The High Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM) product is derived from airborne LiDAR data (mainly in the south) and satellite images in the north. The complete coverage of the Canadian territory is gradually being established. It includes a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), a Digital Surface Model (DSM) and other derived data. For DTM datasets, derived data available are slope, aspect, shaded relief, color relief and color shaded relief maps and for DSM datasets, derived data available are shaded relief, color relief and color shaded relief maps. The productive forest line is used to separate the northern and the southern parts of the country. This line is approximate and may change based on requirements. In the southern part of the country (south of the productive forest line), DTM and DSM datasets are generated from airborne LiDAR data. They are offered at a 1 m or 2 m resolution and projected to the UTM NAD83 (CSRS) coordinate system and the corresponding zones. The datasets at a 1 m resolution cover an area of 10 km x 10 km while datasets at a 2 m resolution cover an area of 20 km by 20 km. In the northern part of the country (north of the productive forest line), due to the low density of vegetation and infrastructure, only DSM datasets are generally generated. Most of these datasets have optical digital images as their source data. They are generated at a 2 m resolution using the Polar Stereographic North coordinate system referenced to WGS84 horizontal datum or UTM NAD83 (CSRS) coordinate system. Each dataset covers an area of 50 km by 50 km. For some locations in the north, DSM and DTM datasets can also be generated from airborne LiDAR data. In this case, these products will be generated with the same specifications as those generated from airborne LiDAR in the southern part of the country. The HRDEM product is referenced to the Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 (CGVD2013), which is now the reference standard for heights across Canada. Source data for HRDEM datasets is acquired through multiple projects with different partners. Since data is being acquired by project, there is no integration or edgematching done between projects. The tiles are aligned within each project. The product High Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM) is part of the CanElevation Series created in support to the National Elevation Data Strategy implemented by NRCan. Collaboration is a key factor to the success of the National Elevation Data Strategy. Refer to the “Supporting Document” section to access the list of the different partners including links to their respective data.

This dataset includes vegetation cover maps, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps, snow depth and thaw depth data that were obtained as part of a biocomplexity project on the North Slope of Alaska, USA, and the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. In Alaska, seven sites are located along the Dalton Highway and in the Prudhoe Bay Oilfield area, forming a transect across the climate gradient of the North Slope. From South to North, the sites are Happy Valley, Sagwon (an acidic and nonacidic site), Franklin Bluffs, Deadhorse, West Dock and Howe Island. Four sites are in the NWT, forming a latitudinal gradient from South to North; the sites include Inuvik, Green Cabin, Mould Bay, and Isachsen.

An outline map of the northern circumpolar region using the Azimuthal Equidistant Projection centred at 90° North and 95° West, extending South to 50° North with names for countries and other major features.

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the territorial divisions of Canada. The map displays 1,922.735 sq. miles of unsettled North West Territories, covering what is now Northern Ontario. In addition to this is the northern half of Quebec, which includes the southern part of Labrador. Manitoba is considerably smaller with its width mainly in the south, but only going a third as far north to the middle of Lake Winnipeg. Using a variety of colours the map emphasizes large proportion of the Dominion in the North West Territories, and well as the other territorial divisions. The boundaries of the Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, is represented as they are found in the present day. Newfoundland is not yet a part of Canada, thus omitted as one of the Canadian provinces.

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the distribution of the Canadian population, circa 1951. Population sizes are indicated on the map by representative units of 50 or 1000. In southern Canada, the population of the 15 metropolitan areas and urban centres of 25 000 inhabitants and over is shown by a disc, the area of which is proportional to its population. The scale ranges from metropolitan Montreal (1 395 400 inhabitants) to Glace Bay (25 586 inhabitants). There are still very small populations in northern Canada, but there are clusters within Capital cities, and a even larger concentration south, near the U.S. border, in particular along ocean or inland coastlines. The congregation near or on the coastline of water indicate the influence of industry, natural resources and trade. Two graphs accompany this map. The first graph shows the numerical distribution of population for 1951 by Canada, the provinces and the territories. The second graph shows the percentage distribution of population for 1951 by province and territory.

