In the past four centuries, the population of the United States has grown from a recorded 350 people around the Jamestown colony of Virginia in 1610, to an estimated 331 million people in 2020. The pre-colonization populations of the indigenous peoples of the Americas have proven difficult for historians to estimate, as their numbers decreased rapidly following the introduction of European diseases (namely smallpox, plague and influenza). Native Americans were also omitted from most censuses conducted before the twentieth century, therefore the actual population of what we now know as the United States would have been much higher than the official census data from before 1800, but it is unclear by how much. Population growth in the colonies throughout the eighteenth century has primarily been attributed to migration from the British Isles and the Transatlantic slave trade; however it is also difficult to assert the ethnic-makeup of the population in these years as accurate migration records were not kept until after the 1820s, at which point the importation of slaves had also been illegalized. Nineteenth century In the year 1800, it is estimated that the population across the present-day United States was around six million people, with the population in the 16 admitted states numbering at 5.3 million. Migration to the United States began to happen on a large scale in the mid-nineteenth century, with the first major waves coming from Ireland, Britain and Germany. In some aspects, this wave of mass migration balanced out the demographic impacts of the American Civil War, which was the deadliest war in U.S. history with approximately 620 thousand fatalities between 1861 and 1865. The civil war also resulted in the emancipation of around four million slaves across the south; many of whose ancestors would take part in the Great Northern Migration in the early 1900s, which saw around six million black Americans migrate away from the south in one of the largest demographic shifts in U.S. history. By the end of the nineteenth century, improvements in transport technology and increasing economic opportunities saw migration to the United States increase further, particularly from southern and Eastern Europe, and in the first decade of the 1900s the number of migrants to the U.S. exceeded one million people in some years. Twentieth and twenty-first century The U.S. population has grown steadily throughout the past 120 years, reaching one hundred million in the 1910s, two hundred million in the 1960s, and three hundred million in 2007. In the past century, the U.S. established itself as a global superpower, with the world's largest economy (by nominal GDP) and most powerful military. Involvement in foreign wars has resulted in over 620,000 further U.S. fatalities since the Civil War, and migration fell drastically during the World Wars and Great Depression; however the population continuously grew in these years as the total fertility rate remained above two births per woman, and life expectancy increased (except during the Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918).

Since the Second World War, Latin America has replaced Europe as the most common point of origin for migrants, with Hispanic populations growing rapidly across the south and border states. Because of this, the proportion of non-Hispanic whites, which has been the most dominant ethnicity in the U.S. since records began, has dropped more rapidly in recent decades. Ethnic minorities also have a much higher birth rate than non-Hispanic whites, further contributing to this decline, and the share of non-Hispanic whites is expected to fall below fifty percent of the U.S. population by the mid-2000s. In 2020, the United States has the third-largest population in the world (after China and India), and the population is expected to reach four hundred million in the 2050s.

In 2020, about 82.66 percent of the total population in the United States lived in cities and urban areas. As the United States was one of the earliest nations to industrialize, it has had a comparatively high rate of urbanization over the past two centuries. The urban population became larger than the rural population during the 1910s, and by the middle of the century it is expected that almost 90 percent of the population will live in an urban setting. Regional development of urbanization in the U.S. The United States began to urbanize on a larger scale in the 1830s, as technological advancements reduced the labor demand in agriculture, and as European migration began to rise. One major difference between early urbanization in the U.S. and other industrializing economies, such as the UK or Germany, was population distribution. Throughout the 1800s, the Northeastern U.S. became the most industrious and urban region of the country, as this was the main point of arrival for migrants. Disparities in industrialization and urbanization was a key contributor to the Union's victory in the Civil War, not only due to population sizes, but also through production capabilities and transport infrastructure. The Northeast's population reached an urban majority in the 1870s, whereas this did not occur in the South until the 1950s. As more people moved westward in the late 1800s, not only did their population growth increase, but the share of the urban population also rose, with an urban majority established in both the West and Midwest regions in the 1910s. The West would eventually become the most urbanized region in the 1960s, and over 90 percent of the West's population is urbanized today. Urbanization today New York City is the most populous city in the United States, with a population of 8.3 million, while California has the largest urban population of any state. California also has the highest urbanization rate, although the District of Columbia is considered 100 percent urban. Only four U.S. states still have a rural majority, these are Maine, Mississippi, Montana, and West Virginia.

The world's population first reached one billion people in 1803, and reach eight billion in 2023, and will peak at almost 11 billion by the end of the century. Although it took thousands of years to reach one billion people, it did so at the beginning of a phenomenon known as the demographic transition; from this point onwards, population growth has skyrocketed, and since the 1960s the population has increased by one billion people every 12 to 15 years. The demographic transition sees a sharp drop in mortality due to factors such as vaccination, sanitation, and improved food supply; the population boom that follows is due to increased survival rates among children and higher life expectancy among the general population; and fertility then drops in response to this population growth. Regional differences The demographic transition is a global phenomenon, but it has taken place at different times across the world. The industrialized countries of Europe and North America were the first to go through this process, followed by some states in the Western Pacific. Latin America's population then began growing at the turn of the 20th century, but the most significant period of global population growth occurred as Asia progressed in the late-1900s. As of the early 21st century, almost two thirds of the world's population live in Asia, although this is set to change significantly in the coming decades. Future growth The growth of Africa's population, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, will have the largest impact on global demographics in this century. From 2000 to 2100, it is expected that Africa's population will have increased by a factor of almost five. It overtook Europe in size in the late 1990s, and overtook the Americas a decade later. In contrast to Africa, Europe's population is now in decline, as birth rates are consistently below death rates in many countries, especially in the south and east, resulting in natural population decline. Similarly, the population of the Americas and Asia are expected to go into decline in the second half of this century, and only Oceania's population will still be growing alongside Africa. By 2100, the world's population will have over three billion more than today, with the vast majority of this concentrated in Africa. Demographers predict that climate change is exacerbating many of the challenges that currently hinder progress in Africa, such as political and food instability; if Africa's transition is prolonged, then it may result in further population growth that would place a strain on the region's resources, however, curbing this growth earlier would alleviate some of the pressure created by climate change.

