capabilities (such as open source QGIS, commercial ESRI ArcGIS products and others).

Disclaimer The observational data provided herein is made available in accordance with the requirements of the EU Open Data Directive (Directive (EU) 2019/1024) on open data and the re-use of public sector information. Please note that the data is in its preliminary form and has not yet undergone our standard quality control processes. As such, the data may contain errors or anomalies that could affect its accuracy or reliability. This data is provided 'as is,' and Met Éireann accepts no responsibility for any decisions or actions taken based on the information provided. We are committed to ensuring the highest standards of data accuracy and integrity. Quality-controlled data will be made available in due course after the completion of our validation and verification procedures. Users are advised to consult the forthcoming quality-controlled datasets for any critical or decision-making purposes. For further information or updates regarding the availability of quality-controlled data, please contact enquiries@met.ie. .hidden { display: none }

Developed by SOLARGIS and provided by the Global Solar Atlas (GSA), this data resource contains solar resource data for: direct normal irradiation (DNI), global horizontal irradiation (GHI), diffuse horizontal irradiation data (DIF), and global irradiation for optimally tilted surfaces (GTI), all in kWh/m² covering the globe. Data is provided in a geographic spatial reference (EPSG:4326). The resolution (pixel size) of solar resource data (GHI, DIF, GTI, DNI) is 9 arcsec (nominally 250 m). Due to the large amount of data, the coverage has been divided into eight segments. Four segments for the North hemisphere: WWN (West-west-north), WN (West-north), EN (East-north), EEN (East-east-north). Analogically four segments for the South hemisphere: WWS, WS, ES, EES. The data is hyperlinked under 'resources' with the following characteristics: DNI LTAy_AvgDailyTotals (GeoTIFF) Data format: raster (gridded), GEOTIFF File size : 343.99 MB For individual country or regional data downloads please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download (use the drop-down menu to select country or region of interest) For data provided in AAIGrid please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download/world. For more information and terms of use, please, read metadata, provided in PDF and XML format for each data layer in a download file. For other data formats, resolution or time aggregation, please, visit Solargis website. Data can be used for visualization, further processing, and geo-analysis in all mainstream GIS software with raster data processing capabilities (such as open source QGIS, commercial ESRI ArcGIS products and others).

Data on daily global solar radiation (Please visit the reference link for other climate information). The multiple file formats are available for datasets download in API.

GIS data for India's direct normal irradiance (DNI) and global horizontal irradiance. Provides 10-kilometer (km) solar resource maps and data for India. The 10-km hourly solar resource data were developed using weather satellite (METEOSAT) measurements incorporated into a site-time specific solar modeling approach developed at the U.S. State University of New York at Albany. The data is made publicly available in geographic information system (GIS) format (shape files etc). The new maps and data were released in June 2013. The new data expands the time period of analysis from 2002-2007 to 2002-2011 and incorporates enhanced aerosols information to improve direct normal irradiance (DNI). These products were developed by the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in cooperation with India's Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, through funding from the U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Department of State.

Developed by SOLARGIS and provided by the Global Solar Atlas (GSA), this data resource contains direct normal irradiation (DNI) in kWh/m² covering the globe. Data is provided in a geographic spatial reference (EPSG:4326). The resolution (pixel size) of solar resource data (GHI, DIF, GTI, DNI) is 9 arcsec (nominally 250 m), PVOUT and TEMP 30 arcsec (nominally 1 km) and OPTA 2 arcmin (nominally 4 km). The data is hyperlinked under 'resources' with the following characteristics: DNI LTAy_AvgDailyTotals (GeoTIFF) Data format: GEOTIFF File size : 343.99 MB There are two temporal representation of solar resource and PVOUT data available: • Longterm yearly/monthly average of daily totals (LTAym_AvgDailyTotals) • Longterm average of yearly/monthly totals (LTAym_YearlyMonthlyTotals) Both type of data are equivalent, you can select the summarization of your preference. The relation between datasets is described by simple equations: • LTAy_YearlyTotals = LTAy_DailyTotals * 365.25 • LTAy_MonthlyTotals = LTAy_DailyTotals * Number_of_Days_In_The_Month For individual country or regional data downloads please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download (use the drop-down menu to select country or region of interest) For data provided in AAIGrid please see: https://globalsolaratlas.info/download/world. For more information and terms of use, please, read metadata, provided in PDF and XML format for each data layer in a download file. For other data formats, resolution or time aggregation, please, visit Solargis website. Data can be used for visualization, further processing, and geo-analysis in all mainstream GIS software with raster data processing capabilities (such as open source QGIS, commercial ESRI ArcGIS products and others).

