This study seeks to refine sampling methodology in the forested wetlands, to collect baseline data for aquatic animals to enable comparisons between Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) and non-CERP impacted wetlands, and to begin studies of food-web structure in cypress and mangrove wetlands.

Methylmercury, a neurotoxin, is found in the game fish of south Florida. Samples of periphyton, the assemblage of microalgae that live in shallow submerged substrates which is home to, and food for, creatures that are the foundation of the food chain, have concentrations of methylmercury that range from non-detectable to tenths of a part per million on a dry weight basis. The report produced from this project presents data for samples of periphyton and water collected in 1995 and 1996 from Water Conservation Areas, the Big Cypress National Preserve, and the Everglades National Park in south Florida. Periphyton samples were analyzed for concentrations of total mercury, methylmercury, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and inorganic carbon. Water-column samples collected on the same dates as the periphyton samples were analyzed for concentrations of major ions.

The goal of this project is to answer the question - How does mercury produced in the aquatic environment enter the food chain and become part of the body burden of animals such as game fish in south Florida?

Prey-base fishes. The small demersal fishes of the coastal wetlands are a keystone element in this ecosystem. They are the primary and secondary consumers of the plants mentioned above and they are the primary food resource for myriad piscine (e.g. game species of fish), reptilian (e.g. juvenile crocodiles) and avian (e.g. wading birds) predators. The community dynamics of these fishes are dictated by hydrologic and hydrographic parameters so they also respond predictably to water management practices. Because they are a bottle-neck in the food web, their abundance and availability dictate the success of higher trophic levels. Fish are sampled in June, September and monthly from November through April at five locations. A 9m2 drop trap designed specifically for this habitat are used to quantify fish use. Nine traps are used at each site.

This project obtains wet-season monitoring data on aquatic animals and periphyton that play a fundamental role in the food web of the Everglades. Periphyton is the primary source of food for aquatic animals there and it is an excellent indicator of nutrient enrichment, if present. Small fish, crayfish, and grass shrimp are the primary food resources of apex predators in the Everglades, notably wading birds. This project is linked to a companion effort monitoring the same aquatic animals in dry-season drying pools where wading birds and alligators feed on the concentrated prey. These projects are motivated by a Trophic Hypothesis that restoration of hydrological conditions in the Everglades will lead to restoration of historical productivity of apex predators such as wading birds through its impact on the food web. Periphyton is a fast responding indicator (weeks to months) of nutrient and hydrological conditions and small fish and aquatic invertebrates respond in a seasonal to multi-annual (up to 3y) timeframe to changing hydrological conditions; aquatic animals are also affected by nutrient enrichment in predictable ways, but not as quickly and precisely as periphyton.

