Spain's average temperature usually peaks in the summer months of July and August, and reaches its lowest values in December of each year. In January 2024, the mean temperature in Spain stood at *** degrees Celsius, up from *** degrees Celsius in the same month of the previous year. During the period in consideration, the Mediterranean country registered its warmest average temperature in July 2020, at ** degrees Celsius. Meanwhile, mean temperatures reached a record low in January 2021, at just over **** degrees Celsius.

The average temperature in Spain stood at 15 degrees Celsius in 2024. This represented a slight decrease from the previous year, but an anomaly of 1.1 degrees Celsius above the annual mean from 1991 to 2020. During the period in consideration, average temperatures in the Mediterranean country reached a record high in 2017, at some 16.2 degrees Celsius.

Temperature in Spain decreased to 15.10 celsius in 2024 from 15.16 celsius in 2023. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Spain Average Temperature.

Throughout 2024, Spain reached its warmest average temperature in the month of August, at ** degrees Celsius. Meanwhile, December was the coldest month that year, with a recorded mean temperature of *** degrees Celsius.

Regardless of whether the rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain, the truth is annual precipitations in the Mediterranean country experienced a downward trend in recent years, with around *** millimeters of rainfall recorded in 2023. Nevertheless, this figure increased in 2024. For instance, March – one of Spain's wettest months – registered just over *** millimeters of rain in 2024, up ** percent from the same month the previous year. However, the record high of *** millimeters was recorded in March 2018. Spain: Europe’s suntrapMany picture Spain as a dream summer holiday destination – Mediterranean cuisine in the form of tapas, great beaches, and what many visit the country for – its warm climate and sweet sunshine. This enthusiasm for the European country is then not too surprising, since most of its sunniest areas exceeded ***** hours of sunshine according to data provided by the Spanish Statistics Institute. Tourism constitutes an essential industry for the Spanish economic systemTravel and tourism have become one of the leading engines of growth for the Spanish economy, featuring an ongoing increase in the GDP contribution over the last years – despite a drop due to the COVID-19 pandemic – and is projected to reach nearly *** billion euros in 2025.

Global Temperature: Daily Average: Spain: Daroca data was reported at 15.400 Degrees Celsius in 16 May 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 13.700 Degrees Celsius for 15 May 2025. Global Temperature: Daily Average: Spain: Daroca data is updated daily, averaging 11.450 Degrees Celsius from Nov 2023 (Median) to 16 May 2025, with 543 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.800 Degrees Celsius in 30 Jul 2024 and a record low of 0.000 Degrees Celsius in 16 Jan 2025. Global Temperature: Daily Average: Spain: Daroca data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Climate Prediction Center. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.CPC.GT: Environmental: Global Temperature: Daily Average.

Global Temperature: Daily Temperature Departure from Normal: Spain: Daroca data was reported at 0.500 Degrees Celsius in 16 May 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of -1.100 Degrees Celsius for 15 May 2025. Global Temperature: Daily Temperature Departure from Normal: Spain: Daroca data is updated daily, averaging 1.350 Degrees Celsius from Nov 2023 (Median) to 16 May 2025, with 543 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.450 Degrees Celsius in 06 Apr 2024 and a record low of -6.550 Degrees Celsius in 15 Mar 2025. Global Temperature: Daily Temperature Departure from Normal: Spain: Daroca data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Climate Prediction Center. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.CPC.GT: Environmental: Global Temperature: Daily Temperature Departure from Normal.

Spain Heating Degree Days data was reported at 3,433.470 Degrees Celsius in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3,498.390 Degrees Celsius for 2019. Spain Heating Degree Days data is updated yearly, averaging 3,850.750 Degrees Celsius from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2020, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,554.970 Degrees Celsius in 1972 and a record low of 3,184.680 Degrees Celsius in 1997. Spain Heating Degree Days data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Climate Risk. A heating degree day (HDD) is a measurement designed to track energy use. It is the number of degrees that a day's average temperature is below 18°C (65°F). Daily degree days are accumulated to obtain annual values.;World Bank, Climate Change Knowledge Portal. https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org;;

Average rainfall in Spain amounted to some 669.1 millimeters in 2024. This represents an increase in rainfall of over 24 percent in comparison to the previous year. During the period in consideration, Spain's wettest year was 2018, when the average precipitation reached a record high of 808 millimeters. Since then, rainfall in the Mediterranean country has mostly seen a continual annual decline until 2023.

In total, 21 sites in 9 mountain rivers in the centre of Spain (between the latitudes of 40°18' and 41°21' N). Sites are located in the Tormes River and its tributaries, the Barbellido River, the Gredos Gorge and the Aravalle River (in the Duero Basin); the Cega River and the Pirón River (the Pirón River is a tributary of the Cega River in the larger Duero Basin); the Tagus River, the Gallo River, and the Cabrillas River (all four of which are in the Tagus Basin). At each study site, water temperatures were recorded every 2 h throughout the year using 31 Hobo Water Temperature Pro v2 (Onset) and Vemco® Minilog data loggers. Loggers were tested for malfunctions before being deployed and were placed at bottom of the streams avoiding direct solar radiation . Depth -these are shallow streams- and position in the stream section were not relevant as it was verified.