This dataset is part of Environment and Climate Change Canada’s Shoreline Classification and Pre-Spill database and it covers various locations across the Canadian Arctic i.e. James Bay, Resolute Bay and the south coast of Devon Island, the south-west coast of Hudson Bay, Labrador Coast, Victoria Strait, Beaufort Sea, and the North-east coast of Baffin Island. Shoreline classification data has been developed for use by the Environmental Emergencies Program of Environment and Climate Change Canada for environmental protection purposes. Marine and freshwater shorelines are classified according to the character of the upper intertidal (foreshore) or upper swash zone. This is the area where oil from a spill usually becomes stranded and where the treatment or cleanup activities take place. The basic parameter that defines the shoreline type is the material that is present in the intertidal zone. The presence or absence of sediments is a key factor in determining whether oil is stranded on the surface of a substrate or can penetrate and/or be buried. This dataset contains thousands of linear shoreline segments ranging in length from 200 m and 2 km long. The entities represent the location of the segments and their geomorphological description. There exist further fields in the attribute table for this dataset. We are currently working on standardizing our shoreline segmentation datasets and the updated data will soon be uploaded to the catalog. Sergy, G. (2008). The Shoreline Classification Scheme for SCAT and Oil Spill Response in Canada. Proceedings of the 31stArctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar.Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON, Pp. 811-819.

Regional unemployment rates used by the Employment Insurance program, by effective date, current month.