Krill and fish were sampled acoustically and visually beneath the fast ice using the tethered SCINI ROV, which was deployed and operated through a 25 cm diameter hole drilled through the sea ice. SCINI contained cameras and thrusters, and towed a sensor package consisting of a WET Labs fluorometer (ECO-AFL/FL) and a single-beam Biosonics 120 kHz DT-X echosounder. Visual targets were identified to the lowest taxon possible; these observations were used primarily to verify classification of acoustic signals. The echosounder operated at a nominal ping rate of 1 ping s-1; however, this rate was occasionally adjusted if false bottom signals were observed. The general profile of a dive included a surface transect of ~300 m horizontal distance, where the acoustic transducer faced downward, and also a dive to ~120 m if conditions allowed. Echogram data were saved to a depth of 500 m, and background noise was removed. Given the effective range of the transducer of approximately 100 m (resolving -80 dB targets), surveys characterized the upper 200 m of the water column. access_formats=.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson acquisition_description="" awards_0_award_nid=665130 awards_0_award_number=PLR-0944747 awards_0_data_url=http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0944747 awards_0_funder_name=NSF Division of Polar Programs awards_0_funding_acronym=NSF PLR awards_0_funding_source_nid=490497 awards_0_program_manager=Dr Chris H. Fritsen awards_0_program_manager_nid=50502 awards_1_award_nid=665135 awards_1_award_number=PLR-0944511 awards_1_data_url=http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0944511 awards_1_funder_name=NSF Division of Polar Programs awards_1_funding_acronym=NSF PLR awards_1_funding_source_nid=490497 awards_1_program_manager=Dr Chris H. Fritsen awards_1_program_manager_nid=50502 awards_2_award_nid=665138 awards_2_award_number=PLR-0944694 awards_2_data_url=http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0944694 awards_2_funder_name=NSF Division of Polar Programs awards_2_funding_acronym=NSF PLR awards_2_funding_source_nid=490497 awards_2_program_manager=Dr Chris H. Fritsen awards_2_program_manager_nid=50502 cdm_data_type=Other comment=Mean acoustic backscatter by site from McMurdo Sound. PI: Kendra Daly Co-PI: Stacy Kim Version: 2018-02-21 Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 data_source=extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019 defaultDataQuery=&time<now doi=10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.731147 Easternmost_Easting=166.3348293 geospatial_lat_max=-77.5508 geospatial_lat_min=-77.70318638 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=166.3348293 geospatial_lon_min=165.0610853 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=231.6565411 geospatial_vertical_min=7.34392257 geospatial_vertical_positive=down geospatial_vertical_units=m infoUrl=https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/715512 institution=BCO-DMO instruments_0_acronym=ROV instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description=SCINI ROV (https://bitbucket.org/scinirov/scini/wiki/Home) instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid=727522 instruments_0_description=Remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) are unoccupied, highly maneuverable underwater robots operated by a person aboard a surface vessel. They are linked to the ship by a group of cables that carry electrical signals back and forth between the operator and the vehicle. Most are equipped with at least a video camera and lights. Additional equipment is commonly added to expand the vehicle’s capabilities. These may include a still camera, a manipulator or cutting arm, water samplers, and instruments that measure water clarity, light penetration, and temperature. More information. instruments_0_instrument_name=Remotely Operated Vehicle instruments_0_instrument_nid=445 instruments_0_supplied_name=SCINI ROV instruments_1_acronym=BioSonics DT-X Echosounder instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description=Biosonics, Inc. DT-X echosounder with 120 kHz split beam transducer instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid=716064 instruments_1_description=The BioSonics DT-X Digital Scientific Echosounder is available in single or spilt beam configuration. The resultant data set comprises 38 and 120 kHz split beam data. The DT-X Digital Scientific Echosounder is used for stock assessment, biomass estimates, and habitat mapping. DT-X digital transducers are available in a range of frequencies (38, 70, 120, 200, and 420 kHz) and beam patterns in split beam or single beam. Up to 5 transducers can be mulltiplexed for simultaneous data collection in any combination of frequencies and transducer orientations. The BioSonics split beam echosounder data can be analyzed for fish quantity, individual sizes, direction of travel through the acoustic beam. Data analysis is done using BioSonics, Echoview, or Sonar4/5-Pro software (and other options are available). Additional information is available from: BioSonics DT-X Digital Echosounder (http://www.biosonicsinc.com/product-overview.asp), BioSonics (http://www.biosonicsinc.com), Echoview (http://www.echoview.com/), and Sonar4/5-Pro (http://tid.uio.no/~hbalk/sonar4_5/index.htm). instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/FFES/ instruments_1_instrument_name=BioSonics DT-X Digital Scientific Echosounder instruments_1_instrument_nid=646 instruments_1_supplied_name=Biosonics, Inc. DT-X echosounder metadata_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/715512 Northernmost_Northing=-77.5508 param_mapping={'715512': {'lat': 'flag - latitude', 'depth_mean': 'master - depth', 'lon': 'flag - longitude'}} parameter_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/715512/parameters people_0_affiliation=University of South Florida people_0_affiliation_acronym=USF people_0_person_name=Kendra L. Daly people_0_person_nid=50505 people_0_role=Principal Investigator people_0_role_type=originator people_1_affiliation=H.T. Harvey & Associates people_1_person_name=Dr David G. Ainley people_1_person_nid=50491 people_1_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_1_role_type=originator people_2_affiliation=Point Blue Conservation Science people_2_person_name=Dr Grant Ballard people_2_person_nid=566872 people_2_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_2_role_type=originator people_3_affiliation=Moss Landing Marine Laboratories people_3_affiliation_acronym=MLML people_3_person_name=Dr Stacy Kim people_3_person_nid=51714 people_3_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_3_role_type=originator people_4_affiliation=University of South Florida people_4_affiliation_acronym=USF people_4_person_name=Benjamin Saenz people_4_person_nid=715795 people_4_role=Contact people_4_role_type=related people_5_affiliation=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution people_5_affiliation_acronym=WHOI BCO-DMO people_5_person_name=Mathew Biddle people_5_person_nid=708682 people_5_role=BCO-DMO Data Manager people_5_role_type=related project=McMurdo Predator Prey projects_0_acronym=McMurdo Predator Prey projects_0_description=Extracted from the NSF award abstract: The research project investigates the importance of top down forcing on pelagic food webs. The relatively pristine Ross Sea includes large populations of upper-level predators such as minke and killer whales, Adélie and Emperor penguins, and Antarctic toothfish. This project focuses on food web interactions of Adélie penguins, minke whales, and the fish-eating Ross Sea killer whales, all of which exert foraging pressure on their main prey, crystal krill (Euphausia cyrstallorophias) and silver fish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) in McMurdo Sound. The investigators used a video- and acoustic-capable ROV, and standard biological and environmental sensors to quantify the abundance and distribution of phytoplankton, sea ice biota, prey, and relevant habitat data. The sampling area included 37 stations across an 30 x 15 km section of McMurdo Sound, stratified by distance from the ice edge as a proxy for air-breathing predator access. This study will be among the first to assess top-down forcing in the Ross Sea ecosystem and will form the basis for multidisciplinary studies in the future. Map sampling stations projects_0_end_date=2016-11 projects_0_geolocation=McMurdo Sound, Antarctica projects_0_name=Food web dynamics in an intact ecosystem: the role of top predators in McMurdo Sound projects_0_project_nid=665131 projects_0_project_website=https://scini-penguin.mlml.calstate.edu/pauls-wordpress-test-site/ projects_0_start_date=2011-06 sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=-77.70318638 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v55 version=1 Westernmost_Easting=165.0610853 xml_source=osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3

