The paper discussed sources of data. Data is a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables. Data is facts or figures from which conclusions can be drawn. Before one can present and interpret information, there has to be a process of gathering and sorting data. Just as trees are the raw material from which paper is produced, so too, can data be viewed as the raw material from which information is obtained. It is evident from the above discussion that primary data is an original and unique data, which is directly collected by the researcher from a source such as observations, surveys, questionnaires, case studies and interviews according to his requirements

This table contains some of the science results from the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) Serendipitous Survey. The catalog incorporates data taken during the first 40 months of NuSTAR operation, which provide ~20 Ms of effective exposure time over 331 fields, with an areal coverage of 13 deg². The primary catalog (available as the HEASARC NUSTARSSC table) contains 498 sources (the abstract of the reference paper states that there are 497 sources) detected in total over the 3-24 keV energy range. There are 276 sources with spectroscopic redshifts and classifications, largely resulting from the authors' extensive campaign of ground-based spectroscopic follow-up. The authors characterize the overall sample in terms of the X-ray, optical, and infrared source properties. The sample is primarily composed of active galactic nuclei (AGN), detected over a large range in redshift from z = 0.002 to 3.4 (median redshift z of 0.56), but also includes 16 spectroscopically confirmed Galactic sources. There is a large range in X-ray flux, from log (f_3-24_keV) ~ -14 to -11 (in units of erg s^-1 cm^-2), and in rest-frame 10-40 keV luminosity, from log (L_10-40keV) ~ 39 to 46 (in units of erg s^-1), with a median of 44.1. Approximately 79% of the NuSTAR sources have lower-energy (<10 keV) X-ray counterparts from XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Swift XRT observations. The mid-infrared (MIR) analysis, using WISE all-sky survey data, shows that MIR AGN color selections miss a large fraction of the NuSTAR-selected AGN population, from ~15% at the highest luminosities (L_X > 10⁴⁴ erg s^-1) to ~80% at the lowest luminosities (L_X < 10⁴³ erg s^-1). The authors' optical spectroscopic analysis finds that the observed fraction of optically obscured AGN (i.e., the type 2 fraction) is F_Type2 = 53 (+14, -15) per cent, for a well-defined subset of the 8-24 keV selected sample. This is higher, albeit at a low significance level, than the type 2 fraction measured for redshift- and luminosity-matched AGNs selected by < 10 keV X-ray missions. This table contains the Secondary NuSTAR Serendipitous Source Catalog of 64 sources found using wavdetect to search for significant emission peaks in the FPMA and FPMB data separately (see Section 2.1.1 of Alexander et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 125) and in the combined A+B data. These sources are listed in Table 7 of the reference paper. This method was developed alongside the primary one (Section 2.3 of the reference paper) in order to investigate the optimum source detection methodologies for NuSTAR and to identify sources in regions of the NuSTAR coverage that are automatically excluded in the primary source detection. The authors emphasize that these secondary sources are not used in any of the science analyses presented in their paper. Nevertheless, these secondary sources are robust NuSTAR detections, some of which will be incorporated in future NuSTAR studies, and for many of them (35 out of the 43 sources with spectroscopic identifications) the authors have obtained new spectroscopic redshifts and classifications through their follow-up program. The X-ray photometric parameters for 4 sources are left blank as in these cases the A+B data prohibit reliable photometric constraints. Additional information on these Secondary Catalog sources that the authors obtained using optical spectroscopy is available in Table 8 of the reference paper (q.v.). This table does NOT contain the the 498 sources in the Primary NuSTAR Serendipitous Source Catalog that were found using the source detection procedure described in Section 2.3 of the reference paper, and that are listed in Table 5 (op. cit.). This table was created by the HEASARC in July 2017 based on the machine-readable version of Table 7 from the reference paper, the Secondary NuSTAR Serendipitous Source Catalog, that was obtained from the ApJ web site. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .

The extended data contains the list of some of the secondary sources used for the research. The list incudes existing research articles, books and blogs.

