In 2018, South Korea recorded its hottest summer since 1973, with 31 heat-wave days. Heatwaves with maximum temperatures above 33 degrees Celsius usually occur after the rainy season in summer. In recent years, not only has the frequency of heatwaves increased, but also their intensity. Summer in South Korea Summer in South Korea (from June to August) is usually hot and humid with a lot of rainfall during the rainy season of the East Asian monsoon (Changma). About 60 percent of precipitation falls during this season. The average temperature in summer was around 24.7 degrees Celsius in 2023. The amount of precipitation in summer that year stood at over 1,000 millimeters, more than four times higher than in winter. Climate change South Korea is known for its four distinct seasons, yet weather patterns have increasingly changed in recent decades, resulting in longer summers and shorter winters. This shows that South Korea is not excluded from the effects of climate change. Changing climate patterns in recent decades have also led to an intensification of precipitation and more heat waves in South Korea. Meanwhile, climate change is taken very seriously by South Koreans: about 48 percent of respondents to a 2019 survey said that global warming or climate change is the most important environmental issue for South Korea.

In 2024, South Korea recorded **** heat wave days, a significant increase from the previous year. The highest number of heat wave days was recorded in 2018, peaking at ** days, marking a decade high.

In 2024, precipitation in Jeju in South Korea was the highest nationwide, with about 1928.9 millimeters. Gyeongnam followed with around 1713.6 millimeters.

Heating Degree Days data was reported at 4,652.050 Degrees Celsius in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,555.900 Degrees Celsius for 2019. Heating Degree Days data is updated yearly, averaging 5,124.120 Degrees Celsius from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2020, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,701.040 Degrees Celsius in 1981 and a record low of 4,460.450 Degrees Celsius in 2015. Heating Degree Days data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Climate Risk. A heating degree day (HDD) is a measurement designed to track energy use. It is the number of degrees that a day's average temperature is below 18°C (65°F). Daily degree days are accumulated to obtain annual values.;World Bank, Climate Change Knowledge Portal. https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org;;

In May 2025, the average temperature in Incheon, South Korea was 16.5 degrees Celsius. August 2024 was the city's hottest month in the past six years, while December 2022 was the coldest, with an average temperature of minus 2.6 degrees Celsius.

The daily minimum temperature record and the monthly heat sales record

(Korea District Heating Corporation) Meteorological measurements such as latitude, longitude, hourly outside temperature and maximum/minimum/average outside temperature by heat source and date 1. Note: None 2. Request parameters ■ serviceKey (public data authentication key) ■ pageNo (page number) ■ numOfRows (number of items) ■ startDate (query start date) ■ endDate (query end date) 3. Output elements (enter some items) ■ issueDate (date) (example: 20150101) ■ latitude (latitude) (example: 37.5457649) ■ longitude (longitude) (example: 126.9169618) ■ plantId (heat source ID) (example: 701) ■ rnum (sequence number) (example: 1) ■ wthr01h (1 o'clock outside temperature) (example: -6.3) ■ wthr02h (2 o'clock outside temperature) (Example: -6.6) 4. Usage examples ■ Analysis of outside temperature trends and patterns by weather observation site ■ Learning of prediction models based on outside temperature trends ■ Comparison and feature analysis of outside temperature by latitude and longitude

In May 2025, the average temperature in Jeju, South Korea, was 17.5 degrees Celsius. The island's hottest month was August 2024, while February 2022 was the coldest, with an average temperature of 5.2 degrees Celsius.

Distribution of weather and death descriptions in the past and in recent times of summer.

Impacts of high air temperature of summer in Korea.

Korea Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 0.080 % in 2009. Korea Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.080 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Korea Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Korea – Table KR.World Bank: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

In May 2025, the average temperature in Busan, South Korea was 17.4 degrees Celsius. August 2024 was the city's hottest month in the past five years, while February 2025 was the coldest, with an average temperature of 2.9 degrees Celsius.