This dataset includes chlorophyll, phaeopigments, depth, lat, lon, and station from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica collected between the austral years 2012/2013 and 2014/2015. access_formats=.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson acquisition_description=Small holes were drilled through the McMurdo Sound fast ice. A Niskin Bottle was deployed below the fast ice and water was collected just below the ice- water interface and at a pre-determined depth (Chlorophyll maximum) as determined by a fluorescence sensor on a CTD. Water samples from the Niskin bottles were collected in 4 L amber Nalgene bottles and then immediately stored in a dark cooler. Gloves were worn for sample collection and bottles and caps were rinsed three times before sample collection. The sample bottles were immediately processed as soon as they returned from the field. The collection bottle was gently swirled and 50 to 2000 mL were filtered under low vacuum onto a 25 mm GF/F filter. Filters were immediately placed in 13 mm borosilicate test tubes containing 7 mL 90% v/v HPLC grade acetone and extracted in the dark for 24 h at -20 degrees C. After extraction, fluorescence was measured with a Turner Designs 10 AU fluorometer before and after acidification. The fluorometer was calibrated at McMurdo Station at the beginning of the field season using Chlorophyll a standards from Sigma-Aldrich and rechecked using a solid standard from Turner Designs several times during the field season. Chlorophyll a was determined using the methods of Parsons et al. (1984).

Reference:
Parsons, T.R., Maita, Y., Lalli, C.M., 1984. A Manual of Chemical and Biological\u00a0Methods for Seawater Analysis. Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 107\u2013110. awards_0_award_nid=665135 awards_0_award_number=PLR-0944511 awards_0_data_url=http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0944511 awards_0_funder_name=NSF Division of Polar Programs awards_0_funding_acronym=NSF PLR awards_0_funding_source_nid=490497 awards_0_program_manager=Dr Chris H. Fritsen awards_0_program_manager_nid=50502 cdm_data_type=Other comment=Chlorophyll data for McMurdo Sound PIs: Kendra Daly and Stacy Kim data version 08 Feb 2017 Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 data_source=extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019 defaultDataQuery=&time<now doi=10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.699891 Easternmost_Easting=166.3047 geospatial_lat_max=-77.5508 geospatial_lat_min=-77.7034 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=166.3047 geospatial_lon_min=165.0612 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=150.0 geospatial_vertical_min=0.0 geospatial_vertical_positive=down geospatial_vertical_units=m infoUrl=https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/679685 institution=BCO-DMO instruments_0_acronym=Niskin bottle instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid=679690 instruments_0_description=A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24 or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/ instruments_0_instrument_name=Niskin bottle instruments_0_instrument_nid=413 instruments_1_acronym=ECO AFL/FL instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid=681352 instruments_1_description=The Environmental Characterization Optics (ECO) series of single channel fluorometers delivers both high resolution and wide ranges across the entire line of parameters using 14 bit digital processing. The ECO series excels in biological monitoring and dye trace studies. The potted optics block results in long term stability of the instrument and the optional anti-biofouling technology delivers truly long term field measurements. more information from Wet Labs instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0172/ instruments_1_instrument_name=Wet Labs ECO-AFL/FL Fluorometer instruments_1_instrument_nid=592 instruments_1_supplied_name=WET Labs ECO-AFL/FL instruments_2_acronym=Sea-Bird SEACAT 19 Plus instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid=681351 instruments_2_description=Self contained self powered CTD profiler. Measures conductivity, temperature and pressure in both profiling (samples at 4 scans/sec) and moored (sample rates of once every 5 seconds to once every 9 hours) mode. Available in plastic or titanium housing with depth ranges of 600m and 7000m respectively. Minature submersible pump provides water to conductivity cell. instruments_2_instrument_name=CTD Sea-Bird SBE SEACAT 19plus instruments_2_instrument_nid=616065 metadata_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/679685 Northernmost_Northing=-77.5508 param_mapping={'679685': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'depth': 'flag - depth', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}} parameter_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/679685/parameters people_0_affiliation=University of South Florida people_0_affiliation_acronym=USF people_0_person_name=Kendra L. Daly people_0_person_nid=50505 people_0_role=Principal Investigator people_0_role_type=originator people_1_affiliation=H.T. Harvey & Associates people_1_person_name=Dr David G. Ainley people_1_person_nid=50491 people_1_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_1_role_type=originator people_2_affiliation=Point Blue Conservation Science people_2_person_name=Dr Grant Ballard people_2_person_nid=566872 people_2_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_2_role_type=originator people_3_affiliation=Moss Landing Marine Laboratories people_3_affiliation_acronym=MLML people_3_person_name=Dr Stacy Kim people_3_person_nid=51714 people_3_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_3_role_type=originator people_4_affiliation=University of South Florida people_4_affiliation_acronym=USF people_4_person_name=Kendra L. Daly people_4_person_nid=50505 people_4_role=Contact people_4_role_type=related people_5_affiliation=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution people_5_affiliation_acronym=WHOI BCO-DMO people_5_person_name=Amber York people_5_person_nid=643627 people_5_role=BCO-DMO Data Manager people_5_role_type=related project=McMurdo Predator Prey projects_0_acronym=McMurdo Predator Prey projects_0_description=Extracted from the NSF award abstract: The research project investigates the importance of top down forcing on pelagic food webs. The relatively pristine Ross Sea includes large populations of upper-level predators such as minke and killer whales, Adélie and Emperor penguins, and Antarctic toothfish. This project focuses on food web interactions of Adélie penguins, minke whales, and the fish-eating Ross Sea killer whales, all of which exert foraging pressure on their main prey, crystal krill (Euphausia cyrstallorophias) and silver fish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) in McMurdo Sound. The investigators used a video- and acoustic-capable ROV, and standard biological and environmental sensors to quantify the abundance and distribution of phytoplankton, sea ice biota, prey, and relevant habitat data. The sampling area included 37 stations across an 30 x 15 km section of McMurdo Sound, stratified by distance from the ice edge as a proxy for air-breathing predator access. This study will be among the first to assess top-down forcing in the Ross Sea ecosystem and will form the basis for multidisciplinary studies in the future. Map sampling stations projects_0_end_date=2016-11 projects_0_geolocation=McMurdo Sound, Antarctica projects_0_name=Food web dynamics in an intact ecosystem: the role of top predators in McMurdo Sound projects_0_project_nid=665131 projects_0_project_website=https://scini-penguin.mlml.calstate.edu/pauls-wordpress-test-site/ projects_0_start_date=2011-06 sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=-77.7034 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v55 version=1 Westernmost_Easting=165.0612 xml_source=osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3