Plant populations are limited by resource availability and exhibit physiological trade-offs in resource acquisition strategies. These trade-offs may constrain the ability of populations to exhibit fast growth rates under water limitation and high cover of neighbors. However, traits that confer drought tolerance may also confer resistance to competition. It remains unclear how fitness responses to these abiotic conditions and biotic interactions combine to structure grassland communities and how this relationship may change along a gradient of water availability. To address these knowledge gaps, we estimated the low-density growth rates of populations in drought conditions with low neighbor cover and in ambient conditions with average neighbor cover for 82 species in six grassland communities across the Central Plains and Southwestern United States. We assessed the relationship between population tolerance to drought and resistance to competition and determined if this relationship was consistent across a precipitation gradient. We also tested whether population growth rates could be predicted using plant functional traits. Across six sites, we observed a positive correlation between low-density population growth rates in drought and in the presence of interspecific neighbors. This positive relationship was particularly strong in grasslands of the northern Great Plains but weak in the most xeric grasslands. High leaf dry matter content and low (more negative) leaf turgor loss point were associated with high population growth rates in drought and with neighbors in most grassland communities.

Synthesis: A better understanding of how both biotic and abiotic factors impact population fitness provides valuable insights into how grasslands will respond to extreme drought. Our results advance plant strategy theory by suggesting that drought tolerance increases population resistance to interspecific competition in grassland communities. However, this relationship is not evident in the driest grasslands where aboveground competition is likely less important. Leaf dry matter content and turgor loss point may help predict which populations will establish and persist based on local water availability and neighbor cover, and these predictions can be used to guide the conservation and restoration of biodiversity in grasslands.

Methods Cover data These data include a subset of 82 species (113 species-site combinations) that were monitored annually as part of the Extreme Drought in Grasslands Experiment (EDGE). Topographically unform and hydrologically isolated plots were set up across six grassland types (tallgrass prairie, southern mixed-grass prairie, northern mixed-grass prairie, northern shortgrass prairie, southern shortgrass prairie, and desert grassland) and absolute cover of all species in four 1 x 1 m quadrats was estimated yearly from 2012–2017. At each site, ten control plots at each site received ambient rainfall over the experimental period, and ten treatment plots experienced a 66% reduction in growing season precipitation (equivalent to roughly 40–50% over the whole year) using greenhouse rainout shelters equipped with strips of clear corrugated polycarbonate. Additional site and experimental design details are available in Griffin‐Nolan et al., (2019). Population growth rates Percent cover was used as a measure of population size for each species at the quadrat level. Population growth rate at time t was calculated as the total cover of a species in time t+1 divided by the total cover in time t. The natural logarithm of this value (intrinsic rate of increase) for a species in a quadrat describes whether the population increased (positive value) or decreased (negative value) in the transition from year t to t+1. Population growth rates were calculated for each species in each quadrat in each annual transition. Because we use species cover instead of counts of individuals to measure population size, intraspecific cover is equal to the cumulative cover of a species in a quadrat. Interspecific cover in each quadrat is defined as the cumulative cover of all non-focal species in a quadrat. We calculated low-density growth rates for populations of each species at each site to assess fitness in two different conditions: mean neighbor abundance under ambient rainfall and minimum neighbor abundance under extreme drought. Minimum and mean neighbor abundances were averaged across all five years of the experiment. To estimate these growth rates, we fit linear models predicting intrinsic rate of increase for each species in each grassland as a function of drought treatment, intraspecific neighborhood cover, and interspecific neighborhood cover across years. Functional traits Species-level trait data were assembled from several publications and trait databases and these eleven included leaf dry matter content (LDMC; g g-1), average individual leaf area (cm2), leaf turgor loss point (TLP; MPa), leaf nitrogen concentration (%), specific leaf area (SLA; cm2 g-1), leaf tissue density (LTD; cm3 g-1), root nitrogen (%), root tissue density (RTD; cm3 g-1), root diameter (mm), specific root length (SRL; m g-1), and average maximum height (mm). Trait data were compiled for each species at the site level where available (Table S1). Trait values measured at, or nearby, EDGE sites were considered the closest estimate for species traits. For this we used a mix of unpublished and open-access trait data from individual researchers (Blumenthal et al., 2020; Craine et al., 2011; Farrell, 2018; Laughlin et al., 2010; Stears et al., 2022; Tucker, 2010). Grassland communities that did not have data available at the local scale were filled in by progressively broader estimates using regional averages and eventually global estimates provided by the TRY database as needed (Kattge et al., 2019).

