As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA), an investigation of the Missouri River Basin is being conducted to document trends in surface-water quality, specifically for trends in nutrients and suspended sediment. Surface-water samples were collected from streams at specific sampling stations. Water-quality characteristics at each station are influenced by the natural and cultural characteristics of the drainage area upstream from the sampling station. Efficient quantification of the drainage area characteristics requires a digital map of the drainage area boundary that may be processed, together with other digital thematic maps (such as geology or land use), in a geographic information system (GIS). Digital drainage-area boundary data for one stream-sampling station in the Missouri River Basin (MRB4) study area is included in this data release. The drainage divides were identified chiefly using 1:24,000-scale hypsography.

Interactive web map of North Dakota's watershed boundaries. Watershed boundaries, more appropriately called hydrologic units, are the surface water drainage areas that all surface water drains to a single point. From the region to the subwatershed, explore your watershed! Note this is just the web map; there is an interactive web mapping application here.For more information about the WBD in North Dakota, please visit the ND Watershed Boundary Dataset page.

As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program, an investigation of the Yellowstone River Basin study unit is being conducted to document status and trends in surface- and ground-water quality. Surface-water samples are collected from streams (or lakes) at specific sampling stations. Water-quality characteristics at each station are influenced by the natural and cultural characteristics of the drainage area upstream from the sampling station. Efficient quantification of the drainage area characteristics requires a digital map of the drainage area boundary that may be processed, together with other digital thematic maps (such as geology or land use), in a geographic information system (GIS). Digital drainage-area data for 24 selected stream-sampling stations in the Yellowstone River Basin are included in this data release. The drainage divides were identified chiefly using 1:100,000-scale (50 m accuracy) hypsography. Drainage areas based on 1:100,000-scale hypsography data generally agree to within 5 percent with drainage areas measured at 1:24,000 scale, for areas larger than 50 km2.

This data set provides information for evaluation of streamflow loss as mechanism of transport of potential contaminants when assessing sensitivity of ground-water to contamination in Lawrence County, SD. This data set is a result of a larger work (WRIR 00-4103 cited above), which includes a paper plate titled: "Map showing sensitivity of ground-water to contamination in Lawrence County, South Dakota." Thirty drainage basins upstream from outcrops of the Minnekahta Limestone, Minnelusa Formation, or Madison Limestone were delineated using digital elevation models (DEM) for the study area and GIS algorithms for the analysis of watersheds. Streamflow loss is an important source of recharge to the Minnekahta, Minnelusa, and Madison aquifers. Precipitation that falls on outcrop areas could transport a contaminant to the water table by direct infiltration, but in many instances the runoff moving to a streamflow-loss zone is a more important mechanism of potential ground-water contamination. Water from streamflow loss in the study area is more likely to enter rapid flowpaths through the unsaturated zone and aquifer media because of solution openings. An additional data set listed in cross-references (sd_lcsens_lz) shows the locations of the streamflow loss zones. An attribute file describes selected characteristics of the drainage basins and includes a site identifier that can be related to the loss_zones. The source data includes digital data that characterizes the geology of the Black Hills area, which has been compiled at 1:100,000 scale and published in 1999 as part of the Black Hills Hydrology Study. USGS digital elevation models were used to describe land-surface altitudes. The drainage area data set has been archived at the USGS Water Resources National Spatial Data Information Node.

Map showing the geologic units of the Sturgis 1:24,00 quadrangle, clipped from the statewide geologic map. Attribute fields for the unit name, infiltration, competence and rock type added by Maribeth Price and filled out based on consultation with the rock units described on the map publication pdf. Intended for educational use only.Source map downloaded from the South Dakota Geological Survey, clipped to the quadrangle, and projected to UTM Zone 13 NAD 1983.Source Scale 1:500,000

North Dakota Department Environmental Quality scientists report on the quality of the surface waters in the state every other year in the even numbered years. The results of the assessment is the Section 305(b) and 303(d) listed impaired waters. For more information, please visit the NDDEQ Division of Water Quality - Watershed Management Program's website here. What is an Assessed Category stream or lake? The Clean Water Act (CWA) contains several sections which require states to report on the quality of their waters. Section 305(b) (State Water Quality Assessment Report) requires a comprehensive biennial report, and Section 303(d) requires a list of a state's water quality-limited waters needing total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) by April 1 of every even-numbered year. EPA suggests that states combine these two reports into one integrated report.