The GPM Ground Validation SEA FLUX ICE POP dataset includes estimates of ocean surface latent and sensible heat fluxes, 10m wind speed, 10m air temperature, 10m air humidity, and skin sea surface temperature in support of the International Collaborative Experiments for Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (ICE-POP) field campaign in South Korea. The two major objectives of ICE-POP were to study severe winter weather events in regions of complex terrain and improve the short-term forecasting of such events. These data contributed to the Global Precipitation Measurement mission Ground Validation (GPM GV) campaign efforts to improve satellite estimates of orographic winter precipitation. This data file is available in netCDF-4 format from September 1, 2017 through April 30, 2018.

North Korea Heating Degree Days data was reported at 7,311.600 Degrees Celsius in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,174.530 Degrees Celsius for 2019. North Korea Heating Degree Days data is updated yearly, averaging 7,933.810 Degrees Celsius from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2020, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,579.330 Degrees Celsius in 1984 and a record low of 7,174.530 Degrees Celsius in 2019. North Korea Heating Degree Days data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s North Korea – Table KP.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Climate Risk. A heating degree day (HDD) is a measurement designed to track energy use. It is the number of degrees that a day's average temperature is below 18°C (65°F). Daily degree days are accumulated to obtain annual values.;World Bank, Climate Change Knowledge Portal. https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org;;

In May 2025, the average temperature in Gwangju, South Korea was 18.2 degrees Celsius. August 2024 was the city's hottest month in the past six years, while December 2022 and February 2025 were the coldest, with an average temperature of 1.1 degrees Celsius.

(Korea District Heating Corporation) Monthly and branch-specific energy usage information using the search start date and search end date as search conditions 1. Note: None 2. Request parameters ■ serviceKey (public data authentication key) ■ pageNo (page number) ■ numOfRows (number of items) ■ startDate (search start date) ■ endDate (search end date) 3. Output elements (enter some items) ■ basYm (year and month) (Example: 201006) ■ brNm (branch name) (Example: Headquarters, Suwon branch) ■ brSno (branch number) (Example: 3, 4) ■ engUseTj (energy usage) (Example: 1.0435687480255, 5.32244713582999999) ■ engUseUnit (unit) (Example: TJ) ■ rnum (sequence number) (Example: 1, 2) 4. Usage examples ■ Analysis of trends and seasonal patterns based on annual and monthly energy usage data ■ Analysis of relationships between climate and customer information and energy usage ■ Comparative analysis of energy usage according to branch location

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Heat Stress Monitor market size is USD 16581.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.00% from 2024 to 2031. North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 6632.48 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% from 2024 to 2031. Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 4974.36 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5% from 2024 to 2031. Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 3813.68 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.0% from 2024 to 2031. Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 829.06 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4% from 2024 to 2031. Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 331.62 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.7% from 2024 to 2031. Handheld HSM segment held the highest Heat Stress Monitor market revenue share in 2024. Market Dynamics of Heat Stress Monitor Market Key Drivers for Heat Stress Monitor Market Heat Stress Monitoring Is Increasingly Being Used In Military And Athletic Applications to Propel Market Growth Heat stress is one of the risk factors for developing long-term health problems. Athletics and military personnel employ compact and portable health stress monitors. People's increasing health consciousness increases demand for health stress monitors in the form of portable and wearable gadgets. These gadgets are frequently used for training, monitoring, and personal health goals. Soldiers typically operate in harsh environments. As a result, heat stress monitors are an essential piece of equipment for soldiers. The military sector is a primary driver of market expansion for heat stress monitors. These devices allow real-time monitoring of soldiers' health on a training ground or in a field, alerting soldiers to heat stress levels. Rising Number of Heat-Related Illnesses to Promote the Expanding Heat Stress Monitor Industry Climate change is causing rising global temperatures and more frequent and severe heatwaves. These intense weather conditions raise the risk of heat-related disorders such as heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and dehydration, especially among vulnerable groups such as outdoor laborers, athletes, and the elderly. Workers in industries such as construction, agriculture, mining, and manufacturing are more vulnerable to heat stress as a result of extended exposure to high temperatures, particularly in hot climate zones. Monitoring heat stress in these conditions is critical for preventing heat-related illnesses and ensuring worker safety and productivity. The elderly, children, and people with pre-existing medical issues are especially vulnerable to heat-related disorders. Healthcare providers and caregivers are increasingly using heat stress monitors to protect these vulnerable populations during heatwaves and high-temperature periods. Restraint Factor for the Heat Stress Monitor Market Lack of Strong Enforcement Across Industries in Developing Economies The developing countries of Asia Pacific (APAC) and Africa have an unorganized industrial sector. Heat stress monitors are currently being used in industrialized countries such as Australia, South Korea, and Japan, where governments impose tight laws and standards for various industries. Governments in emerging countries such as India, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, South Africa, and Egypt demand heat stress monitoring standards in many industrial sectors. However, the sluggish standardization of industrial safety rules is a significant barrier as businesses continue to use traditional methods such as manual environmental testing and others. This restraint has a significant impact at the moment; however, it is likely to decrease in the future as many governments throughout the world develop more standardizations and rules to limit workplace danger. Impact of COVID-19 on the Heat Stress Monitor Market The COVID-19 pandemic has had a range of effects on the Heat Stress Monitor market. The pandemic created substantial disruptions in worldwide ...