Evaluating multiple signals of climate change across the conterminous United States during three 30-year periods (2010�2039, 2040�2069, 2070�2099) during this century to a baseline period (1980�2009) emphasizes potential changes for growing degree days (GDD), plant hardiness zones (PHZ), and heat zones. These indices were derived using the CCSM4 and GFDL CM3 models under the representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5, respectively, and included in Matthews et al. (2018). Daily temperature was downscaled by Maurer et al.�(https://doi.org/10.1029/2007EO470006 at a 1/8 degree grid scale and used to obtain growing degree days, plant hardiness zones, and heat zones.�Each of these indices provides unique information about plant health related to changes in climatic conditions that influence establishment, growth, and survival. These data and the calculated changes are provided as 14 individual IMG files for each index to assist with management planning and decision making into the future. For each of the four indices the following are included: two baseline files (1980�2009), three files representing 30-year periods for the scenario CCSM4 under RCP 4.5 along with three files of changes, and three files representing 30-year periods for the scenario GFDL CM3 under RCP 8.5 along with three files of changes. Growing degree days address an important component to general patterns of plant growth by accumulating the degree days across the growing season. This metric provides a level of detail related to defining the growing season potential. Here, we evaluate the accumulation of growing degree days at or above 5 �C (41 �F), assuming that limited growth occurs below 5 �C.�Specifically, we calculate growing degree days by first calculating the average daily temperature, based on the maximum and minimum projected daily temperature. We then subtract 5 �C from each mean value and then accumulate the positive difference values for all days within each year. The mean GDD values for the conterminous United States during the baseline period ranged from less than 100 to over 7,000 degree days, increasing from north to south with highest values in the Florida panhandle, southern Texas, southwestern Arizona, and southeastern California. GDD projections throughout the century suggest a ubiquitous increase across the United States with slightly less change in the Northeast and much greater increases throughout the southern United States under the high scenario. Original data and associated metadata can be downloaded from this website:�https://www.fs.usda.gov/rds/archive/Product/RDS-2019-0001

The entire population of the Wood River Valley depends on ground water for domestic supply, either from domestic or municipal-supply wells, rapid population growth since the 1970s has raised concerns about the continued availability of ground and surface water to support existing uses and streamflow. To help address these concerns, ground- and surface-water conditions in the area before and during the population growth that started in the 1970s was evaluated. This dataset denotes the boundary for ground-water analysis relating to 2006 hydrologic conditions of the unconfined aquifer. Four of the tributary canyons outlined by this boundary were not included in ground-water analysis for pre-development conditions due to lack of pre-development data in these areas.

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High-Visibility Clothing Market Size 2024-2028

The high-visibility clothing market size is forecast to increase by USD 271.3 million at a CAGR of 3.27% between 2023 and 2028. The market is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing demand from various industries, including manufacturing, construction, emergency response, and forest rangers. The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) equipped with reflective materials and fluorescent colors is essential for ensuring the safety of workers in high-risk environments. companies are focusing on innovative product offerings, such as wearable technology, to enhance safety protocols and risk management practices. The COVID-19 pandemic has also accelerated the adoption of high-visibility clothing as companies prioritize the safety and health of their employees. The market is expected to continue its growth trajectory, driven by the need for enhanced safety measures and regulatory compliance.

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The high visibility apparel market in the US is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing prioritization of safety and risk management practices across various industries. This market caters to the demand for safety vests, shirts, jackets, rainwear, and other high visibility workwear in sectors such as construction, traffic management, maintenance services, offshore activities, mining, manufacturing, military & defense, transportation, healthcare, logistics, recreational activities, and more. High visibility apparel is essential in ensuring the safety of workers in hazardous environments. The use of reflective materials and fluorescent colors enhances the visibility of the wearer, reducing the risk of accidents.

Also, tier 1 companies are increasingly investing in advanced reflective materials, moisture-wicking fabrics, and smart textiles to improve the functionality and comfort of their high visibility workwear. The transportation sector is a significant contributor to the growth of the high visibility apparel market in the US. With the increasing number of vehicles on the road and the need for efficient traffic management, the demand for reflective vests and shirts for road workers and law enforcement personnel is on the rise. Similarly, in the manufacturing sector, workers are exposed to various hazards, including heavy machinery, chemicals, and electrical equipment. High visibility apparel is crucial in ensuring their safety and preventing accidents.

Moreover, the use of smart textiles and wearable technology in high visibility workwear is gaining popularity due to their ability to monitor workers' vital signs and alert supervisors in case of emergencies. The healthcare sector is another significant market for high visibility apparel. Healthcare workers, especially those working in emergency services and intensive care units, require high visibility apparel to ensure their safety and the safety of their patients. The use of moisture-wicking fabrics and advanced reflective materials in healthcare workwear enhances comfort and visibility, making it an essential investment for healthcare providers. Logistics and recreational activities are other sectors where high visibility apparel is gaining popularity.

In logistics, workers involved in loading and unloading cargo, as well as those working in warehouses, require high visibility apparel to ensure their safety. In recreational activities, such as hunting, fishing, and camping, high visibility rainwear is essential to ensure safety in adverse weather conditions. In conclusion, the high visibility apparel market in the US is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing prioritization of safety and risk management practices across various industries. The use of advanced reflective materials, moisture-wicking fabrics, and smart textiles is enhancing the functionality and comfort of high visibility workwear, making it an essential investment for businesses in the US.

Market Segmentation

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Product

  Durable
  Disposable


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China


  Middle East and Africa



  South America

By Product Insights

The durable segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market in the United States is experiencing growth in the durable product segment due to increased safety regulations aimed at minimizing workplace hazards. Durable high-visibility clothing is particularly valuable in industries with challenging conditions, such as extreme temperatures, radiation, and pressure. The rising dema

The state of Florida experienced the most significant GDP growth in 2023, growing by 9.8 percent from 2022. Washington, South Carolina, and Nebraska also experienced high amounts of growth in the same period. Wyoming saw the smallest increase, at only two percent.