Community ecology can link habitat to disease via interactions among habitat, focal hosts, other hosts, their parasites, and predators. However, complicated food web interactions (i.e., trophic interactions among predators, and their impacts on host density and diversity) often obscure the important pathways regulating disease. Here, we disentangle community drivers in a case study of planktonic disease, using a two-step approach. In step one, we tested univariate field patterns linking community interactions to two disease metrics. Density of focal hosts (Daphnia dentifera) was related to density but not prevalence of fungal (Metschnikowia bicuspidata) infections. Both disease metrics appeared to be driven by selective predators that cull infected hosts (fish, e.g. Lepomis macrochirus), sloppy predators that spread parasites while feeding (midges, Chaoborus punctipennis), and spore predators that reduce contact between focal hosts and parasites (other zooplankton, especially small-bodied Ceriodaphnia sp.). Host diversity also negatively correlated with disease, suggesting a dilution effect. However, several of these univariate patterns are initially misleading, due to confounding ecological links among habitat, predators, host density, and host diversity. In step two, path models uncovered and explained these misleading patterns, and grounded them in habitat structure (refuge size). First, rather than directly reducing infection prevalence, fish predation drove disease indirectly through changes in density of midges and frequency of small spore predators (which became more frequent in lakes with small refuges). Second, small spore predators drove the two disease metrics through fundamentally different pathways: They directly reduced infection prevalence, but indirectly reduced density of infected hosts by lowering density of focal hosts (likely via competition). Third, the univariate diversity-disease pattern (signaling a dilution effect) merely reflected the confounding direct effects of these small spore predators. Diversity per se had no effect on disease, after accounting for the links between small spore predators, diversity, and infection prevalence. In turn, these small spore predators were regulated by both size-selective fish predation and refuge size. Thus, path models not only explain each of these surprising results, but also trace their origins back to habitat structure.

This dataset includes depth profiles in the euphotic zone of nutrient (nitrate, silicate, phosphate) concentrations and profiles of silicic acid uptake rates from EXPORTS cruise RR1813. \r \r The EXPORTS field campaign in the subarctic North Pacific sampled an ecosystem characterized as high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) due to low iron (Fe) levels that are primary controllers constraining phytoplankton utilization of other nutrients. It has been a paradigm in low Fe, HNLC systems that diatoms grow at elevated Si:C and Si:N ratios and should be efficiently exported as particles significantly enriched in Si relative to C. However, Fe limitation also alters diatoms species composition and the high Si demand imposed by low Fe can drive HNLC regions to Si limitation or Si/Fe co-limitation. Thus, the degree of Si and/or Fe stress in HNLC waters can all alter diatom taxonomic composition, the elemental composition of diatom cells, and the path cells follow through the food web ultimately altering diatom carbon export.\r \r Within each ecosystem state examined in the EXPORTS program, nutrient biogeochemistry, diatom and phytoplankton community structure, and global diatom gene expression patterns (metatranscriptomics) are characterized in the lit ocean. Nutrient amendment experiments with tracer addition (14C, 32Si) are used to quantify the level of Si and Fe stress being experienced by the phytoplankton and to contextualize taxa-specific metatranscriptome responses for resolving gene expression profiles in the in situ communities. access_formats=.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson,.odvTxt acquisition_description=Seawater samples were collected using an epoxy coated CTD-rosette mounted with Go-Flo samplers and a Sea-Bird Electronics CTD (SBE9plus). Go-Flo bottles were transferred to a trace metal clean van for subsampling into polypropylene tubes (nutrients), polypropylene bottle (biogenic silica and particulate carbon and nitrogen) or TM acid-cleaned polycarbonate incubation bottles (Si-32 & C-14 incubation experiments).