On the continental scale, climate is an important determinant of the distributions of plant taxa and ecoregions. To quantify and depict the relations between specific climate variables and these distributions, we placed modern climate and plant taxa distribution data on an approximately 25-kilometer (km) equal-area grid with 27,984 points that cover Canada and the continental United States (Thompson and others, 2015). The gridded climatic data include annual and monthly temperature and precipitation, as well as bioclimatic variables (growing degree days, mean temperatures of the coldest and warmest months, and a moisture index) based on 1961-1990 30-year mean values from the University of East Anglia (UK) Climatic Research Unit (CRU) CL 2.0 dataset (New and others, 2002), and absolute minimum and maximum temperatures for 1951-1980 interpolated from climate-station data (WeatherDisc Associates, 1989). As described below, these data were used to produce portions of the "Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America" (hereafter referred to as "the Atlas"; Thompson and others, 1999a, 1999b, 2000, 2006, 2007, 2012a, 2015). Evolution of the Atlas Over the 16 Years Between Volumes A & B and G: The Atlas evolved through time as technology improved and our knowledge expanded. The climate data employed in the first five Atlas volumes were replaced by more standard and better documented data in the last two volumes (Volumes F and G; Thompson and others, 2012a, 2015). Similarly, the plant distribution data used in Volumes A through D (Thompson and others, 1999a, 1999b, 2000, 2006) were improved for the latter volumes. However, the digitized ecoregion boundaries used in Volume E (Thompson and others, 2007) remain unchanged. Also, as we and others used the data in Atlas Volumes A through E, we came to realize that the plant distribution and climate data for areas south of the US-Mexico border were not of sufficient quality or resolution for our needs and these data are not included in this data release. The data in this data release are provided in comma-separated values (.csv) files. We also provide netCDF (.nc) files containing the climate and bioclimatic data, grouped taxa and species presence-absence data, and ecoregion assignment data for each grid point (but not the country, state, province, and county assignment data for each grid point, which are available in the .csv files). The netCDF files contain updated Albers conical equal-area projection details and more precise grid-point locations. When the original approximately 25-km equal-area grid was created (ca. 1990), it was designed to be registered with existing data sets, and only 3 decimal places were recorded for the grid-point latitude and longitude values (these original 3-decimal place latitude and longitude values are in the .csv files). In addition, the Albers conical equal-area projection used for the grid was modified to match projection irregularities of the U.S. Forest Service atlases (e.g., Little, 1971, 1976, 1977) from which plant taxa distribution data were digitized. For the netCDF files, we have updated the Albers conical equal-area projection parameters and recalculated the grid-point latitudes and longitudes to 6 decimal places. The additional precision in the location data produces maximum differences between the 6-decimal place and the original 3-decimal place values of up to 0.00266 degrees longitude (approximately 143.8 m along the projection x-axis of the grid) and up to 0.00123 degrees latitude (approximately 84.2 m along the projection y-axis of the grid). The maximum straight-line distance between a three-decimal-point and six-decimal-point grid-point location is 144.2 m. Note that we have not regridded the elevation, climate, grouped taxa and species presence-absence data, or ecoregion data to the locations defined by the new 6-decimal place latitude and longitude data. For example, the climate data described in the Atlas publications were interpolated to the grid-point locations defined by the original 3-decimal place latitude and longitude values. Interpolating the data to the 6-decimal place latitude and longitude values would in many cases not result in changes to the reported values and for other grid points the changes would be small and insignificant. Similarly, if the digitized Little (1971, 1976, 1977) taxa distribution maps were regridded using the 6-decimal place latitude and longitude values, the changes to the gridded distributions would be minor, with a small number of grid points along the edge of a taxa's digitized distribution potentially changing value from taxa "present" to taxa "absent" (or vice versa). These changes should be considered within the spatial margin of error for the taxa distributions, which are based on hand-drawn maps with the distributions evidently generalized, or represented by a small, filled circle, and these distributions were subsequently hand digitized. Users wanting to use data that exactly match the data in the Atlas volumes should use the 3-decimal place latitude and longitude data provided in the .csv files in this data release to represent the center point of each grid cell. Users for whom an offset of up to 144.2 m from the original grid-point location is acceptable (e.g., users investigating continental-scale questions) or who want to easily visualize the data may want to use the data associated with the 6-decimal place latitude and longitude values in the netCDF files. The variable names in the netCDF files generally match those in the data release .csv files, except where the .csv file variable name contains a forward slash, colon, period, or comma (i.e., "/", ":", ".", or ","). In the netCDF file variable short names, the forward slashes are replaced with an underscore symbol (i.e., "_") and the colons, periods, and commas are deleted. In the netCDF file variable long names, the punctuation in the name matches that in the .csv file variable names. The "country", "state, province, or territory", and "county" data in the .csv files are not included in the netCDF files. Data included in this release: - Geographic scope. The gridded data cover an area that we labelled as "CANUSA", which includes Canada and the USA (excluding Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and other oceanic islands). Note that the maps displayed in the Atlas volumes are cropped at their northern edge and do not display the full northern extent of the data included in this data release. - Elevation. The elevation data were regridded from the ETOPO5 data set (National Geophysical Data Center, 1993). There were 35 coastal grid points in our CANUSA study area grid for which the regridded elevations were below sea level and these grid points were assigned missing elevation values (i.e., elevation = 9999). The grid points with missing elevation values occur in five coastal areas: (1) near San Diego (California, USA; 1 grid point), (2) Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the Olympic Peninsula (Washington, USA; 2 grid points), (3) the Haida Gwaii (formerly Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada) and southeast Alaska (USA, 9 grid points), (4) the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (22 grid points), and (5) Newfoundland (Canada; 1 grid point). - Climate. The gridded climatic data provided here are based on the 1961-1990 30-year mean values from the University of East Anglia (UK) Climatic Research Unit (CRU) CL 2.0 dataset (New and others, 2002), and include annual and monthly temperature and precipitation. The CRU CL 2.0 data were interpolated onto the approximately 25-km grid using geographically-weighted regression, incorporating local lapse-rate estimation and correction. Additional bioclimatic variables (growing degree days on a 5 degrees Celsius base, mean temperatures of the coldest and warmest months, and a moisture index calculated as actual evapotranspiration divided by potential evapotranspiration) were calculated using the interpolated CRU CL 2.0 data. Also included are absolute minimum and maximum temperatures for 1951-1980 interpolated in a similar fashion from climate-station data (WeatherDisc Associates, 1989). These climate and bioclimate data were used in Atlas volumes F and G (see Thompson and others, 2015, for a description of the methods used to create the gridded climate data). Note that for grid points with missing elevation values (i.e., elevation values equal to 9999), climate data were created using an elevation value of -120 meters. Users may want to exclude these climate data from their analyses (see the Usage Notes section in the data release readme file). - Plant distributions. The gridded plant distribution data align with Atlas volume G (Thompson and others, 2015). Plant distribution data on the grid include 690 species, as well as 67 groups of related species and genera, and are based on U.S. Forest Service atlases (e.g., Little, 1971, 1976, 1977), regional atlases (e.g., Benson and Darrow, 1981), and new maps based on information available from herbaria and other online and published sources (for a list of sources, see Tables 3 and 4 in Thompson and others, 2015). See the "Notes" column in Table 1 (https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-g/table1.html) and Table 2 (https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-g/table2.html) in Thompson and others (2015) for important details regarding the species and grouped taxa distributions. - Ecoregions. The ecoregion gridded data are the same as in Atlas volumes D and E (Thompson and others, 2006, 2007), and include three different systems, Bailey's ecoregions (Bailey, 1997, 1998), WWF's ecoregions (Ricketts and others, 1999), and Kuchler's potential natural vegetation regions (Kuchler, 1985), that are each based on distinctive approaches to categorizing ecoregions. For the Bailey and WWF ecoregions for North America and the Kuchler potential natural vegetation regions for the contiguous United States (i.e.,

Dataset Card for "meta-shepherd-human-data"

Original Dataset: https://github.com/facebookresearch/Shepherd

  Example

Question: Where on the planet would you expect a bald eagle to live?