Spain Cooling Degree Days data was reported at 1,010.310 Degrees Celsius in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,022.440 Degrees Celsius for 2019. Spain Cooling Degree Days data is updated yearly, averaging 844.150 Degrees Celsius from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2020, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,183.220 Degrees Celsius in 2017 and a record low of 409.330 Degrees Celsius in 1977. Spain Cooling Degree Days data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Climate Risk. A cooling degree day (CDD) is a measurement designed to track energy use. It is the number of degrees that a day's average temperature is above 18°C (65°F). Daily degree days are accumulated to obtain annual values.;World Bank, Climate Change Knowledge Portal. https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org;;

Spain Maximum 5-day Rainfall: 25-year Return Level data was reported at -0.284 mm in 2050. Spain Maximum 5-day Rainfall: 25-year Return Level data is updated yearly, averaging -0.284 mm from Dec 2050 (Median) to 2050, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -0.284 mm in 2050 and a record low of -0.284 mm in 2050. Spain Maximum 5-day Rainfall: 25-year Return Level data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Climate Risk. A 25-year return level of the 5-day cumulative precipitation is the maximum precipitation sum over any 5-day period that can be expected once in an average 25-year period.;World Bank, Climate Change Knowledge Portal (https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org);;

Regionalized projection on the 2001-2060 horizon according to the seasonal variation (winter, autumn, spring and summer) of the climatic variables: accumulated precipitation (mm), maximum temperature (ºC), minimum temperature (ºC) and average temperature (ºC). No-action scenario (scenario A2, IPCC, 2007), for the average of 4 general circulation models (BCM2, CNCM3, ECHAM5, EGMAM). Raster on a 500x500 meter grid

Regionalized projection on the 2001-2060 horizon according to the seasonal variation (winter, autumn, spring and summer) of the climatic variables: accumulated precipitation (mm), maximum temperature (ºC), minimum temperature (ºC) and average temperature (ºC). Scenario for applying moderate mitigation policies (scenario A1B, IPCC, 2007), for the average of 4 general circulation models (BCM2, CNCM3, ECHAM5, EGMAM). Raster on a 500x500 meter grid

Spain Heat Index data was reported at 0.000 Day in 2020. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 Day for 2019. Spain Heat Index data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 Day from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2020, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.010 Day in 2018 and a record low of 0.000 Day in 2020. Spain Heat Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Climate Risk. Total count of days per year where the daily mean Heat Index rose above 35°C. A Heat Index is a measure of how hot it feels once humidity is factored in with air temperature.;World Bank, Climate Change Knowledge Portal. https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org;;

Spain ES: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data was reported at 0.729 % in 2009. Spain ES: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.729 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Spain ES: Droughts, Floods, Extreme Temperatures: Average 1990-2009: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Droughts, floods and extreme temperatures is the annual average percentage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region's water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated.; ; EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database: www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium), World Bank.; ;

No description is available. Visit https://dataone.org/datasets/2b0343c49684364777d4dca272aeaf88 for complete metadata about this dataset.

No description is available. Visit https://dataone.org/datasets/85cc19ff5bcdeb049687493c07ff3186 for complete metadata about this dataset.

Aim: Animal communities around the world are responding to climate change by altering their taxonomic composition, mainly through an increase in the colonisation rate of warm-dwelling species and the local extinction of cold-dwelling ones. We assessed whether the taxonomic composition of bird assemblages in peninsular Spain has changed in accordance with the recent increase in temperature. We also evaluated the role of species' thermal affinities and population dynamics in these changes. Location: Peninsular Spain. Taxon: Birds. Methods: We compared assemblages reported in the last Spanish breeding bird atlases (1998–2002 vs 2014–2019) in 10x10 km squares. We described species’ thermal niches by overlaying global species breeding distributions and world temperature metrics (based on mean, minimum, maximum and range), and then aggregated them to obtain a set of community thermal indices for each assemblage (CTIs, and CTR for ranges). Long-term average temperatures and local current tempe..., The dataset is a dataframe that comprises the Community Thermal Indices (response variable) and the environmental and geographic variables employed as predictors of the spatial GLMM. This model related the temperatures to the changes of CTI, considering the habitat (forest) change. The Community Thermal Indices were computed from the Species Thermal Indices. We obtained four thermal indices for each species (Species Thermal Index – STI) by combining the global species’ distribution and the climate information. The STI1 (i) shows the mean temperature of the breeding season (April-July) throughout the species’ distribution range. Similarly, the STI2 (ii) is the average of the maximum temperatures above the percentile 95 in July, and the STI3 (iii) is the average minimum temperature below the percentile 05 in April in the species’ breeding distribution range. These three indices represent a species’ thermal affinity. On the other hand, the fourth index (iv) (Species Thermal Range - STR) re..., , # Data for: Recent changes in thermal niche position and breadth of bird assemblages in Spain in relation to increasing temperatures

Name: David Ramón-MartÃnez ORCID:0000-0001-7537-6254 Institution: Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC) Address: Amrico Vespucio 26, Sevilla 41092, Spain Email:

Name: Javier Seoane ORCID:0000-0001-9975-4846 Institution: Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (CIBC-UAM); Terrestrial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid(TEG-UAM). Address: Darwin, 2. Madrid 28049, Spain Email:

Aim: Animal communities around the world are responding to climate change by altering their taxonomic composition, mainly through an increase in the colonisation rate of warm-dwelling species and the local extinction of cold-dwelling ones. We assessed whether the taxonomic composition of bird assemblages in peninsular Spain has changed in accordance with the recent increase in temperature. We also ...

Average annual temperatures in Spain are projected to rise under the different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP), based on the historic baseline of **** degrees Celsius (°C). Under the RCP *** intermediate emission scenario, it is expected that temperatures will rise to **** °C in the next decades and to **** °C by mid-century. Temperatures will continue to rise to reach **** °C by 2099, following the same scenario.