 What is a TMDL?
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) is the 

amount of a particular pollutant that a particular stream, lake, estuary or other water body can "handle" without violating state water quality standards. More information about TMDLs can be found here. What's the big deal? Once a TMDL is established, responsibility for reducing pollution among both point sources (ex. pipes) and diffuse sources is assigned. Diffuse sources include, but are not limited to, run-off (urban, agricultural, forestry, etc.), leaking underground storage tanks, unconfined aquifers, septic systems, stream channel alteration and damage to a riparian area.

This resource is a repository of the annual subsurface drainage (so-called "Tile Drainage") maps for the Bois de Sioux Watershed (BdSW), Minnesota and the Red River of the North Basin (RRB), separately. The RRB maps cover a 101,500 km2 area in the United States, which overlies portions of North Dakota, South Daokta, and Minnesota. The maps provide annual subsurface drainage system maps for recent four years, 2009, 2011, 2014, and 2017 (In 2017, the subsurface drainage maps including the Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar as an additional input are also provided). Please see Cho et al. (2019) in Water Resources Research (WRR) for full details.

Map Metadata (Proj=longlat +datum=WGS84) Raster value key: 0 = NoData, masked by non-agricultural areas (e.g. urban, water, forest, or wetland land) and high gradient cultivated crop areas (slope > 2%) based on the USGS National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) and the USGS National Elevation Dataset 1 = Undrained (UD) 2 = Subsurface Drained (SD)

Preferred citation: Cho, E., Jacobs, J. M., Jia, X., & Kraatz, S. (2019). Identifying Subsurface Drainage using Satellite Big Data and Machine Learning via Google Earth Engine. Water Resources Research, 55. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR024892

Corresponding author: Eunsang Cho (ec1072@wildcats.unh.edu)

Mineral groups identified through automated analysis of remote sensing data acquired by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) were used to generate a map showing the type and spatial distribution of hydrothermal alteration, other exposed mineral groups, and green vegetation across the northwestern conterminous United States. Boolean algebra was used to combine mineral groups identified through analysis of visible, near-infrared, and shortwave-infrared ASTER data into attributed alteration types and mineral classes based on common mineralogical definitions of such types and the minerals present within the mineral groups. Alteration types modeled in this way can be stratified relative to acid producing and neutralizing potential to aid in geoenvironmental watershed studies. This mapping was performed in support of multidisciplinary studies involving the predictive modeling of mineral deposit occurrence and geochemical environments at watershed to regional scales. These studies seek to determine the relative effects of mining and non-anthropogenic hydrothermal alteration on watershed surface water geochemistry and faunal populations. The presence or absence of hydrothermally-altered rocks and (or) specific mineral groups can be used to model the favorability of occurrence of certain types of mineral deposits, and aid in the delineation of permissive tracts for these deposits. These data were used as a data source for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Sagebrush Mineral-Resource Assessment (SaMiRA). This map, in ERDAS Imagine (.img) format, has been attributed by pixel value with material identification data that can be queried in most image processing and GIS software packages. Three files are included with this product: file with .img extension contains thematic image attributes and geographic projection data, file with .ige extension contains the raster data, and the file with .rrd extension includes pyramid data for fast display.

description: 2011 Vegetation Classification for Mud Lake, MN/SD Vegetation Project Report, OMBIL Environmental Stewardship - Level 1 Inventory. Mud Lake, located on the Minnesota and South Dakota border near the headwaters of the Red River in Traverse County, is an important breeding and migration staging area for waterfowl. Mud Lake is approximately 2,500 acres in area with a maximum depth of 7 feet. Due to the shallow depths, little fishing occurs on the Lake during the summer. Most fishing occurs from shore or during the winter. The most common species of fish in Mud Lake are Northern pike and Walleye. Land use in the surrounding watershed has historically been dominated by pasture/agricultural. Mud Lake is the north pool of the Lake Traverse Flood Control Project on the Boix de Sioux River. Land use changes in the watershed and reservoir water level management practices have reduced the value of Mud Lake as a waterfowl habitat. Water level stabilization has resulted in a decrease of aquatic macrophyte growth (both submerged and emergent) and a reduction in the invertebrate communities present in the Lake. The Lake Traverse Flood Control Project has developed plans to restore Mud Lake in order to create better fish spawning and waterfowl breeding habitats as well as other aquatic enhancement/restoration activities. The primary objective of the project is to map and describe the existing (currently on the ground) plant communities and to create a spatially referenced vegetation database for use in geographic information systems (GIS). The project provides an inventory of vegetation communities at Mud Lake with descriptive botanical and ecological information. The scope of work includes the mapping of vegetation types to the lowest hierarchical level of the National Vegetation Classification Standard (NVCS), a field survey to verify imagery signatures as they relate to the NVCS with map classification, mapping of all terrestrial and aquatic vegetation within the boundary of the Government provided project area, and developing an ArcGIS Geodatabase with spatial vegetation.; abstract: 2011 Vegetation Classification for Mud Lake, MN/SD Vegetation Project Report, OMBIL Environmental Stewardship - Level 1 Inventory. Mud Lake, located on the Minnesota and South Dakota border near the headwaters of the Red River in Traverse County, is an important breeding and migration staging area for waterfowl. Mud Lake is approximately 2,500 acres in area with a maximum depth of 7 feet. Due to the shallow depths, little fishing occurs on the Lake during the summer. Most fishing occurs from shore or during the winter. The most common species of fish in Mud Lake are Northern pike and Walleye. Land use in the surrounding watershed has historically been dominated by pasture/agricultural. Mud Lake is the north pool of the Lake Traverse Flood Control Project on the Boix de Sioux River. Land use changes in the watershed and reservoir water level management practices have reduced the value of Mud Lake as a waterfowl habitat. Water level stabilization has resulted in a decrease of aquatic macrophyte growth (both submerged and emergent) and a reduction in the invertebrate communities present in the Lake. The Lake Traverse Flood Control Project has developed plans to restore Mud Lake in order to create better fish spawning and waterfowl breeding habitats as well as other aquatic enhancement/restoration activities. The primary objective of the project is to map and describe the existing (currently on the ground) plant communities and to create a spatially referenced vegetation database for use in geographic information systems (GIS). The project provides an inventory of vegetation communities at Mud Lake with descriptive botanical and ecological information. The scope of work includes the mapping of vegetation types to the lowest hierarchical level of the National Vegetation Classification Standard (NVCS), a field survey to verify imagery signatures as they relate to the NVCS with map classification, mapping of all terrestrial and aquatic vegetation within the boundary of the Government provided project area, and developing an ArcGIS Geodatabase with spatial vegetation.