The entire population of the Wood River Valley depends on ground water for domestic supply, either from domestic or municipal-supply wells, rapid population growth since the 1970s has raised concerns about the continued availability of ground and surface water to support existing uses and streamflow. To help address these concerns, ground- and surface-water conditions in the area before and during the population growth that started in the 1970s was evaluated. This dataset helps analyze trends in ground-water data, documents 2006 hydrologic conditions, and is used to compare 2006 and historic ground-water data of the Wood River Valley of south-central Idaho. It represents ground-water conditions in the unconfined aquifer during October 2006 constructed from 88 water-level measurements in the main valley and 8 tributary canyons.

There were almost 700 thousand slaves in the US in 1790, which equated to approximately 18 percent of the total population, or roughly one in every six people. By 1860, the final census taken before the American Civil War, there were four million slaves in the South, compared with less than 0.5 million free African Americans in all of the US. Of the 4.4 million African Americans in the US before the war, almost four million of these people were held as slaves; meaning that for all African Americans living in the US in 1860, there was an 89 percent* chance that they lived in slavery. A brief history Trans-Atlantic slavery began in the early sixteenth century, when the Portuguese and Spanish forcefully brought captured African slaves to the New World, in order to work for them. The British Empire introduced slavery to North America on a large scale, and the economy of the British colonies there depended on slave labor, particularly regarding cotton, sugar and tobacco output. In the seventeenth and eighteenth century the number of slaves being brought to the Americas increased exponentially, and at the time of American independence it was legal in all thirteen colonies. Although slavery became increasingly prohibited in the north, the number of slaves remained high during this time as they were simply relocated or sold from the north to the south. It is also important to remember that the children of slaves were also viewed as property, and (apart from some very rare cases) were born into a life of slavery. Abolition and the American Civil War In the years that followed independence, the Northern States began gradually prohibiting slavery, and it was officially abolished there by 1805, and the importation of slave labor was prohibited nationwide from 1808 (although both still existed in practice after this). Business owners in the Southern States however depended on slave labor in order to meet the demand of their rapidly expanding industries, and the issue of slavery continued to polarize American society in the decades to come. This culminated in the election of President Abraham Lincoln in 1860, who promised to prohibit slavery in the newly acquired territories to the west, leading to the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865. Although the Confederacy (south) were victorious in much of the early stages of the war, the strength in numbers of the northern states (including many free, black men), eventually resulted in a victory for the Union (north), and the nationwide abolishment of slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865. Legacy In total, an estimated twelve to thirteen million Africans were transported to the Americas as slaves, and this does not include the high number who did not survive the journey (which was as high as 23 percent in some years). In the 150 years since the abolishment of slavery in the US, the African-American community have continuously campaigned for equal rights and opportunities that were not afforded to them along with freedom. The most prominent themes have been the Civil Rights Movement, voter suppression, mass incarceration and the relationship between the police and the African-American community has taken the spotlight in recent years.

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Bus Market Size 2024-2028

The bus market size is estimated to increase by USD 19.07 billion, growing at a CAGR of 6.73% between 2023 and 2028. Market expansion hinges on various factors such as accelerated urbanization, stringent government regulations, incentives, and effective congestion and traffic management strategies. As cities grow rapidly, there is an increased demand for solutions that streamline transportation and infrastructure development. Government policies and incentives play a pivotal role in shaping market dynamics, encouraging innovation and investment in urban planning and mobility solutions. Effective congestion and traffic management strategies are crucial to optimizing urban mobility, reducing environmental impact, and enhancing quality of life. These factors collectively drive market growth in sectors ranging from transportation infrastructure and smart city technologies to sustainable urban development initiatives. Emphasizing sustainable and efficient urban solutions remains essential in meeting the challenges posed by urbanization while fostering economic growth and environmental stewardship.

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Market Dynamics

In the transportation sector, vehicle configuration and fuel category significantly influence operating costs and fuel expenditures for various vehicles, including diesel transit vehicles and luxury coaches used in the tourism sector. With fluctuations in fossil fuel prices, operators of transit buses and tour buses navigate economic challenges while balancing passenger revenue and optimizing routes across the road network. Digital innovations like online ticketing and machine learning (ML) enhance operational efficiencies and passenger experience, streamlining booking processes and optimizing schedules. Addressing environmental pollution, particularly from air travel and road-based transport such as intercity and intracity buses, remains a priority. Governments and industry leaders focus on sustainable practices and integrating digital technology to mitigate environmental impacts while meeting the demands of modern transportation systems and enhancing overall travel experiences.

Key Driver

Rapid urbanization is the key factor driving the growth of the global market. Rapid urbanization has become a key driver for the global market in several countries, including the US, China, and India. There is a growing need for effective and environmentally friendly public transport systems, especially these vehicles, as cities such as Mumbai and Bangalore expand and populations concentrate in urban areas. The requirement to meet the transit needs of an expanding metropolitan population is a major driver of the global bus market. The Chinese government has made significant investments in public transportation infrastructure to accommodate the increased demand for public transportation in metropolitan areas, notably BRT networks.

Moreover, in China, more than 40 BRT lines were operating by 2020, handling millions of passengers daily. According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 68% of the world's population is expected to reside in urban areas by 2050. This indicates the increased future demand for buses across the world, which is expected to drive the growth of the market during the forecast period.