Nutrient samples were filtered through 0.2 \u03bcm polycarbonate filters and frozen at -20\u00b0C. Samples for biogenic silica concentrations were size fractionated by serial filtration through 5 \u03bcm and 0.6 \u03bcm polycarbonate filters. Filters were stored frozen at -20\u00b0C. Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen were measured on samples from experiments examining the effect of added Fe and Si on carbon fixation. These samples were filtered through precombusted GFF filters placed in glass scintillation vials and frozen at -20\u00b0C.

Samples for silicic acid uptake profiles were spiked with the radioisotope Si-32. Nutrient limitation assays were performed on pairs of samples where rate of silicic acid uptake (Si-32) or carbon fixation (C-14 in paired light/dark bottles) were determined in unaltered controlled samples and in samples augmented with either silicic acid (20 \u03bcM) or iron chloride (1 nM). All samples were incubated on deck in simulated in situ incubators cooled with flowing surface seawater from 24 h. Profiles samples six depths from near surface to the 1% light level. Nutrient limitation assays were performed at the 40% and 10% light levels.

Particles from incubated samples were size fractionated by serial filtration through 5 \u03bcm and 0.6 \u03bcm 25 mm polycarbonate filters. For C-14 incubations, total radioactivity in each sample was determined by sampling 100 \u03bcl of sample seawater prior to filtration. Filters from Si-32 incubations were placed on plastic planchettes and dried before covering with mylar film and stored or analysis ashore using low level beta counters (Riso Inc). Filters from C-14 incubations were acidified in glass scintillation vials, scintillation cocktail (Ultima Gold XR) added followed by liquid scintillation counting. Total radioactivity samples received 100 \u03bcL of b-phenethylamine and 5 mL of scintillation cocktail prior to analysis at sea using a Beckman 8500 scintillation counter.

For more information, see the Protocol documents (under Supplemental Files). awards_0_award_nid=757394 awards_0_award_number=OCE-1756442 awards_0_data_url=http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1756442 awards_0_funder_name=NSF Division of Ocean Sciences awards_0_funding_acronym=NSF OCE awards_0_funding_source_nid=355 awards_0_program_manager=David L. Garrison awards_0_program_manager_nid=50534 cdm_data_type=Other comment=32Si Profiles EXPORTS PI: Mark Brzezinksi (UCSB) Co-PIs: Kristen Buck (USF) & Bethany Jenkins (URI) Contact: Janice Jones (UCSB) Version date: 2020-Jan-03 Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 data_source=extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019 defaultDataQuery=&time<now doi=10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.785856.1 Easternmost_Easting=-144.691 geospatial_lat_max=50.5925 geospatial_lat_min=50.1496 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-144.691 geospatial_lon_min=-145.1413 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=70.0 geospatial_vertical_min=3.0 geospatial_vertical_positive=down geospatial_vertical_units=m infoUrl=https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/785856 institution=BCO-DMO instruments_0_acronym=GO-FLO instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid=789449 instruments_0_description=GO-FLO bottle cast used to collect water samples for pigment, nutrient, plankton, etc. The GO-FLO sampling bottle is specially designed to avoid sample contamination at the surface, internal spring contamination, loss of sample on deck (internal seals), and exchange of water from different depths. instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/30/ instruments_0_instrument_name=GO-FLO Bottle instruments_0_instrument_nid=411 instruments_0_supplied_name=Go-Flo samplers instruments_1_acronym=CTD SBE 9 instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid=789444 instruments_1_description=The Sea-Bird SBE 9 is a type of CTD instrument package. The SBE 9 is the Underwater Unit and is most often combined with the SBE 11 Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) when deployed from a research vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 and SBE 11 is called a SBE 911. The SBE 9 uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 and SBE 4). The SBE 9 CTD can be configured with auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorometer, altimeter, etc.). Note that in most cases, it is more accurate to specify SBE 911 than SBE 9 since it is likely a SBE 11 deck unit was used. more information from Sea-Bird Electronics instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ instruments_1_instrument_name=CTD Sea-Bird 9 instruments_1_instrument_nid=488 instruments_1_supplied_name=Sea-Bird Electronics CTD (SBE9plus) instruments_2_acronym=Light-Dark Bottle instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid=790921 instruments_2_description=The light/dark bottle is a way of measuring primary production by comparing before and after concentrations of dissolved oxygen. Bottles containing seawater samples with phytoplankton are incubated for a predetermined period of time under light and dark conditions. Incubation is preferably carried out in situ, at the depth from which the samples were collected. Alternatively, the light and dark bottles are incubated in a water trough on deck, and neutral density filters are used to approximate the light conditions at the collection depth.Rates of net and gross photosynthesis and respiration can be determined from measurements of dissolved oxygen concentration in the sample bottles. instruments_2_instrument_external_identifier=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/82/ instruments_2_instrument_name=Light-Dark Bottle instruments_2_instrument_nid=498 instruments_3_acronym=FIA instruments_3_dataset_instrument_nid=789451 instruments_3_description=An instrument that performs flow injection analysis. Flow injection analysis (FIA) is an approach to chemical analysis that is accomplished by injecting a plug of sample into a flowing carrier stream. FIA is an automated method in which a sample is injected into a continuous flow of a carrier solution that mixes with other continuously flowing solutions before reaching a detector. Precision is dramatically increased when FIA is used instead of manual injections and as a result very specific FIA systems have been developed for a wide array of analytical techniques. instruments_3_instrument_external_identifier=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB36/ instruments_3_instrument_name=Flow Injection Analyzer instruments_3_instrument_nid=657 instruments_3_supplied_name=Lachat Instruments QuikChem 8500 Series 2 anayzer keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords metadata_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/785856 Northernmost_Northing=50.5925 param_mapping={'785856': {'Latitude': 'flag - latitude', 'Longitude': 'flag - longitude', 'ISO_DateTime_UTC': 'flag - time', 'Target_Depth': 'flag - depth'}} parameter_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/785856/parameters people_0_affiliation=University of California-Santa Barbara people_0_affiliation_acronym=UCSB-MSI people_0_person_name=Mark A. Brzezinski people_0_person_nid=50663 people_0_role=Principal Investigator people_0_role_type=originator people_1_affiliation=University of South Florida people_1_affiliation_acronym=USF people_1_person_name=Kristen N. Buck people_1_person_nid=51624 people_1_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_1_role_type=originator people_2_affiliation=University of Rhode Island people_2_affiliation_acronym=URI people_2_person_name=Bethany D. Jenkins people_2_person_nid=558172 people_2_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_2_role_type=originator people_3_affiliation=University of California-Santa Barbara people_3_affiliation_acronym=UCSB people_3_person_name=Janice L.

1. Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides world-wide, but their fate in the environment remains unclear, as does their potential to influence non-target species and the roles they play in agroecosystems. 2. We investigated in laboratory and field studies the influence of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam, applied as a coating to soya bean seeds, on interactions among soya beans, non-target molluscan herbivores and their insect predators. 3. In the laboratory, the pest slug Deroceras reticulatum was unaffected by thiamethoxam, but transmitted the toxin to predaceous beetles (Chlaenius tricolor), impairing or killing >60%. 4. In the field, thiamethoxam-based seed treatments depressed activity–density of arthropod predators, thereby relaxing predation of slugs and reducing soya bean densities by 19% and yield by 5%. 5. Neonicotinoid residue analyses revealed that insecticide concentrations declined through the food chain, but levels in field-collected slugs (up to 500 ng g−1) were still high enough to harm insect predators. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our findings reveal a previously unconsidered ecological pathway through which neonicotinoid use can unintentionally reduce biological control and crop yield. Trophic transfer of neonicotinoids challenges the notion that seed-applied toxins precisely target herbivorous pests and highlights the need to consider predatory arthropods and soil communities in neonicotinoid risk assessment and stewardship.

Bouvet Island is a sub-Antarctic island and established nature reserve in the South Atlantic Ocean (Subarea 48.6). The Norwegian Polar Institute operates a small research station designed for shorts stays of 2 to 4 months at a time.

Data has been collected discontinuously on the following parameters for each species:

Macaroni and chinstrap penguins

Breeding population size

Duration of foraging

Breeding success

Chick diet

Breeding chronology

Antarctic fur seals

Duration of seal cow foraging

Pup growth

Purpose of CEMP: In order to provide information of the effects of fishing on dependent species, CCAMLR set up the CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Program (CEMP) in 1989. The two aims of CEMP are to:

1) Detect and record significant changes in critical components of the marine ecosystem within the Convention Area, to serve as a basis for the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources.

2) Distinguish between changes due to harvesting of commercial species and changes due to environmental variability, both physical and biological.

Background

Mobile animals transport nutrients and propagules across habitats, and are crucial for the functioning of food webs and for ecosystem services. Human activities such as urbanization can alter animal movement behavior, including site fidelity and resource use. Because many urban areas are adjacent to natural sites, mobile animals might connect natural and urban habitats. More generally, understanding animal movement patterns in urban areas can help predict how urban expansion will affect the roles of highly mobile animals in ecological processes.

Methods

Here, we examined movements by a seasonally nomadic wading bird, the American white ibis (Eudocimus albus), in South Florida, USA. White ibis are colonial wading birds that forage on aquatic prey; in recent years, some ibis have shifted their behavior to forage in urban parks, where they are fed by people. We used a spatial network approach to investigate how individual movement patterns influence connectivity between urban...

This dataset contains dates of icebreaker start and arrival at McMurdo Station in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica between austral years 1956/1957 and 2014/2015. \u00a0It also includes the distance\u00a0between the fast ice edge and McMurdo Station on the date of ship arrival at the fast ice edge. access_formats=.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson acquisition_description=Data were acquired from scientist and icebreaker logbooks and contractor records (DACSUSAP2012-13, pers. comm. P. McGillivary USCG, see link below). \u00a0\u00a0See\u00a0deployment:\u00a0McMurdo_IceBreakers_1957-2015\u00a0for a list of icebreakers used.