The Sheeprocks (UT) was revised to resync with the UT habitat change as reflected in the Oct 2017 habitat data, creating the most up-to-date version of this dataset. Data submitted by Wyoming in February 2018 and by Montana and Oregon in May 2016 were used to update earlier versions of this feature class. The biologically significant unit (BSU) is a geographical/spatial area within Greater Sage-Grouse habitat that contains relevant and important habitats which is used as the basis for comparative calculations to support evaluation of changes to habitat. This BSU unit, or subset of this unit is used in the calculation of the anthropogenic disturbance threshold and in the adaptive management habitat trigger. BSU feature classes were submitted by individual states/EISs and consolidated by the Wildlife Spatial Analysis Lab. They are sometimes referred to as core areas/core habitat areas in the explanations below, which were consolidated from metadata submitted with BSU feature classes. These data provide a biological tool for planning in the event of human development in sage-grouse habitats. The intended use of all data in the BLM's GIS library is to support diverse activities including planning, management, maintenance, research, and interpretation. While the BSU defines the geographic extent and scale of these two measures, how they are calculated differs based on the specific measures to reflect appropriate assessment and evaluation as supported by scientific literature.There are 10 BSUs for the Idaho and Southwestern Montana GRSG EIS sub-region. For the Idaho and Southwestern Montana Greater Sage-Grouse Plan Amendment FEIS the biologically significant unit is defined as: a geographical/spatial area within greater sage-grouse habitat that contains relevant and important habitats which is used as the basis for comparative calculations to support evaluation of changes to habitat. Idaho: BSUs include all of the Idaho Fish and Game modeled nesting and delineated winter habitat, based on 2011 inventories within Priority and/or Important Habitat Management Area (Alternative G) within a Conservation Area. There are eight BSUs for Idaho identified by Conservation Area and Habitat Management Area: Idaho Desert Conservation Area - Priority, Idaho Desert Conservation Area - Important, Idaho Mountain Valleys Conservation Area - Priority, Idaho Mountain Valleys Conservation Area - Important, Idaho Southern Conservation Area - Priority, Idaho Southern Conservation Area - Important, Idaho West Owyhee Conservation Area - Priority, and Idaho West Owyhee Conservation Area - Important. Raft River : Utah portion of the Sawtooth National Forest, 1 BSU. All of this areas was defined as Priority habitat in Alternative G. Raft River - Priority. Montana: All of the Priority Habitat Management Area. 1 BSU. SW Montana Conservation Area - Priority. Montana BSUs were revised in May 2016 by the MT State Office. They are grouped together and named by the Population in which they are located: Northern Montana, Powder River Basin, Wyoming Basin, and Yellowstone Watershed. North and South Dakota BSUs have been grouped together also. California and Nevada's BSUs were developed by Nevada Department of Wildlife's Greater Sage-Grouse Wildlife Staff Specialist and Sagebrush Ecosystem Technical Team Representative in January 2015. Nevada's Biologically Significant Units (BSUs) were delineated by merging associated PMUs to provide a broader scale management option that reflects sage grouse populations at a higher scale. PMU boundarys were then modified to incorporate Core Management Areas (August 2014; Coates et al. 2014) for management purposes. (Does not include Bi-State DPS.) Within Colorado, a Greater Sage-Grouse GIS data set identifying Preliminary Priority Habitat (PPH) and Preliminary General Habitat (PGH) was developed by Colorado Parks and Wildlife. This data is a combination of mapped grouse occupied range, production areas, and modeled habitat (summer, winter, and breeding). PPH is defined as areas of high probability of use (summer or winter, or breeding models) within a 4 mile buffer around leks that have been active within the last 10 years. Isolated areas with low activity were designated as general habitat. PGH is defined as Greater sage-grouse Occupied Range outside of PPH. Datasets used to create PPH and PGH: Summer, winter, and breeding habitat models. Rice, M. B., T. D. Apa, B. L. Walker, M. L. Phillips, J. H. Gammonly, B. Petch, and K. Eichhoff. 