Significant Trends

Technological advancements in electric vehicles are the primary trend shaping the global bus market growth. Since the global market is growing moderately, many manufacturers are entering into electric vehicle manufacturing. In addition, the need for technological advancements is also high - a factor that is encouraging electric bus manufacturers to focus on advancements in collaboration with technology-based companies. In line with this, Volvo and Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have signed a cooperation agreement on an R&D program for autonomous electric buses as a drive to create new solutions for sustainable public transport. It is expected that this technology, which is being developed by Volvo, will contribute to the future autonomous applications of Volvo.

Another technological advancement has been made to address the difficulty in charging - Li-ion batteries that can be charged with the help of solar power. For instance, Kiira Motors, a Uganda-based company, has come up with the Kayoola bus concept, which can run on solar power. Hence, the adoption of electric buses and significant technological advancements are expected to drive the demand for electric buses, which, in turn, will drive the market growth and trends during the forecast period.

Major Challenge

Inadequate bus infrastructure is a major challenge impeding the growth of the global market. The global market has significant challenges due to poor infrastructure, particularly in urb

New York was the most populous state in the union in the year 1900. It had the largest white population, for both native born and foreign born persons, and together these groups made up over 7.1 million of New York's 7.2 million inhabitants at this time. The United States' industrial centers to the north and northeast were one of the most important economic draws during this period, and states in these regions had the largest foreign born white populations. Ethnic minorities Immigration into the agricultural southern states was much lower than the north, and these states had the largest Black populations due to the legacy of slavery - this balance would begin to shift in the following decades as a large share of the Black population migrated to urban centers to the north during the Great Migration. The Japanese and Chinese populations at this time were more concentrated in the West, as these states were the most common point of entry for Asians into the country. The states with the largest Native American populations were to the west and southwest, due to the legacy of forced displacement - this included the Indian Territory, an unorganized and independent territory assigned to the Native American population in the early 1800s, although this was incorporated into Oklahoma when it was admitted into the union in 1907. Additionally, non-taxpaying Native Americans were historically omitted from the U.S. Census, as they usually lived in separate communities and could not vote or hold office - more of an effort was made to count all Native Americans from 1890 onward, although there are likely inaccuracies in the figures given here. Changing distribution Internal migration in the 20th century greatly changed population distribution across the country, with California and Florida now ranking among the three most populous states in the U.S. today, while they were outside the top 20 in 1900. The growth of Western states' populations was largely due to the wave of internal migration during the Great Depression, where unemployment in the east saw many emigrate to "newer" states in search of opportunity, as well as significant immigration from Latin America (especially Mexico) and Asia since the mid-1900s.

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Additive Manufacturing Market Size 2025-2029

The additive manufacturing market size is forecast to increase by USD 46.76 billion at a CAGR of 23.9% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven primarily by the high demand In the medical device sector for customized implants and prosthetics. This trend is further fueled by the increasing consumer interest in personalized, 3D-printed products across various industries. However, the market growth is not without challenges. Moreover, the precision and customization offered by additive manufacturing make it an ideal solution for producing dental implants and other medical devices. The high initial cost of setting up additive manufacturing facilities remains a significant barrier to entry for many companies. Despite this, the long-term benefits, including reduced material waste, faster prototyping, and increased design freedom, make it an attractive investment for those seeking to innovate and stay competitive. Companies looking to capitalize on the opportunities in this market should focus on cost reduction strategies, collaborations, and partnerships to overcome the initial investment hurdle. By navigating these challenges effectively, they can reap the rewards of this dynamic and innovative industry.

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The market, also known as 3D printing, is experiencing significant growth and innovation as layer-by-layer addition becomes an increasingly viable alternative to traditional subtractive manufacturing methods. The global market size is projected to expand at a strong rate, driven by the prototyping segment, particularly In the automotive industry. Industrial additive manufacturing, utilizing technologies such as stereolithography and fuse deposition modeling, is leading the charge in production applications. Despite this progress, challenges persist, including regulatory scrutiny and the need for consultation solutions and installation services. Mergers and acquisitions continue to shape the competitive landscape, as industry leaders seek to expand their offerings and reduce production expenses.
The market encompasses a range of offerings, from industrial-grade printers to desktop models, catering to various industries and educational purposes. Design software and 3D scanning software capabilities are also critical components of the additive manufacturing ecosystem, enabling users to create and optimize their designs for 3D printing. Overall, the market is poised for continued growth and disruption, offering new opportunities for businesses and innovators alike.

How is this Industry segmented?

The industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Component

  Hardware
  Software
  Services


End-user

  Automotive
  Aerospace
  Industrial
  Healthcare
  Others


Material

  Plastics
  Metals
  Ceramics
  Others


Technology

  Stereolithography
  Polyjet printing
  Binder jetting printing
  Laser sintering
  Others


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Spain
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Component Insights

The hardware segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. Additive manufacturing is a technology-driven process that involves creating three-dimensional objects by adding material layer by layer. This technique, also known as 3D printing, has gained significant traction in various industries due to its rapid manufacturing capabilities and material optimization benefits. The market for additive manufacturing is segmented into several areas, including the prototyping segment and the automotive segment, among others. Industries are increasingly turning to additive manufacturing for applications such as automotive prototyping, functional parts production, and patient-specific healthcare products. 3D printing technology encompasses several methods, including Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), among others.