Here are the options: Option 1: colorado Option 2: outside Option 3: protection Option 4: zoo exhibit Option 5: world

Please choose the correct option and justify your choice:

Answer: Bald eagles are found throughout most of North America, from Alaska and Canada south to… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/philschmid/meta-shepherd-human-data.

An outline map of the northern circumpolar region using the Azimuthal Equidistant Projection centred at 90° North and 95° West, extending South to 50° North.

United States Mosaic - This RADARSAT-1 mosaic of the United States comprises 190 images acquired between March 1998 and October 1999. Include one full map and maps by regions (East Central, North East, North West, South Central, South East and South West). The mosaic was produced by MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. in collaboration with the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing. RADARSAT data © CSA. Note that some more massive images can be complicated to download. It is then advisable to use a viewing tool created specifically for satellite images. Several tools are available in open format.

The High Resolution Digital Elevation Model Mosaic provides a unique and continuous representation of the high resolution elevation data available across the country. The High Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM) product used is derived from airborne LiDAR data (mainly in the south) and satellite images in the north. The mosaic is available for both the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and the Digital Surface Model (DSM) from web mapping services. It is part of the CanElevation Series created to support the National Elevation Data Strategy implemented by NRCan. This strategy aims to increase Canada's coverage of high-resolution elevation data and increase the accessibility of the products. Unlike the HRDEM product in the same series, which is distributed by acquisition project without integration between projects, the mosaic is created to provide a single, continuous representation of strategy data. The most recent datasets for a given territory are used to generate the mosaic. This mosaic is disseminated through the Data Cube Platform, implemented by NRCan using geospatial big data management technologies. These technologies enable the rapid and efficient visualization of high-resolution geospatial data and allow for the rapid generation of dynamically derived products. The mosaic is available from Web Map Services (WMS), Web Coverage Services (WCS) and SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) collections. Accessible data includes the Digital Terrain Model (DTM), the Digital Surface Model (DSM) and derived products such as shaded relief and slope. The mosaic is referenced to the Canadian Height Reference System 2013 (CGVD2013) which is the reference standard for orthometric heights across Canada. Source data for HRDEM datasets used to create the mosaic is acquired through multiple projects with different partners. Collaboration is a key factor to the success of the National Elevation Strategy. Refer to the “Supporting Document” section to access the list of the different partners including links to their respective data.

Contained within the Atlas of Canada's Reference Map Series, 1961 to 2010, is a map which has detailed coverage of all parts of the world north of approximately 55 degrees North (and south of this latitude for the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk areas). The map uses the Azimuthal equidistant projection. The map shows national and provincial-level boundaries for Canada, Greenland and Russia, and gives names for the province-level units. Included with the boundaries is Canada's 200 mile limit. The set of places denotes national and province-level capitals. Other places are not differentiated in any way (such as by size). Road and rail lines are shown for all thematic areas. The map has bathymetric tints for all marine areas. An interesting feature is showing three levels of ice extent: the minimum, median and maximum ice-edges. Data are as of 2004.

The map title is Montréal. Tactile map scale. 1.6 centimetres = 5 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Montréal and surrounding area. Montréal is located on Île de Montréal. The river to the north, Rivière des Prairies, and to the south, the St. Lawrence River, and are shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Main roads, routes 15, 20 and 40. A circle with a dot in the middle indicates Station Centrale, the bus station located in the centre of the city. A circle with a cross in it indicate Gare Centrale, the Via Rail station, located in the centre of the city. A circle with the shape of an airplane in it indicates Pierre Elliot Trudeau International Airport in Dorval 10 km to the west of the city centre. A circle with the shape of an airplane in it indicates Mirabel International Airport located to the northwest of the city. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.

Contained within the Atlas of Canada's Various Map Series, 1965 to 2006, is a map of the Northern Hemisphere which is the second edition produced in 1965. It shows most of the continental and ocean areas of the Northern Hemisphere north of the following degrees of North latitude: 18 degrees on the top or Asian side, 20 degrees on the Pacific or left side, 12 degrees on the right or Middle East / African side and 14.5 degrees on the Atlantic or bottom side. All four corners show land and water areas south of the Equator. The map uses a Polar Equidistant Project and the scale varies depending on the location due to the properties of the projection. All land areas are a single light brown colour and all water areas are a light greenish blue. All text, lines of latitude and longitude and hydrography are black.