External link to more information about\u00a0ice-breaking services at McMurdo Station, Antarctica:
* "%5C%22https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=f761ad09e622aaac334d5a30cacf9f82&tab=core&_cview=0%0A%5C%22">DACSUSAP2012-13 "%5C%22https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=f761ad09e622aaac334d5a30cacf9f82&tab=core&_cview=0%5C%22">Ice- breaking"%5C%22https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=f761ad09e622aaac334d5a30cacf9f82&tab=core&_cview=0%5C%22"> Services awards_0_award_nid=665130 awards_0_award_number=PLR-0944747 awards_0_data_url=http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0944747 awards_0_funder_name=NSF Division of Polar Programs awards_0_funding_acronym=NSF PLR awards_0_funding_source_nid=490497 awards_0_program_manager=Dr Chris H. Fritsen awards_0_program_manager_nid=50502 awards_1_award_nid=665135 awards_1_award_number=PLR-0944511 awards_1_data_url=http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0944511 awards_1_funder_name=NSF Division of Polar Programs awards_1_funding_acronym=NSF PLR awards_1_funding_source_nid=490497 awards_1_program_manager=Dr Chris H. Fritsen awards_1_program_manager_nid=50502 awards_2_award_nid=665138 awards_2_award_number=PLR-0944694 awards_2_data_url=http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0944694 awards_2_funder_name=NSF Division of Polar Programs awards_2_funding_acronym=NSF PLR awards_2_funding_source_nid=490497 awards_2_program_manager=Dr Chris H. Fritsen awards_2_program_manager_nid=50502 cdm_data_type=Other comment=McMurdo Sound ice edge distance and icebreaker dates PIs: Stacy Kim et al. data version: 31 Jan 2017 Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 data_source=extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019 defaultDataQuery=&time<now doi=10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.708221 Easternmost_Easting=166.4686 geospatial_lat_max=-77.8539 geospatial_lat_min=-77.8539 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=166.4686 geospatial_lon_min=166.4686 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east infoUrl=https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/674992 institution=BCO-DMO metadata_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/674992 Northernmost_Northing=-77.8539 param_mapping={'674992': {'lat_approx': 'flag - latitude', 'lon_approx': 'flag - longitude'}} parameter_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/674992/parameters people_0_affiliation=Moss Landing Marine Laboratories people_0_affiliation_acronym=MLML people_0_person_name=Dr Stacy Kim people_0_person_nid=51714 people_0_role=Principal Investigator people_0_role_type=originator people_1_affiliation=H.T. Harvey & Associates people_1_person_name=Dr David G. Ainley people_1_person_nid=50491 people_1_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_1_role_type=originator people_2_affiliation=Point Blue Conservation Science people_2_person_name=Dr Grant Ballard people_2_person_nid=566872 people_2_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_2_role_type=originator people_3_affiliation=University of South Florida people_3_affiliation_acronym=USF people_3_person_name=Kendra L. Daly people_3_person_nid=50505 people_3_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_3_role_type=originator people_4_affiliation=Moss Landing Marine Laboratories people_4_affiliation_acronym=MLML people_4_person_name=Dr Stacy Kim people_4_person_nid=51714 people_4_role=Contact people_4_role_type=related people_5_affiliation=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution people_5_affiliation_acronym=WHOI BCO-DMO people_5_person_name=Amber York people_5_person_nid=643627 people_5_role=BCO-DMO Data Manager people_5_role_type=related project=McMurdo Predator Prey projects_0_acronym=McMurdo Predator Prey projects_0_description=Extracted from the NSF award abstract: The research project investigates the importance of top down forcing on pelagic food webs. The relatively pristine Ross Sea includes large populations of upper-level predators such as minke and killer whales, Adélie and Emperor penguins, and Antarctic toothfish. This project focuses on food web interactions of Adélie penguins, minke whales, and the fish-eating Ross Sea killer whales, all of which exert foraging pressure on their main prey, crystal krill (Euphausia cyrstallorophias) and silver fish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) in McMurdo Sound. The investigators used a video- and acoustic-capable ROV, and standard biological and environmental sensors to quantify the abundance and distribution of phytoplankton, sea ice biota, prey, and relevant habitat data. The sampling area included 37 stations across an 30 x 15 km section of McMurdo Sound, stratified by distance from the ice edge as a proxy for air-breathing predator access. This study will be among the first to assess top-down forcing in the Ross Sea ecosystem and will form the basis for multidisciplinary studies in the future. Map sampling stations projects_0_end_date=2016-11 projects_0_geolocation=McMurdo Sound, Antarctica projects_0_name=Food web dynamics in an intact ecosystem: the role of top predators in McMurdo Sound projects_0_project_nid=665131 projects_0_project_website=https://scini-penguin.mlml.calstate.edu/pauls-wordpress-test-site/ projects_0_start_date=2011-06 sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=-77.8539 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v55 subsetVariables=latitude,longitude version=1 Westernmost_Easting=166.4686 xml_source=osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3

In English:

During the second half of the Antarctic summer it has been examined and sampled the coastal close to Juan Carlos I station, mainly at Spanish Cove, Argentine Cove and Johnson Dock. The sampling was done by foot during the low tide as well as from light boats available at the station. It was done also a regular recount of vertebrate seeing the mentioned coves and in the South Bay. They were also taken samples of water and sediments at the small lakes close to the station.Activities done:Installation of 4 buoy (Hesperides Point, Johnson rocks, Polaca Point and Argentina Cove) anchored at 10 m of depth, each one with 5 PVC sheets (20x20 cm2) positioned to different levels to study the fixing and growth of benthonic organisms.Ten sea trips to collect water samples and organic particulate material (<200 mm): 3 in the Espanola Cove sector and Polaca Point, 3 in Johnson Dock, 2 in Argentina Cove, 1 in Ereby Point in the middle of the South Bay.14 intertidal samples of benthic organisms on soft and hard substrata in Espa?ola and Argetina Coves.Seventeen dredging at about 8 m in depth in the surroundings of Johnson rocks and Polaca Point.Seventy three dredging (done with Van Beeb dredge) in 13 different points of the coast. Ten depth fishing from the boats in Espanola and Argentina Coves and Johnson Dock.Thirteen samplings of microbiology in three lakes in the surroundings of the station, as well the obtaining of 22 samples of sediment at the coast. A sample of water from a subglacial stream at Johnson Glacier to determinate its content on microorganisms and organic particulate material. Routine counting of vertebrate (penguin, pinnipeds and cetacean) in the Espanola Cove and Johnson Docks and sporadically in the Argentina Cove.

En Espanol:

Durante la segunda fase de la campana antartica se ha examinado y muestreado el litoral proximo a la base Juan Carlos I, principalmente las caletas Espanola, Argentina y Jonson, en la Isla Livingston. El muestreo se ha realizado tanto a pie durante las mareas bajas como a partir de embarcaciones ligeras disponibles en la base. Tambien se efectuo un recuento regular de los vertebrados avistados en dichas caletas y en Bahia Sur. Igualmente, se han tomado muestras de agua y sedimento de las lagunas cercanas a la base. Actividades realizadas:Instalacion de 4 boyas (en Punta Hesperides, rocas del Johnson, Punta Polaca y Caleta Argentina) fondeadas a 10 m de profundidad, cada una de ellas con 5 placas de PVC (20x20 cm2) colocadas a distintos niveles para el estudio de la fijacion y el crecimiento de organismos bentonicos. Diez salidas al mar para recoger muestras de agua, plancton y materia organica particulada (<200 mm): 3 en el sector de Caleta Espanola y Punta Polaca, 3 en Caleta Johnson, 2 en Caleta Argentina, 1 en Punta Ereby y 1 en medio de Bahia Sur. Catorce muestreos intermareales de organismos bentonicos sobre sustratos duros y blandos en las caletas Espanola y Argentina. Diez y siete dragados de nasas a unos 8 m de profundidad en los alrededores de las rocas Johnson y de Punta Polaca. Setenta y tres dragados (realizados con dragas Van Been de mano) en 13 puntos distintos del litoral.Diez pescas de fondo con arrastre desde las embarcaciones en las caletas Espanola y Argentina en Jonson Dock. Trece muestreos de microbiologia en tres lagunas en la zona cercana a la base espanola (6+6+1), ademas de la obtencion de 22 muestras de sedimento de las orillas.Una toma de agua del rio subglacial del glaciar Jonson para determinar su contenido en microorganismos y en materia organica particulada.Recuento rutinario de vertebrados (pinguinos, pinnipedos y cetaceos) en la Caleta Espanola y Jonson Dock y esporadicamente en la Caleta Argentina.

The objective of this work is to gather wet season aquatic fauna (marsh fish and macroinvertebrates) population and periphyton production and community composition data across the Greater Everglades ecosystem. This effort will establish the current condition of these populations and will allow scientists to detect changes/trends in aquatic fauna and periphyton population structures as CERP is implemented. The secondary objective of this project is for the principle investigator to provide feedback in the form of annual reports and a presentation to the Adaptive Assessment Team (AAT) to explain how these dynamics relate to aquatic fauna populations and the periphyton community structure and composition, how they will be affected by CERP implementation, how they relate to CERP hypotheses from the MAP, and how to apply what is learned to the adaptive management process. Aquatic fauna and periphyton will be sampled at sites selected using a stratified random design (Phillipi 2003), completed for RECOVER in fall 2003. The aquatic fauna (marsh fishes and macroinvertebrates) and periphyton sampling locations sites will be conjoined with crayfish sampling when possible. Information gathered about the population dynamics of these aquatic fauna and periphyton communities will be used as input for predictive models, and to interpret the relationship between wading birds and aquatic fauna populations and the periphyton community structure and composition. Understanding this relationship between the upper, primary, and secondary trophic levels will be used to assess CERP performance.

The Monitoring and Assessment Plan of CERP has established a number of biotic performance measures to assess restoration of food-web function under this long-term restoration program. The community structure (abundance, biomass, and species composition) of periphyton and fishes, and the spatial distribution of the latter in relation to hydrology, are among the key performance measures targeted for monitoring. We are using a multistage, spatially balanced sampling design to document landscape-scale patterns of these performance measures. We also conduct more intensive sampling at “sentinel†sites, sampled twice during the dry season, to gather seasonal information aiding in the interpretation of yearly landscape-level data. A 1-m2 throw trap is used to collect periphyton, marsh fishes, and benthic macroinvertebrates such as crayfish and dragonflies, while mangrove fishes are sampled using a 9-m2 drop net. Our sampling design will be used as a guide for on-going CERP activities, as data resulting from restoration efforts are compiled and interpreted against results from simulation models or data collected from reference sites.