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The hardware segment was valued at USD 7.79 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 37% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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In 1800, it is estimated that approximately 9.4 million people lived in the region of modern-day South Korea (and 13.8 million on the entire peninsula). The population of this region would remain fairly constant through much of the 19th century, but would begin to grow gradually starting in the mid-1800s, as the fall of the Joseon dynasty and pressure from the U.S. and Japan would end centuries of Korean isolationism. Following the opening of the country to foreign trade, the Korean peninsula would begin to modernize, and by the start of the 20th century, it would have a population of just over ten million. The Korean peninsula was then annexed by Japan in 1910, whose regime implemented industrialization and modernization policies that saw the population of South Korea rising from just under ten million in 1900, to over fifteen million by the start of the Second World War in 1939.

The Korean War Like most regions, the end of the Second World War coincided with a baby boom, that helped see South Korea's population grow by almost two million between 1945 and 1950. However, this boom would stop suddenly in the early 1950s, due to disruption caused by the Korean War. After WWII, the peninsula was split along the 38th parallel, with governments on both sides claiming to be the legitimate rulers of all Korea. Five years of tensions then culminated in North Korea's invasion of the South in June 1950, in the first major conflict of the Cold War. In September, the UN-backed South then repelled the Soviet- and Chinese-backed Northern army, and the frontlines would then fluctuate on either side of the 38th parallel throughout the next three years. The war came to an end in July, 1953, and had an estimated death toll of three million fatalities. The majority of fatalities were civilians on both sides, although the North suffered a disproportionate amount due to extensive bombing campaigns of the U.S. Unlike North Korea, the South's total population did not fall during the war.

Post-war South Korea Between the war's end and the late 1980s, the South's total population more than doubled. In these decades, South Korea was generally viewed as a nominal democracy under authoritarian and military leadership; it was not until 1988 when South Korea transitioned into a stable democracy, and grew its international presence. Much of South Korea's rapid socio-economic growth in the late 20th century was based on the West German model, and was greatly assisted by Japanese and U.S. investment. Today, South Korea is considered one of the world's wealthiest and most developed nations, ranking highly in terms of GDP, human development and life expectancy; it is home to some of the most valuable brands in the world, such as Samsung and Hyundai; and has a growing international cultural presence in music and cinema. In the past decades, South Korea's population growth has somewhat slowed, however it remains one of the most densely populated countries in the world, with total population of more than 51 million people.

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Building Information Management System Market Size 2024-2028

The building information management system market size is forecast to increase by USD 16.00 billion at a CAGR of 13.26% between 2023 and 2028. Building Information Management Systems (BIMS) has gained significant traction in various sectors, including residential, commercial, and industrial, due to the increasing number of construction projects worldwide. The integration of cloud-based solutions has facilitated real-time collaboration and improved project efficiency. However, the high implementation and operational costs remain a challenge for market growth. Professional services and managed services have emerged as crucial solutions to mitigate these costs and ensure effective system utilization. Commercial buildings and residential premises have been the major adopters of BIMS, with the industrial sector following suit. The market is expected to continue its expansion, driven by the need for enhanced project management, increased focus on energy efficiency, and the growing demand for smart buildings.

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The Building Information Management (BIM) system market is rapidly evolving, driven by advancements in digital building design tools and technologies like AI, IoT, and cloud computing. These tools enable the creation of detailed 3D models, which streamline the design, construction, and operation of buildings. BIM systems, integrated with Building Management System (BMS) technologies, optimize energy use, maintenance, and overall building efficiency. As the demand for smart, sustainable buildings grows, the IT sector is increasingly adopting BIM solutions to enhance collaboration and reduce costs. The ability to track and analyze building performance in real-time leads to improved return on investment (ROI) for developers and owners. BIM's integration of cutting-edge technologies ensures long-term value by optimizing operational workflows and supporting data-driven decision-making.

Market Segmentation

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Sector

  Commercial
  Residential
  Industrial
  Institutional


Type

  Software
  Hardware


Geography

  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France


  North America

    US


  APAC

    China
    Japan


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Sector Insights

The commercial segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.The Building Information Management System (BIMS) market in the United States is experiencing significant growth as commercial structures, including office buildings, educational institutions, airport and railways, factories, production plants, distribution facilities, and warehouses, adopt advanced technologies for enhanced operational efficiency and sustainability. BIMS integrates various building functions, such as energy management, security, and HVAC, into a unified platform, allowing for real-time monitoring and data-driven decision-making. This results in substantial cost savings and improved performance. Notably, in March 2022, GridPoint, a leading energy management technology company, raised USD75 million in funding. The investment, led by the Sustainable Investing Group at Goldman Sachs Asset Management and backed by Shell Ventures, aims to accelerate GridPoint's initiatives in decarbonizing commercial buildings and modernizing the grid. This investment underscores the increasing importance of BIMS in the US commercial real estate sector.

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The commercial segment accounted for USD 4.89 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Insights

Europe is estimated to contribute 37% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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The Building Information Management System (BIM) market in Europe is experiencing significant expansion due to the increasing adoption of digital technologies in infrastructure projects and smart city initiatives. This growth is driven by several factors, including the demand for sustainable and energy-efficient buildings, stringent construction regulations, and the need for advanced project management tools. European countries are committed to reducing carbon footprints and improving building lifecycle management, making BIM systems an ideal solution. These systems enhance accuracy, collaboration, and efficiency throughout

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Hydration Products Market Size 2024-2028

The hydration products market size is forecast to increase by USD 653.2 million at a CAGR of 10.72% between 2023 and 2028.