2012. Analysis of regional species distribution models based on combined radio-telemetry datasets from multiple small-scale studies. Journal of Applied Ecology in review. Production Areas are defined as 4 mile buffers around leks which have been active within the last 10 years (leks active between 2002-2011). Occupied range was created by mapping efforts of the Colorado Division of Wildlife (now Colorado Parks and Wildlife –CPW) biologists and district officers during the spring of 2004, and further refined in early 2012. Occupied Habitat is defined as areas of suitable habitat known to be used by sage-grouse within the last 10 years from the date of mapping. Areas of suitable habitat contiguous with areas of known use, which do not have effective barriers to sage-grouse movement from known use areas, are mapped as occupied habitat unless specific information exists that documents the lack of sage-grouse use. Mapped from any combination of telemetry locations, sightings of sage grouse or sage grouse sign, local biological expertise, GIS analysis, or other data sources. This information was derived from field personnel. A variety of data capture techniques were used including the SmartBoard Interactive Whiteboard using stand-up, real-time digitizing atvarious scales (Cowardin, M., M. Flenner. March 2003. Maximizing Mapping Resources. GeoWorld 16(3):32-35). Update August 2012: This dataset was modified by the Bureau of Land Management as requested by CPW GIS Specialist, Karin Eichhoff. Eichhoff requested that this dataset, along with the GrSG managment zones (population range zones) dataset, be snapped to county boundaries along the UT-CO border and WY-CO border. The county boundaries dataset was provided by Karin Eichhoff. In addition, a few minor topology errors were corrected where PPH and PGH were overlapping. Update October 10, 2012: NHD water bodies greater than 100 acres were removed from GrSG habitat, as requested by Jim Cagney, BLM CO Northwest District Manager. 6 water bodies in total were removed (Hog Lake, South Delaney, Williams Fork Reservoir, North Delaney, Wolford Mountain Reservoir (2 polygons)). There were two “SwampMarsh” polygons that resulted when selecting polygons greater than 100 acres; these polygons were not included. Only polygons with the attribute “LakePond” were removed from GrSG habitat. Colorado Greater Sage Grouse managment zones based on CDOW GrSG_PopRangeZones20120609.shp. Modified and renumbered by BLM 06/09/2012. The zones were modified again by the BLM in August 2012. The BLM discovered areas where PPH and PGH were not included within the zones. Several discrepancies between the zones and PPH and PGH dataset were discovered, and were corrected by the BLM. Zones 18-21 are linkages added as zones by the BLM. In addition to these changes, the zones were adjusted along the UT-CO boundary and WY-CO boundary to be coincident with the county boundaries dataset. This was requested by Karin Eichhoff, GIS Specialist at the CPW. She provided the county boundaries dataset to the BLM. Greater sage grouse GIS data set identifying occupied, potential and vacant/unknown habitats in Colorado. The data set was created by mapping efforts of the Colorado Division of Wildlife biologist and district officers during the spring of 2004, and further refined in the winter of 2005. Occupied Habitat: Areas of suitable habitat known to be used by sage-grouse within the last 10 years from the date of mapping. Areas of suitable habitat contiguous with areas of known use, which do not have effective barriers to sage-grouse movement from known use areas, are mapped as occupied habitat unless specific information exists that documents the lack of sage-grouse use. Mapped from any combination of telemetry locations, sightings of sage grouse or sage grouse sign, local biological expertise, GIS analysis, or other data sources. Vacant or Unknown Habitat: Suitable habitat for sage-grouse that is separated (not contiguous) from occupied habitats that either: 1) Has not been adequately inventoried, or 2) Has not had documentation of grouse presence in the past 10 years Potentially Suitable Habitat: Unoccupied habitats that could be suitable for occupation of sage-grouse if practical restoration were applied. Soils or other historic information (photos, maps, reports, etc.) indicate sagebrush communities occupied these areas. As examples, these sites could include areas overtaken by pinyon-juniper invasions or converted rangelandsUpdate October 10, 2012: NHD water bodies greater than 100 acres were removed from GrSG habitat and management zones, as requested by Jim Cagney, BLM CO Northwest District Manager. 6 water bodies in total were removed (Hog Lake, South Delaney, Williams Fork Reservoir, North Delaney, Wolford Mountain Reservoir (2 polygons)). There were two “SwampMarsh” polygons that resulted when selecting polygons greater than 100 acres; these polygons were not included. Only polygons with the attribute “LakePond” were removed from GrSG habitat. Oregon submitted updated BSU boundaries in May 2016 and again in October 2016, which were incorporated into this latest version. In Oregon, the Core Area maps and data were developed as one component of the Conservation Strategy for sage-grouse. Specifically, these data provide a tool in planning and identifying appropriate mitigation in the event of human development in sage-grouse habitats. These maps will assist in making