The National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) is the most comprehensive collection of solar data freely available. It is a serially complete collection of meteorological and solar irradiance data sets for the United States and a growing list of international locations. The data are publicly available at no cost to the user. The NSRDB provides foundational information to support U.S. Department of Energy programs, research, and the general public. Comparable products are also available from commercial vendors.

In this dataset the anther's analysis is based on data from NREL about Solar & Wind energy generation by operation areas.

NASA Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources

Solar

Monthly averages for global horizontal radiation over 22-year period (Jul 1983

• Jun 2013)

Wind

Monthly average wind speed at 50m above the surface of earth over a 30-year period (Jan 1984 - Dec 2013)Year: Averaged Over 10 to 15 years

COA = central operating area.

EOA = eastern operating area.

SOA = southern operating area.

WOA = western operating area. Source: NRELSource Link

Map with solar irradiation and PV power potential in Iran. The GIS data (AAIGRID and GEOTIFF) stems from the Global Solar Atlas (http://globalsolaratlas.info). The link also provides a poster size (.tif) and midsize map (.png). The Global Solar Atlas is continuously updated.

Provided GIS data layers include long-term yearly average of: (1) PVOUT – Photovoltaic power potential [kWh/kWp] (2) GHI – Global horizontal irradiation [kWh/m2] (3) DIF – Diffuse horizontal irradiation [kWh/m2] (4) GTI – Global irradiation for optimally tilted surface [kWh/m2] (5) OPTA – Optimum tilt to maximize yearly yield [°] (6) DNI – Direct normal irradiation [kWh/m2].

This data (csv file) provides simulated hourly time series of solar PV generation for the regions shown in the attached map. The best 50 % of locations (in terms of mean irradiance) within each region are simulated, with south-facing installations and tilt angles approximately representing existing installations. A generic PV module and inverter are assumed. The meteorological data are from ERA5-Land and pvlib is used for the transformation to power generation (see references below). The map shows the resulting capacity factors (annual mean). The time stamps are in GMT; the variable (column) names relate to the region names shown in the maps. The data include also country-level aggregations, e.g., UK00 is the aggregated solar PV generation of all the UK regions (weighted by regional installed capacities). The data are part of the variable renewable energy generation time series created for ENTSO-E in the 2021 update of the Pan-European Climate Database (PECD) dataset. ENTSO-E has used the data in ERAA 2021 and Winter Outlook 2021-2022 assessments, and they are used in TYNDP 2022. The simulations are carried out by DTU Wind Energy, with the future technology selection and data validation discussed and agreed with ENTSO-E and its members. This item is part of a larger collection of wind and solar data: https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.c.5939581

The radiation data are derived from the National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) hourly data in synoptic format, and provided by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). They contain hourly global horizontal solar irradiance, direct normal solar irradiance, and diffuse horizontal solar irradiance for 17 Solar and Meteorological Surface Observation Network (SAMSON) stations in Alaska from January 1, 1961 through December 31, 1990. The data are distributed with permission from NCDC.

Solar Resource Areas created were produced using a k-means method that groups solar generating plants into discrete regions based on their latitude, longitude, and distance to the coast. After facilities were grouped, the outermost facilities in each region were connected to create the boundaries for each region. To include all facilities inside each polygon, a 5 km buffer was used. Plants that are farther from a concentration of other plants are not included in a region and are instead displayed as outlying facilities. Areas outside California included in the the regions are a result of the mapping process and are not representing actual solar generating facilities. Based on the Quarterly Fuel and Energy Report dataset, this map focuses on data from plants of at least 1 MW capacity (commercial scale) and excludes smaller plants.

Context

This dataset contains solar radiation data for a region of the state of MA defined as 4 km by 4 km grids from 42.617387, -73.183228 to 42.040726, -70.700318

Content

Contains 365 days * 24 hours rows of data with column headers Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, GHI (global horizontal irradiation) ,DNI (direct normal irradiation), Temperature, Solar Zenith Angle

Acknowledgements

I owe special thanks to Kevin Sun, Dr. Z, reverse geo-coding Google Maps API and NSRDB API for PSM data.

Inspiration

We want to potentially discover patterns in solar radiation data for MA.

Context

This dataset contains solar radiation data for a region of the state of MA defined as 4 km by 4 km grids from 42.617387, -73.183228 to 42.040726, -70.700318 in the year 2000

Content

Contains 365 days * 24 hours rows of data with column headers Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, GHI (global horizontal irradiation) ,DNI (direct normal irradiation), Temperature, Solar Zenith Angle

Acknowledgements

I owe special thanks to Kevin Sun, Dr. Z, reverse geo-coding Google Maps API and NSRDB API for PSM data.

Inspiration

We want to potentially discover patterns in solar radiation data for MA.