Market expansion hinges on various factors, including the escalation of military spending, the surging interest in adventure sports, and the rapid growth of international tourism. Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) is a common material used in manufacturing these lightweight and compressible hydration solutions. The increase in military expenditure fuels demand for defense-related products and services, fostering market growth. Eco-friendly packaging is a growing trend In the market, as consumers increasingly prioritize sustainable practices. Simultaneously, the rising popularity of adventure sports drives the need for specialized equipment, training, and experiences, contributing significantly to market expansion in this sector. Additionally, the booming international tourism industry creates opportunities for various businesses, from hospitality to travel agencies, thereby boosting overall market growth. These converging factors underscore the diverse and interconnected nature of the market's growth drivers, reflecting the dynamic landscape of global economic and societal trends.

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The market encompasses a wide range of offerings, including Hydration Packs, Water Bottles, Filtration and Purification devices, and various Accessories. These products cater to diverse sectors such as Sports and Military. Radio Frequency Welding is a popular technique for sealing these products, ensuring their durability and reliability. The market also includes Bottled water and Filtration devices for those who prefer traditional hydration methods. Lightweight materials are essential for Adventure sports and Military personnel, making these hydration products an indispensable part of their gear.
The Healthy Lifestyle and Outdoor recreation participation segments have fueled the demand for these products In the Sports segment. Similarly, the Military segment requires Military-grade hydration products for mission-critical situations. Athletes and Fitness enthusiasts also rely on these products to maintain their performance levels during training and competitions. The E-commerce sector has significantly contributed to the market's growth, enabling easy access to these essential hydration solutions for Outdoor adventurers and consumers alike.

How is this Hydration Products Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

End-user

  Sports
  Military
  Others


Product

  Hydration backpacks
  Water bottles
  Purification and filtration
  Accessories
  Others


Distribution Channel

  Offline
  Online


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  APAC



  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By End-user Insights

The sports segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. Hydration packs and water bottles are essential hydration products used by sports enthusiasts, adventure seekers, military personnel, and athletes to maintain optimal hydration levels during physical activities. These hydration solutions offer convenience and portability, making them indispensable for various sports, trekking, skiing, biking, running, and other outdoor activities. The global market for hydration products is driven by the growth in sports activities and adventure sports participation worldwide. Adventure tourism, a key growth sector, is expanding at an unprecedented rate, contributing significantly to economic development and employment generation. Hydration Products manufacturers employ advanced technologies such as Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) and Radio-Frequency Welding (RFW) to create lightweight and compressible hydration packs.
Eco-friendly packaging and the integration of filtration and purification systems in water bottles and hydration packs are becoming increasingly popular. The military sector is another significant market, with a demand for rugged, military-grade hydration solutions in harsh environments. The e-commerce sector is playing a crucial role In the growth of the market, enabling easy access to a wide range, including filtration devices, purification systems, electrolyte drinks, and smart hydration products. The sports segment, including fitness enthusiasts and athletes, is a significant consumer base. The military segment, with its requirement for durable and reliable hydration solutions, is another key market.
In summary, The market is witn

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the BRICS countries have been considered the five foremost developing economies in the world. Originally, the term BRIC was used by economists when talking about the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, however these countries have held annual summits since 2009, and the group has expanded to include South Africa since 2010. China has the largest GDP of the BRICS country, at 16.86 trillion U.S. dollars in 2021, while the others are all below three trillion. Combined, the BRICS bloc has a GDP over 25.85 trillion U.S. dollars in 2022, which is slightly more than the United States. BRICS economic development China has consistently been the largest economy of this bloc, and its rapid growth has seen it become the second largest economy in the world, behind the U.S.. China's growth has also been much faster than the other BRICS countries; for example, when compared with the second largest BRICS economy, its GDP was less than double the size of Brazil's in 2000, but is almost six times larger than India's in 2021. Since 2000, the country with the second largest GDP has fluctuated between Brazil, Russia, and India, due to a variety of factors, although India has held this position since 2015 (when the other two experienced recession), and it's growth rate is on track to surpass China's in the coming decade. South Africa has consistently had the smallest economy of the BRICS bloc, and it has just the third largest economy in Africa; its inclusion in this group is due to the fact that it is the most advanced and stable major economy in Africa, and it holds strategic importance due to the financial potential of the continent in the coming decades. Future developments It is predicted that China's GDP will overtake that of the U.S. by the end of the 2020s, to become the largest economy in the world, while some also estimate that India will also overtake the U.S. around the middle of the century. Additionally, the BRICS group is more than just an economic or trading bloc, and its New Development Bank was established in 2014 to invest in sustainable infrastructure and renewable energy across the globe. While relations between its members were often strained or of less significance in the 20th century, their current initiatives have given them a much greater international influence. The traditional great powers represented in the Group of Seven (G7) have seen their international power wane in recent decades, while BRICS countries have seen theirs grow, especially on a regional level. Today, the original BRIC countries combine with the Group of Seven (G7), to make up 11 of the world's 12 largest economies, but it is predicted that they will move further up on this list in the coming decades.

Approximately 41 million people immigrated to the United States of America between the years 1820 and 1957. During this time period, the United States expanded across North America, growing from 23 to 48 states, and the population grew from approximately 10 million people in 1820, to almost 180 million people by 1957. Economically, the U.S. developed from being an agriculturally focused economy in the 1820s, to having the highest GDP of any single country in the 1950s. Much of this expansion was due to the high numbers of agricultural workers who migrated from Europe, as technological advances in agriculture had lowered the labor demand. The majority of these migrants settled in urban centers, and this fueled the growth of the industrial sector.