The map shows the mean January daily temperature based on the 30-year period 1941-1970. The lowest mean January daily temperatures are below -35 degrees Celsius and are located on Ellesmere Island and on Axel Heiberg Island and south of the Boothia Peninsula in Nunavut. The highest mean January daily temperatures are above 0 degrees Celsius and are located on the west coast of British Columbia. Generally, the mean increases from north to south, from -35 to -2.5 degrees Celsius. In Canada temperature regimes change drastically from season to season, and even within a season there are often marked changes which affect the whole nature and character of outside activities. The major factors that affect temperature are latitude and thus the length of daylight; elevation; distribution of land and water; and prevailing winds and storm tracks. Although the least direct and the least intense incoming solar radiation occurs in December, there is a lag in the cooling of the Earth’s surface. As a result, the coldest month in Canada is normally January. All temperature reporting stations in Canada are equipped with self-registering maximum and minimum thermometers, which are mounted in standard louvred instrument shelters. Ideally, the shelters are located a little more than a metre above the ground in open spaces that are considered to be representative of the area. The thermometers are read once or several times each day to obtain daily maximum and minimum temperature values. Daily values of maximum and minimum temperature are collected every month from approximately 2000 stations across Canada. From these data, various statistics, such as monthly means, are calculated. The mean daily maximum temperature for any month is the mean of all daily maximum temperatures recorded in that particular month for the period of record. The mean daily minimum temperature is calculated similarly. The mean daily temperature for the month is the average of the mean daily maximum and mean daily minimum values. For obvious socio-economic reasons, the climatological stations used in the analysis are not uniformly located across Canada. The majority are situated in populated areas along the southern fringe of the country. In the mountainous regions of western Canada, most of the stations are located in accessible valleys, and the pattern of the maps is generally indicative of valley conditions only. No attempt was made to allow for detailed topographic effects, as such a pattern would be too complicated to display on the scale used.

Annual counts of enterprises by visible minority status of owner (South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, etc.) and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Variations in vegetation cover and species composition related to climate are evident from the southern to northern Arctic. Scientists involved in the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Mapping (CAVM) project and undergraduate students in a University of Minnesota field course conducted a north-south transect in the Canadian Arctic in order to investigate this large-scale variation in vegetation. Data obtained from the transect will help define phytogeographic zonation in the Arctic related to climate. Four goals of the project were: 1) to help resolve interpretations of Arctic vegetation zonation (i.e. the Russian, European, and North American schools of thought) in order to develop a uniform internationally accepted terminology for use in the CAVM, 2) better understand vegetation patterns in the least documented of the circumpolar regions, 3) develop a table of major vegetation types along a mesotopographic sequence within vegetation zones related to climate, and 4) to further interest and research in the Arctic by involving graduate and undergraduate students in the project through a University of Minnesota sponsored field course, Arctic Field Ecology. University students from the United States and Canada joined vegetation scientists from Canada, Germany, Norway, Russia, and the United States in the transect from the northern to southern Canadian Arctic designed to investigate large-scale variation in vegetation related to climate.

This is the Grid Section portion of the Oil and Gas Land Division System. This is a grid system consisting of three sections, Area, Section and Unit used to describe Yukon Oil and Gas Dispositions, Leases and Licences. Every Grid Area shall be divided into sections. Grid Areas between 60 degrees and 68 degrees north shall be divided at intervals of 1/8 between the east and west boundaries. Grid Areas between 68 degrees and 70 degrees north shall be divided at intervals of 1/6. The north/south boundaries shall be divided at intervals of 1/10. Each section shall be numbered. Numbering starts with 1 in the southeast corner and moves north along the east edge to 10. The second row is numbered starting in the south again with 11 and goes north to 20. All other rows are number successively in the same manner. Distributed from GeoYukon by the Government of Yukon . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection. For more information: geomatics.help@yukon.ca

This table contains 900 series, with data for years 2004 - 2012 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (30 items: Avalon-Burin Peninsula-South Coast, Newfoundland and Labrador; North-Western Newfoundland-Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador; Prince Edward Island; Cape Breton-North Shore, Nova Scotia; ...) Trade flow detail (30 items: To Avalon-Burin Peninsula-South Coast, Newfoundland and Labrador; To North-Western Newfoundland-Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador; To Prince Edward Island; To Cape Breton-North Shore, Nova Scotia; ...).