The present study investigates primary and secondary sources of organic carbon for Bakersfield, CA, USA as part of the 2010 CalNex study. The method used here involves integrated sampling that is designed to allow for detailed and specific chemical analysis of particulate matter (PM) in the Bakersfield airshed. To achieve this objective, filter samples were taken during thirty-four 23-hr periods between 19 May and 26 June 2010 and analyzed for organic tracers by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Contributions to organic carbon (OC) were determined by two organic tracer-based techniques: primary OC by chemical mass balance and secondary OC by a mass fraction method. Radiocarbon (14C) measurements of the total organic carbon were also made to determine the split between the modern and fossil carbon and thereby constrain unknown sources of OC not accounted for by either tracer-based attribution technique. From the analysis, OC contributions from four primary sources and four secondary sources were determined, which comprised three sources of modern carbon and five sources of fossil carbon. The major primary sources of OC were from vegetative detritus (9.8%), diesel (2.3%), gasoline (<1.0%), and lubricating oil impacted motor vehicle exhaust (30%); measured secondary sources resulted from isoprene (1.5%), α-pinene (<1.0%), toluene (<1.0%), and naphthalene (<1.0%, as an upper limit) contributions. The average observed organic carbon (OC) was 6.42 ± 2.33 μgC m-3. The 14C derived apportionment indicated that modern and fossil components were nearly equivalent on average; however, the fossil contribution ranged from 32-66% over the five week campaign. With the fossil primary and secondary sources aggregated, only 25% of the fossil organic carbon could not be attributed. Whereas, nearly 80% of the modern carbon could not be attributed to primary and secondary sources accessible to this analysis, which included tracers of biomass burning, vegetative detritus and secondary biogenic carbon. The results of the current study contributes source-based evaluation of the carbonaceous aerosol at CalNex Bakersfield. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Sheesley, R., P. Dev Nallathamby, J. Surratt, A. Lee, M. Lewandowski, J. Offenberg, M. Jaoui, and T. Kleindienst. Constraints on primary and secondary particulate carbon sources using chemical tracer and 14C methods during CalNex-Bakersfield. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 166: 204-214, (2017).

Secondary education, duration (years) in Dominica was reported at 5 years in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Dominica - Secondary education, duration (years) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Students can explore some of the Library of Virginia’s collections and learn how they are conserved! The Library of Virginia is the oldest cultural institution in the state and the official archive (a place where history is kept) and library of the Commonwealth. In the book To Collect, Protect, and Serve: Behind the Scenes at the Library of Virginia, Archie the Archivist, Libby the Librarian, and Connie the Conservator guide young readers through a visit to the Library of Virginia. Check out these To Collect, Protect, and Serve worksheet activities.

Nearly ********** of freelancers in Russia stated in a survey conducted in ************* that freelance was their main source of income. For the rest of the respondents, freelance was an additional source of income to their main job.

The dataset consists of 4 comma-separated value (csv) text files and 3 netCDF data files. Each csv file contains the observed and CMAQ modeled gas and aerosol concentrations collected during the SENEX field campaign. The netCDF files contain ground layer modeled single source contributions. The headers of each file contain the variable names for each column. An additional data dictionary with variable descriptions and units for the csv files is included with the data along with a file detailing the mapping of files to figures in the manuscript. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Baker, K., and M. Woody. Assessing Model Characterization of Single Source Secondary Pollutant Impacts Using 2013 SENEX Field Study Measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 51(7): 3833-3842, (2017).

🇸🇰 슬로바키아

Analysis of ‘Secondary Studies’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/d6ce6681-6ac1-46a4-89f3-ab168bfc2863 on 26 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Records references to secondary studies and companion publications included with primary studies in the PTSD-Repository.

These secondary, referenced studies may or may not have contributed data to the abstraction of the listed primary study. The relationship of the secondary study to the primary study is described in some cases in the Secondary Study Relationship column.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

This is a conference presentation that later evolved into the manuscripts:Anthony, K. & Morgan, M. K. (2015). Ulysses S. Grant Manumits William Jones: An Example of America’s Entanglement with Slavery. Middle Level Learning, 54, pp. 2-5.

Morgan, M.K. & Anthony, K. (2015). Ulysses S. Grant Manumits William Jones: America’s Entanglement with Slavery, A Lesson for Grades 6-8. Middle Level Learning, 54, pp. 6-16.

Brazil Energy: Consumption: NE: Source: Other: Secondary: Tar data was reported at 149.563 TOE th in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 157.576 TOE th for 2021. Brazil Energy: Consumption: NE: Source: Other: Secondary: Tar data is updated yearly, averaging 133.886 TOE th from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2022, with 53 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 226.484 TOE th in 1986 and a record low of 41.878 TOE th in 1970. Brazil Energy: Consumption: NE: Source: Other: Secondary: Tar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Mining and Energy. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.RBC001: Energy Consumption: by Product.

The Ministry of Educations' - Basic Education Statistical Booklet captures national statistics for the Education Sector in totality in the year 2014. This dataset details the number of Teacher by Status and Employment body per County for Public and Private Secondary Schools across the 47 counties. Source - The Ministry of Educations, 2014 Basic Education Statistical Booklet, Table 78: Teacher by Status and County for Secondary.