American industrialization and European rural unemployment fuel migration The first major wave of migration came in the 1850s, and was fueled largely by Irish and German migrants, who were fleeing famine or agricultural depression at the time. The second boom came in the 1870s, as the country recovered from the American Civil War, and the Second Industrial Revolution took off. The final boom of the nineteenth century came in the 1880s, as poor harvests and industrialization in Europe led to mass emigration. Improvements in steam ship technology and lower fares led to increased migration from Eastern and Southern Europe at the turn of the century (particularly from Italy). War and depression reduces migration Migration to the U.S. peaked at the beginning of the 20th century, before it fluctuated greatly at the beginning of the 20th century. This was not only due to the disruptions to life in Europe caused by the world wars, but also the economic disruption of the Great Depression in the 1930s. The only period between 1914 and 1950 where migration was high was during the 1920s. However, the migration rate rose again in the late 1940s, particularly from Latin America and Asia. The historically high levels of migration from Europe has meant that the most common ethnicity in the U.S. has been non-Hispanic White since the early-colonial period, however increased migration from Latin America, Asia and Africa, and higher fertility rates among ethnic minorities, have seen the Whites' share of the total population fall in recent years (although it is still over three times larger than any other group.

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the majority of documented migration to the United States of American came from European countries. Between 1820 and 1957, of the approximate 41 million migrants to the US, over 34 million of these came from Europe. The most commonly documented countries of origin during this time were Germany (6.6 million), Italy (4.9 million), Ireland (4.6 million), Great Britain (4.5 million), and Russia (3.4 million). The first wave of mass migration came in the 1850s, as the Great famine crippled Ireland's population, and many in rural areas of mainland Europe struggled to adapt to industrialization, and economic opportunities attracted many in the 1870s, following the American Civil War. The 1880s saw another wave, as steam powered ships and lower fares made trans-Atlantic journeys much more affordable. The first wave of mass migration from Eastern and Southern Europe also arrived at this time, as industrialization and agricultural advancements led to high unemployment in these regions.

The majority of migrants to the United States settled in major urban centers, which allowed the expansion of industry, leading to the United States' emergence as one of the leading global economies at the turn of the twentieth century. The largest wave of migration to the United states during this period came in the first fifteen years of the 1900s. The influx of migrants from Northern and Western Europe had now been replaced by an influx from Eastern and Southern Europe (although migration from the British Isles was still quite high during this time). European migration fell to it's lowest levels in eighty years during the First World War, before fluctuating again in the interwar period, due to the Great Depression. As the twentieth century progressed, the continent with the highest levels of migration to the US gradually changed from Europe to Latin America, as economic opportunities in Western Europe improved, and the US' relationship with the Soviet Union and other Eastern, communist states became complicated.

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Articulated Bus Market Size 2024-2028

The articulated bus market size is forecast to increase by USD 1.88 billion at a CAGR of 5.68% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is witnessing significant growth due to several key factors. One of the primary reasons is the benefits that articulated buses offer over double-decker buses, including better maneuverability in tight city streets and increased passenger capacity. Another trend driving market growth is the increasing adoption of electric articulated buses, which contribute to reducing carbon emissions and improving air quality in urban areas. Design features include fuel-efficient propulsion systems, passenger-centric amenities, and emission regulations aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality. However, the inadequate bus infrastructure in many cities poses a challenge to the market's growth. Subsidies and incentives from governments and transit authorities help mitigate the financial risk for bus manufacturers, driving the market growth. Despite this, the market is expected to continue expanding as governments and transportation authorities invest in modernizing their public transportation systems. Overall, the market is an essential segment In the global public transportation industry, offering innovative solutions to address the growing demand for efficient and eco-friendly mass transit systems.

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The market caters to the unique transportation needs of urban populations in dense areas, offering increased passenger capacity compared to conventional buses. These buses, also known as bendy buses or accordion buses, feature an articulated joint that allows them to maneuver effectively in crowded urban areas with limited road space. With a focus on low-floor designs and spacious interiors, articulated buses provide a more comfortable and accessible experience for passengers. Transit agencies in burgeoning cities increasingly turn to these buses to expand public transport options, addressing the challenges of rapid population growth and increasing road traffic. As the demand for eco-friendly and fuel-efficient bus transport solutions continues to rise, articulated buses, available in both single and double-decker configurations, offer a flexible and sustainable alternative to conventional buses.

How is this Articulated Bus Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The articulated bus industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Fuel Type

  Diesel
  Electric and hybrid
  Others


Type

  Single-decker bus
  Double-decker bus


Geography

  Europe

    Germany
    France


  APAC

    China


  North America



  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Fuel Type Insights

The diesel segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Articulated buses, available in both single-decker and double-decker configurations, cater to the transportation needs of dense urban areas and intracity routes. These buses, featuring low-floor designs and spacious interiors, accommodate larger passenger capacities compared to conventional buses. Transit agencies prioritize sustainable mobility initiatives, leading to the growing popularity of zero-emission electric buses. However, diesel buses continue to dominate the market due to their high range and versatility, suitable for long-haul intercity routes and areas with limited charging infrastructure.

Moreover, urban populations rely on buses for efficient and flexible transportation, especially in crowded city streets with tight turns. The vehicle market consists of various types, including single-decker buses, double-decker buses, airport shuttle services, tour & charter services, and ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) vehicles. Flexible construction and automation technologies, such as lane assist and collision avoidance, enhance safety and passenger comfort. Urban transportation and public transport options continue to evolve, with government laws and environmental concerns shaping the market landscape.

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The diesel segment was valued at USD 2.95 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

Europe is estimated to contribute 44% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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