This dataset includes processed satellite-based LST products and land use data for analyzing the diurnal variation in the surface urban heat island effect in southern metropolitan cities of Korea.

(1) ECOSTRESS LST data_after Daily Adjustment (2020-22): This dataset contains the results of daily adjustments performed on all ECOSTRESS LST observations with minimal data loss due to clouds, covering the study areas from 2020 to 2022.

(2) GK-2A LST data_Aligned with ECOSTRESS Grid (2020-22): This dataset consists of GK-2A LST data with similar observation areas to the ECOSTRESS LST images used in the study and acquisition times within 15 minutes. To facilitate smooth research, these data have been aligned to the ECOSTRESS LST grid.

(3) Seasonal Mean GK-2A LST data (2020-22): This dataset contains the results of calculating the mean LST data at 30-minute intervals throughout the day, based on GK-2A LST data for each season from 2020 to 2022.

(4) Land use data (2022): (4-1) Medium-level land use data: 2022 land use raster data categorized according to the medium-level classification system provided by the Ministry of Environment of Korea. It includes a classification code table. (4-2) Urban and Rural boundaries code: Urban and rural area boundaries defined based on the land use data.

This README file was generated on 2023-09-22 by Tae-Kyung Eom.

GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Title of Dataset: Adaptive response of Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) to climate and altitude in the temperate forests of South Korea
2. Author Information A. Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Tae-Kyung Eom Institution: Chung-Ang University Address: Ansung, South Korea Email: xorud147@naver.com
   B. Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Jae-Kang Lee Institution: Chung-Ang University Address: Ansung, South Korea
   Name: Dong-Ho Lee Institution: Chung-Ang University Address: Ansung, South Korea
   Name: Hyeongyu Ko Institution: Chung-Ang University Address: Ansung, South Korea
   Name: Shin-Jae Rhim Institution: Chung-Ang University Address: Ansung, South Korea
3. Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date): 2021-2022
4. Geographic location of data collection: Mt...

In 2024, the average maximum temperature in South Korea reached **** degrees Celsius, slightly higher than the previous year. The annual average maximum temperature in South Korea has risen steadily over the measured period. Temperature trends by season South Korea has four seasons, each characterized by its own distinctive temperature trends. The average summer temperature recorded in South Korea has ranged from ** to ** degrees Celsius. Although average temperatures generally indicate moderate warmth, 31 heat-wave days were recorded in 2018 alone, far above the average value. Conversely, winter in South Korea is the coldest and driest season, with an average temperature of about *** degrees Celsius in 2023. Climate change and response Climate change has impacted South Korea. Despite the minor ups and downs in temperature, the annual average temperature has moved gradually upward, showing a difference of more than *** degree Celsius from 2023 to 1973. Additionally, the number of heatwave days has increased substantially compared to previous decades. This has not gone unnoticed, as most legislative members of the National Assembly have identified addressing the enactment and revision of policies as a priority in responding to the climate crisis.