Japan MB: Stock: Securities Lending as Secondary Source of JGS data was reported at -15.100 JPY bn in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of -292.600 JPY bn for Sep 2018. Japan MB: Stock: Securities Lending as Secondary Source of JGS data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 JPY bn from May 2004 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 174 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 JPY bn in Feb 2016 and a record low of -2,423.700 JPY bn in Mar 2017. Japan MB: Stock: Securities Lending as Secondary Source of JGS data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Japan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.KA001: Monetary Base: Average.

This table contains some of the science results from the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) Serendipitous Survey. The catalog incorporates data taken during the first 40 months of NuSTAR operation, which provide ~20 Ms of effective exposure time over 331 fields, with an areal coverage of 13 deg². The primary catalog (available as the HEASARC NUSTARSSC table) contains 498 sources (the abstract of the reference paper states that there are 497 sources) detected in total over the 3-24 keV energy range. There are 276 sources with spectroscopic redshifts and classifications, largely resulting from the authors' extensive campaign of ground-based spectroscopic follow-up. The authors characterize the overall sample in terms of the X-ray, optical, and infrared source properties. The sample is primarily composed of active galactic nuclei (AGN), detected over a large range in redshift from z = 0.002 to 3.4 (median redshift z of 0.56), but also includes 16 spectroscopically confirmed Galactic sources. There is a large range in X-ray flux, from log (f_3-24_keV) ~ -14 to -11 (in units of erg s^-1 cm^-2), and in rest-frame 10-40 keV luminosity, from log (L_10-40keV) ~ 39 to 46 (in units of erg s^-1), with a median of 44.1. Approximately 79% of the NuSTAR sources have lower-energy (<10 keV) X-ray counterparts from XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Swift XRT observations. The mid-infrared (MIR) analysis, using WISE all-sky survey data, shows that MIR AGN color selections miss a large fraction of the NuSTAR-selected AGN population, from ~15% at the highest luminosities (L_X > 10⁴⁴ erg s^-1) to ~80% at the lowest luminosities (L_X < 10⁴³ erg s^-1). The authors' optical spectroscopic analysis finds that the observed fraction of optically obscured AGN (i.e., the type 2 fraction) is F_Type2 = 53 (+14, -15) per cent, for a well-defined subset of the 8-24 keV selected sample. This is higher, albeit at a low significance level, than the type 2 fraction measured for redshift- and luminosity-matched AGNs selected by < 10 keV X-ray missions. This table contains the Secondary NuSTAR Serendipitous Source Catalog of 64 sources found using wavdetect to search for significant emission peaks in the FPMA and FPMB data separately (see Section 2.1.1 of Alexander et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 125) and in the combined A+B data. These sources are listed in Table 7 of the reference paper. This method was developed alongside the primary one (Section 2.3 of the reference paper) in order to investigate the optimum source detection methodologies for NuSTAR and to identify sources in regions of the NuSTAR coverage that are automatically excluded in the primary source detection. The authors emphasize that these secondary sources are not used in any of the science analyses presented in their paper. Nevertheless, these secondary sources are robust NuSTAR detections, some of which will be incorporated in future NuSTAR studies, and for many of them (35 out of the 43 sources with spectroscopic identifications) the authors have obtained new spectroscopic redshifts and classifications through their follow-up program. The X-ray photometric parameters for 4 sources are left blank as in these cases the A+B data prohibit reliable photometric constraints. Additional information on these Secondary Catalog sources that the authors obtained using optical spectroscopy is available in Table 8 of the reference paper (q.v.). This table does NOT contain the the 498 sources in the Primary NuSTAR Serendipitous Source Catalog that were found using the source detection procedure described in Section 2.3 of the reference paper, and that are listed in Table 5 (op. cit.). This table was created by the HEASARC in July 2017 based on the machine-readable version of Table 7 from the reference paper, the Secondary NuSTAR Serendipitous Source Catalog, that was obtained from the ApJ web site. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .

Flowchart of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)

Global Secondary Education Expenditure from Private Sources by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Individual models with a better performance than the baseline model are given a decreasing score starting from 15 for the best model; models that perform worse are given the score 0.

A January 2024 survey in the United States revealed that almost ** percent of NHL fans had used a secondary source to buy or sell tickets to a sporting event. Additionally, **** percent of fans would consider using a secondary source.

Students learn about archives and primary sources as they research original historical documents. While preparing an imaginative first-person account as if witnessing an historical event, they learn to appreciate the value of the first-person, eye-witness account and understand its limitations. Note: The literacy activities for the Mechanics unit are based on physical themes that have broad application to our experience in the world concepts of rhythm, balance, spin, gravity, levity, inertia, momentum, friction, stress and tension.