This statistic shows the national debt of Spain from 2019 to 2023, with projections up until 2029. In 2023, the national debt in Spain was around 1,621.42 billion U.S. dollars. For comparison, the Greek debt amounted to approximately 401.71 billion U.S. dollars that same year. Spanish economy The Spanish economy, though in a state of turmoil, has been one of the world’s largest and most important economies. As a member of the European Union and the World Trade Organization, Spain often plays an important role in modern day economics. Spain maintains several economic strengths, some of which include a modern high-tech infrastructure as well as an abundance of exports, which rank as some of the highest in the world. Additionally, Spain’s economical sectors, principally built upon tourism and automobiles, also rank amongst some of the most significant around the globe. Tourism plays an important role in Spain’s economy, with millions of tourists visiting the plentiful amount of beaches during the summer and historical sites all year round. In the past, Spain was considered the most frequently visited country in the world, however, it fell several places in the past couple years, primarily because of the country’s ongoing economical struggles. Tourism is arguably the most significant sector in Spain, making up a large percentage of the country’s entire GDP. The Spanish automobile industry has receded for several years,but still makes notable contributions to the economy and has some of the more powerful car manufacturers in the world.

Key information about Spain Government Debt: % of GDP

• Spain Government debt accounted for 104.3 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Sep 2024, compared with the ratio of 105.3 % in the previous quarter.
• Spain government debt to GDP ratio data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1995 to Sep 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 124.2 % in Mar 2021 and a record low of 34.9 % in Mar 2008.

Banco de España provides quarterly Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP based on ESA 2010.


Related information about Spain Government Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Spain National Government Debt reached 1,823.5 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 378.4 USD bn in Mar 2023.

The ratio of national debt to gross domestic product (GDP) in Spain was forecast to continuously decrease between 2024 and 2029 by in total 5.2 percentage points. After the ninth consecutive decreasing year, the ratio is estimated to reach 97.11 percent and therefore a new minimum in 2029. Depicted here is the general government gross debt in relation to the country's GDP. According to the International Monetary Fund, gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. The GDP, on the other hand, refers to the total value of final goods and services produced during a year.Find more statistics on other topics about Spain with key insights such as the share in the global GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity, the total population, and the national debt.

Graph and download economic data for Central government debt, total (% of GDP) for Spain (DEBTTLESA188A) from 1970 to 2022 about Spain, debt, government, and GDP.

The value of the outstanding debt of Spanish households in the second quarter of 2024 amounted to 77 percent of their gross disposable income. Household indebtedness in Spain has been decreasing at a fast pace since 2013. In contrast, the household gross savings rate in Spain has remained more stable, with the exception of the years following the COVID-19 pandemic.

External Debt in Spain increased to 2598016 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2024 from 2576941 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2024. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Spain External Debt - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for Household Debt to GDP for Spain (HDTGPDESA163N) from 1999 to 2023 about Spain, debt, households, and GDP.

Key information about Spain External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP

• Spain External Debt: Short Term accounted for 64.4 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2023, compared with the ratio of 73.4 % in the previous year.
• Spain External Debt: Short Term: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from 2000 to 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 76.4 % in 2020 and a record low of 24.8 % in 2001.

CEIC calculates Short Term External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Short Term External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. Short Term External Debt is calculated as the sum of Short Term External Debt breakdowns for General Government, Other MFIs, Banco de España and Other Resident Sectors. Banco de España provides Short Term External Debt in EUR based on BPM6 and Nominal GDP in EUR based on ESA 2010. Short Term External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2002 is calculated from Short Term External Debt based on BPM5 and Nominal GDP based on ESA 1995.


Related information about Spain External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Spain, Current Account recorded a surplus of 6.2 USD bn in Aug 2024.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) fell by 1.2 USD bn in Apr 2023.
• Spain Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 2.4 USD bn in Aug 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 8.0 USD bn in Jun 2024.
• Spain External Debt: Short Term value stood at 1,026.7 USD bn in Dec 2023.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 378.4 USD bn in Mar 2023.

As of September 2023, the average maturity of short-term Spanish government bonds was 1.84 years, while Eurobonds had an average maturity of 12.61 years. Longer-term debt instruments tend to have more stable interest rates, which are better for fiscal planning but often less appealing to speculative investors.

Private Debt to GDP in Spain decreased to 166.40 percent in 2023 from 185.60 percent in 2022. Spain Private Debt to GDP - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Outstanding Total International Debt Securities to GDP for Spain (DDDM07ESA156NWDB) from 1980 to 2020 about issues, Spain, debt, and GDP.

As of the first quarter of 2024, the public debt ratio was remarkably uneven across the different autonomous communities in Spain. The source estimated that four communities had a public debt above 30 percent of their regional GDP. The Region of Valencia was, by far, the one with the highest debt-to-GDP ratio, hovering at about 41.5 percent.

Key information about Spain Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP

• Spain Private Debt accounted for 71.73 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with a ratio of 72.47 % in the previous quarter
• Spain Private Debt contribution to Nominal GDP ratio is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2003 to Dec 2024, with an average share of 111.03 %
• The data reached an all-time high of 166.77 % in Dec 2009 and a record low of 71.73 % in Dec 2024

CEIC calculates quarterly Private Debt as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Private Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. Banco de España provides Private Debt in EUR. National Statistics Institute provides Nominal GDP in EUR.

This statistic shows the percentage change on the previous year for general government consolidated gross debt as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Spain from 2011 to 2017. The largest change in this period occurred in 2012 when there was an increase of 14.2 percent.

Spain ES: Gross Public Debt: USD: General Government: Debt Securities and Loans data was reported at 1,351.532 USD bn in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,424.604 USD bn for Mar 2018. Spain ES: Gross Public Debt: USD: General Government: Debt Securities and Loans data is updated quarterly, averaging 519.666 USD bn from Mar 1995 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 94 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,424.604 USD bn in Mar 2018 and a record low of 317.574 USD bn in Jun 2001. Spain ES: Gross Public Debt: USD: General Government: Debt Securities and Loans data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.QPSD: Gross Public Debt: General Government.

Contains data from the World Bank's data portal. There is also a consolidated country dataset on HDX.

Debt statistics provide a detailed picture of debt stocks and flows of developing countries. Data presented as part of the Quarterly External Debt Statistics takes a closer look at the external debt of high-income countries and emerging markets to enable a more complete understanding of global financial flows. The Quarterly Public Sector Debt database provides further data on public sector valuation methods, debt instruments, and clearly defined tiers of debt for central, state and local government, as well as extra-budgetary agencies and funds. Data are gathered from national statistical organizations and central banks as well as by various major multilateral institutions and World Bank staff.

General government net debt (% of GDP) of Spain declined by 4.17% from 97.4 % in 2022 to 93.3 % in 2023. Since the 23.20% jump in 2020, general government net debt (% of GDP) slumped by 9.51% in 2023. Net debt is calculated as gross debt minus financial assets corresponding to debt instruments. These financial assets are: monetary gold and SDRs, currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pension, and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts receivable.

As of December 31, 2023, Spain issued green, sustainable, and social (GSS) debt worth a total of approximately 123 billion U.S. dollars. The highest debt issued was green, at 84 billion U.S. dollars, and the lowest was social with 15 billion U.S. dollars.

Spain ES: Gross Public Debt: % of GDP: General Government: Debt Securities data was reported at 84.209 % in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 83.403 % for Dec 2017. Spain ES: Gross Public Debt: % of GDP: General Government: Debt Securities data is updated quarterly, averaging 48.789 % from Sep 1995 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 91 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 84.209 % in Mar 2018 and a record low of 1.219 % in Sep 1995. Spain ES: Gross Public Debt: % of GDP: General Government: Debt Securities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank: QPSD: Gross Public Debt: % of GDP: General Government.

France, Italy, Germany, and Spain are the four member states of the European Union with the largest government debts in absolute terms. These countries' debts range from around 1.5 trillion euros for Spain, to closer to three trillion euros for France. The absolute value of a countries debt can be a misleading indicator, as countries with larger economies and population naturally tend to have larger absolute debt burdens - therefore, to see how capable a country is of servicing or paying off its debt, it is better to look at the ratio of its debt compared to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP).